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148 lines
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:mod:`zipimport` --- Import modules from Zip archives
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=====================================================
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.. module:: zipimport
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:synopsis: support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.
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.. moduleauthor:: Just van Rossum <just@letterror.com>
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This module adds the ability to import Python modules (:file:`\*.py`,
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:file:`\*.py[co]`) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not
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needed to use the :mod:`zipimport` module explicitly; it is automatically used
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by the builtin :keyword:`import` mechanism for ``sys.path`` items that are paths
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to ZIP archives.
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Typically, ``sys.path`` is a list of directory names as strings. This module
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also allows an item of ``sys.path`` to be a string naming a ZIP file archive.
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The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to support package imports,
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and a path within the archive can be specified to only import from a
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subdirectory. For example, the path :file:`/tmp/example.zip/lib/` would only
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import from the :file:`lib/` subdirectory within the archive.
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Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but only files :file:`.py` and
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:file:`.py[co]` are available for import. ZIP import of dynamic modules
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(:file:`.pyd`, :file:`.so`) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only contains
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:file:`.py` files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by adding the
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corresponding :file:`.pyc` or :file:`.pyo` file, meaning that if a ZIP archive
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doesn't contain :file:`.pyc` files, importing may be rather slow.
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.. seealso::
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`PKZIP Application Note <http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT>`_
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Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and
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algorithms used.
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:pep:`0273` - Import Modules from Zip Archives
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Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python 2.3
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follows the specification in PEP 273, but uses an implementation written by Just
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van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in PEP 302.
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:pep:`0302` - New Import Hooks
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The PEP to add the import hooks that help this module work.
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This module defines an exception:
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.. exception:: ZipImportError
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Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It's a subclass of :exc:`ImportError`,
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so it can be caught as :exc:`ImportError`, too.
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.. _zipimporter-objects:
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zipimporter Objects
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-------------------
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:class:`zipimporter` is the class for importing ZIP files.
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.. class:: zipimporter(archivepath)
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Create a new zipimporter instance. *archivepath* must be a path to a ZIP file.
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:exc:`ZipImportError` is raised if *archivepath* doesn't point to a valid ZIP
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archive.
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*archivepath* can also contain a path within the ZIP file -- the importer
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object will then look under that path instead of the ZIP file root. For
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example, an *archivepath* of :file:`foo/bar.zip/lib` will look for modules
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in the :file:`lib` directory inside the ZIP file :file:`foo/bar.zip`
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(provided that it exists).
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.. method:: find_module(fullname[, path])
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Search for a module specified by *fullname*. *fullname* must be the fully
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qualified (dotted) module name. It returns the zipimporter instance itself
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if the module was found, or :const:`None` if it wasn't. The optional
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*path* argument is ignored---it's there for compatibility with the
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importer protocol.
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.. method:: get_code(fullname)
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Return the code object for the specified module. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found.
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.. method:: get_data(pathname)
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Return the data associated with *pathname*. Raise :exc:`IOError` if the
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file wasn't found.
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.. method:: get_source(fullname)
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Return the source code for the specified module. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found, return
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:const:`None` if the archive does contain the module, but has no source
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for it.
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.. method:: is_package(fullname)
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Return True if the module specified by *fullname* is a package. Raise
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found.
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.. method:: load_module(fullname)
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Load the module specified by *fullname*. *fullname* must be the fully
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qualified (dotted) module name. It returns the imported module, or raises
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:exc:`ZipImportError` if it wasn't found.
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.. attribute:: archive
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The file name of the importer's associated ZIP file.
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.. attribute:: prefix
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The path within the ZIP file where modules are searched; see
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:class:`zipimporter` for details.
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.. _zipimport-examples:
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Examples
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--------
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Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the
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:mod:`zipimport` module is not explicitly used. ::
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$ unzip -l /tmp/example.zip
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Archive: /tmp/example.zip
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Length Date Time Name
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-------- ---- ---- ----
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8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py
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-------- -------
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8467 1 file
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$ ./python
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Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)
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>>> import sys
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>>> sys.path.insert(0, '/tmp/example.zip') # Add .zip file to front of path
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>>> import jwzthreading
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>>> jwzthreading.__file__
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'/tmp/example.zip/jwzthreading.py'
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