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svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r76847 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-12-14 21:25:27 -0600 (Mon, 14 Dec 2009) | 1 line adverb ........ r76851 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-12-15 21:28:52 -0600 (Tue, 15 Dec 2009) | 1 line remove lib2to3 resource ........ r76869 | vinay.sajip | 2009-12-17 08:52:00 -0600 (Thu, 17 Dec 2009) | 1 line Issue #7529: logging: Minor correction to documentation. ........ r76882 | georg.brandl | 2009-12-19 11:30:28 -0600 (Sat, 19 Dec 2009) | 1 line #7527: use standard versionadded tags. ........ r76891 | georg.brandl | 2009-12-19 12:16:31 -0600 (Sat, 19 Dec 2009) | 1 line #7479: add note about function availability on Unices. ........ r76892 | georg.brandl | 2009-12-19 12:20:18 -0600 (Sat, 19 Dec 2009) | 1 line #7480: remove tautology. ........ r76924 | georg.brandl | 2009-12-20 08:28:05 -0600 (Sun, 20 Dec 2009) | 1 line Small indentation fix. ........ r77007 | gregory.p.smith | 2009-12-23 03:31:11 -0600 (Wed, 23 Dec 2009) | 3 lines Fix possible integer overflow in lchown and fchown functions. For issue1747858. ........ r77070 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-12-27 14:06:44 -0600 (Sun, 27 Dec 2009) | 2 lines Fix a typo in comment ........ r77092 | georg.brandl | 2009-12-28 02:48:24 -0600 (Mon, 28 Dec 2009) | 1 line #7404: remove reference to non-existing example files. ........ r77096 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-12-28 14:51:17 -0600 (Mon, 28 Dec 2009) | 1 line document new fix_callable behavior ........ r77120 | georg.brandl | 2009-12-29 15:09:17 -0600 (Tue, 29 Dec 2009) | 1 line #7595: fix typo in argument default constant. ........ r77126 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-12-29 17:06:17 -0600 (Tue, 29 Dec 2009) | 2 lines #7579: Add docstrings to the msvcrt module ........ r77155 | georg.brandl | 2009-12-30 13:03:00 -0600 (Wed, 30 Dec 2009) | 1 line We only support Windows NT derivatives now. ........
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:mod:`msvcrt` -- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
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=========================================================
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.. module:: msvcrt
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:platform: Windows
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:synopsis: Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime.
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.. sectionauthor:: Fred L. Drake, Jr. <fdrake@acm.org>
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These functions provide access to some useful capabilities on Windows platforms.
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Some higher-level modules use these functions to build the Windows
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implementations of their services. For example, the :mod:`getpass` module uses
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this in the implementation of the :func:`getpass` function.
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Further documentation on these functions can be found in the Platform API
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documentation.
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The module implements both the normal and wide char variants of the console I/O
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api. The normal API deals only with ASCII characters and is of limited use
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for internationalized applications. The wide char API should be used where
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ever possible
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.. _msvcrt-files:
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File Operations
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---------------
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.. function:: locking(fd, mode, nbytes)
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Lock part of a file based on file descriptor *fd* from the C runtime. Raises
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:exc:`IOError` on failure. The locked region of the file extends from the
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current file position for *nbytes* bytes, and may continue beyond the end of the
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file. *mode* must be one of the :const:`LK_\*` constants listed below. Multiple
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regions in a file may be locked at the same time, but may not overlap. Adjacent
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regions are not merged; they must be unlocked individually.
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.. data:: LK_LOCK
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LK_RLCK
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Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, the program
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immediately tries again after 1 second. If, after 10 attempts, the bytes cannot
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be locked, :exc:`IOError` is raised.
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.. data:: LK_NBLCK
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LK_NBRLCK
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Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, :exc:`IOError` is
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raised.
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.. data:: LK_UNLCK
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Unlocks the specified bytes, which must have been previously locked.
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.. function:: setmode(fd, flags)
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Set the line-end translation mode for the file descriptor *fd*. To set it to
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text mode, *flags* should be :const:`os.O_TEXT`; for binary, it should be
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:const:`os.O_BINARY`.
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.. function:: open_osfhandle(handle, flags)
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Create a C runtime file descriptor from the file handle *handle*. The *flags*
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parameter should be a bitwise OR of :const:`os.O_APPEND`, :const:`os.O_RDONLY`,
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and :const:`os.O_TEXT`. The returned file descriptor may be used as a parameter
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to :func:`os.fdopen` to create a file object.
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.. function:: get_osfhandle(fd)
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Return the file handle for the file descriptor *fd*. Raises :exc:`IOError` if
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*fd* is not recognized.
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.. _msvcrt-console:
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Console I/O
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-----------
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.. function:: kbhit()
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Return true if a keypress is waiting to be read.
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.. function:: getch()
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Read a keypress and return the resulting character. Nothing is echoed to the
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console. This call will block if a keypress is not already available, but will
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not wait for :kbd:`Enter` to be pressed. If the pressed key was a special
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function key, this will return ``'\000'`` or ``'\xe0'``; the next call will
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return the keycode. The :kbd:`Control-C` keypress cannot be read with this
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function.
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.. function:: getwch()
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Wide char variant of :func:`getch`, returning a Unicode value.
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.. function:: getche()
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Similar to :func:`getch`, but the keypress will be echoed if it represents a
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printable character.
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.. function:: getwche()
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Wide char variant of :func:`getche`, returning a Unicode value.
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.. function:: putch(char)
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Print the character *char* to the console without buffering.
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.. function:: putwch(unicode_char)
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Wide char variant of :func:`putch`, accepting a Unicode value.
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.. function:: ungetch(char)
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Cause the character *char* to be "pushed back" into the console buffer; it will
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be the next character read by :func:`getch` or :func:`getche`.
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.. function:: ungetwch(unicode_char)
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Wide char variant of :func:`ungetch`, accepting a Unicode value.
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.. _msvcrt-other:
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Other Functions
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---------------
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.. function:: heapmin()
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Force the :cfunc:`malloc` heap to clean itself up and return unused blocks to
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the operating system. On failure, this raises :exc:`IOError`.
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