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79 lines
3 KiB
ReStructuredText
79 lines
3 KiB
ReStructuredText
:tocdepth: 2
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==========================
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Graphic User Interface FAQ
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==========================
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.. only:: html
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.. contents::
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.. XXX need review for Python 3.
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General GUI Questions
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=====================
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What GUI toolkits exist for Python?
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===================================
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Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk
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widget set, called :ref:`tkinter <Tkinter>`. This is probably the easiest to
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install (since it comes included with most
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`binary distributions <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_ of Python) and use.
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For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the
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`Tcl/Tk home page <https://www.tcl.tk>`_. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the
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macOS, Windows, and Unix platforms.
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Depending on what platform(s) you are aiming at, there are also several
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alternatives. A `list of cross-platform
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<https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming#Cross-Platform_Frameworks>`_ and
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`platform-specific
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<https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming#Platform-specific_Frameworks>`_ GUI
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frameworks can be found on the python wiki.
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Tkinter questions
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=================
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How do I freeze Tkinter applications?
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-------------------------------------
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Freeze is a tool to create stand-alone applications. When freezing Tkinter
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applications, the applications will not be truly stand-alone, as the application
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will still need the Tcl and Tk libraries.
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One solution is to ship the application with the Tcl and Tk libraries, and point
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to them at run-time using the :envvar:`TCL_LIBRARY` and :envvar:`TK_LIBRARY`
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environment variables.
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To get truly stand-alone applications, the Tcl scripts that form the library
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have to be integrated into the application as well. One tool supporting that is
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SAM (stand-alone modules), which is part of the Tix distribution
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(https://tix.sourceforge.net/).
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Build Tix with SAM enabled, perform the appropriate call to
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:c:func:`Tclsam_init`, etc. inside Python's
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:file:`Modules/tkappinit.c`, and link with libtclsam and libtksam (you
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might include the Tix libraries as well).
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Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?
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---------------------------------------------------
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On platforms other than Windows, yes, and you don't even
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need threads! But you'll have to restructure your I/O
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code a bit. Tk has the equivalent of Xt's :c:func:`XtAddInput()` call, which allows you
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to register a callback function which will be called from the Tk mainloop when
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I/O is possible on a file descriptor. See :ref:`tkinter-file-handlers`.
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I can't get key bindings to work in Tkinter: why?
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-------------------------------------------------
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An often-heard complaint is that event handlers bound to events with the
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:meth:`bind` method don't get handled even when the appropriate key is pressed.
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The most common cause is that the widget to which the binding applies doesn't
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have "keyboard focus". Check out the Tk documentation for the focus command.
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Usually a widget is given the keyboard focus by clicking in it (but not for
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labels; see the takefocus option).
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