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334 lines
11 KiB
Python
334 lines
11 KiB
Python
"""Utilities for with-statement contexts. See PEP 343."""
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import sys
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from collections import deque
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from functools import wraps
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__all__ = ["contextmanager", "closing", "ContextDecorator", "ExitStack",
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"redirect_stdout", "suppress"]
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class ContextDecorator(object):
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"A base class or mixin that enables context managers to work as decorators."
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def _recreate_cm(self):
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"""Return a recreated instance of self.
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Allows an otherwise one-shot context manager like
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_GeneratorContextManager to support use as
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a decorator via implicit recreation.
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This is a private interface just for _GeneratorContextManager.
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See issue #11647 for details.
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"""
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return self
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def __call__(self, func):
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@wraps(func)
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def inner(*args, **kwds):
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with self._recreate_cm():
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return func(*args, **kwds)
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return inner
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class _GeneratorContextManager(ContextDecorator):
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"""Helper for @contextmanager decorator."""
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def __init__(self, func, *args, **kwds):
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self.gen = func(*args, **kwds)
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self.func, self.args, self.kwds = func, args, kwds
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# Issue 19330: ensure context manager instances have good docstrings
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doc = getattr(func, "__doc__", None)
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if doc is None:
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doc = type(self).__doc__
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self.__doc__ = doc
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# Unfortunately, this still doesn't provide good help output when
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# inspecting the created context manager instances, since pydoc
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# currently bypasses the instance docstring and shows the docstring
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# for the class instead.
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# See http://bugs.python.org/issue19404 for more details.
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def _recreate_cm(self):
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# _GCM instances are one-shot context managers, so the
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# CM must be recreated each time a decorated function is
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# called
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return self.__class__(self.func, *self.args, **self.kwds)
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def __enter__(self):
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try:
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return next(self.gen)
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except StopIteration:
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield") from None
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def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
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if type is None:
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try:
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next(self.gen)
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except StopIteration:
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return
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else:
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop")
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else:
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if value is None:
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# Need to force instantiation so we can reliably
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# tell if we get the same exception back
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value = type()
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try:
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self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
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raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop after throw()")
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except StopIteration as exc:
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# Suppress the exception *unless* it's the same exception that
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# was passed to throw(). This prevents a StopIteration
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# raised inside the "with" statement from being suppressed
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return exc is not value
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except:
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# only re-raise if it's *not* the exception that was
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# passed to throw(), because __exit__() must not raise
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# an exception unless __exit__() itself failed. But throw()
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# has to raise the exception to signal propagation, so this
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# fixes the impedance mismatch between the throw() protocol
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# and the __exit__() protocol.
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#
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if sys.exc_info()[1] is not value:
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raise
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def contextmanager(func):
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"""@contextmanager decorator.
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Typical usage:
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@contextmanager
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def some_generator(<arguments>):
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<setup>
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try:
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yield <value>
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finally:
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<cleanup>
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This makes this:
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with some_generator(<arguments>) as <variable>:
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<body>
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equivalent to this:
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<setup>
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try:
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<variable> = <value>
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<body>
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finally:
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<cleanup>
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"""
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@wraps(func)
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def helper(*args, **kwds):
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return _GeneratorContextManager(func, *args, **kwds)
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return helper
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class closing(object):
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"""Context to automatically close something at the end of a block.
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Code like this:
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with closing(<module>.open(<arguments>)) as f:
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<block>
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is equivalent to this:
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f = <module>.open(<arguments>)
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try:
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<block>
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finally:
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f.close()
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"""
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def __init__(self, thing):
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self.thing = thing
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def __enter__(self):
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return self.thing
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def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
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self.thing.close()
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class redirect_stdout:
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"""Context manager for temporarily redirecting stdout to another file
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# How to send help() to stderr
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with redirect_stdout(sys.stderr):
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help(dir)
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# How to write help() to a file
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with open('help.txt', 'w') as f:
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with redirect_stdout(f):
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help(pow)
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"""
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def __init__(self, new_target):
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self._new_target = new_target
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# We use a list of old targets to make this CM re-entrant
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self._old_targets = []
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def __enter__(self):
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self._old_targets.append(sys.stdout)
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sys.stdout = self._new_target
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return self._new_target
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def __exit__(self, exctype, excinst, exctb):
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sys.stdout = self._old_targets.pop()
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class suppress:
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"""Context manager to suppress specified exceptions
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After the exception is suppressed, execution proceeds with the next
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statement following the with statement.
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with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
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os.remove(somefile)
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# Execution still resumes here if the file was already removed
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"""
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def __init__(self, *exceptions):
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self._exceptions = exceptions
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def __enter__(self):
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pass
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def __exit__(self, exctype, excinst, exctb):
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# Unlike isinstance and issubclass, CPython exception handling
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# currently only looks at the concrete type hierarchy (ignoring
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# the instance and subclass checking hooks). While Guido considers
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# that a bug rather than a feature, it's a fairly hard one to fix
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# due to various internal implementation details. suppress provides
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# the simpler issubclass based semantics, rather than trying to
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# exactly reproduce the limitations of the CPython interpreter.
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#
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# See http://bugs.python.org/issue12029 for more details
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return exctype is not None and issubclass(exctype, self._exceptions)
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# Inspired by discussions on http://bugs.python.org/issue13585
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class ExitStack(object):
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"""Context manager for dynamic management of a stack of exit callbacks
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For example:
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with ExitStack() as stack:
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files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in filenames]
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# All opened files will automatically be closed at the end of
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# the with statement, even if attempts to open files later
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# in the list raise an exception
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"""
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def __init__(self):
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self._exit_callbacks = deque()
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def pop_all(self):
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"""Preserve the context stack by transferring it to a new instance"""
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new_stack = type(self)()
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new_stack._exit_callbacks = self._exit_callbacks
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self._exit_callbacks = deque()
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return new_stack
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def _push_cm_exit(self, cm, cm_exit):
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"""Helper to correctly register callbacks to __exit__ methods"""
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def _exit_wrapper(*exc_details):
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return cm_exit(cm, *exc_details)
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_exit_wrapper.__self__ = cm
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self.push(_exit_wrapper)
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def push(self, exit):
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"""Registers a callback with the standard __exit__ method signature
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Can suppress exceptions the same way __exit__ methods can.
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Also accepts any object with an __exit__ method (registering a call
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to the method instead of the object itself)
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"""
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# We use an unbound method rather than a bound method to follow
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# the standard lookup behaviour for special methods
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_cb_type = type(exit)
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try:
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exit_method = _cb_type.__exit__
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except AttributeError:
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# Not a context manager, so assume its a callable
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self._exit_callbacks.append(exit)
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else:
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self._push_cm_exit(exit, exit_method)
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return exit # Allow use as a decorator
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def callback(self, callback, *args, **kwds):
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"""Registers an arbitrary callback and arguments.
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Cannot suppress exceptions.
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"""
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def _exit_wrapper(exc_type, exc, tb):
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callback(*args, **kwds)
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# We changed the signature, so using @wraps is not appropriate, but
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# setting __wrapped__ may still help with introspection
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_exit_wrapper.__wrapped__ = callback
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self.push(_exit_wrapper)
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return callback # Allow use as a decorator
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def enter_context(self, cm):
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"""Enters the supplied context manager
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If successful, also pushes its __exit__ method as a callback and
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returns the result of the __enter__ method.
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"""
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# We look up the special methods on the type to match the with statement
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_cm_type = type(cm)
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_exit = _cm_type.__exit__
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result = _cm_type.__enter__(cm)
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self._push_cm_exit(cm, _exit)
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return result
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def close(self):
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"""Immediately unwind the context stack"""
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self.__exit__(None, None, None)
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def __enter__(self):
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return self
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def __exit__(self, *exc_details):
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received_exc = exc_details[0] is not None
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# We manipulate the exception state so it behaves as though
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# we were actually nesting multiple with statements
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frame_exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
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def _fix_exception_context(new_exc, old_exc):
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while 1:
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exc_context = new_exc.__context__
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if exc_context in (None, frame_exc):
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break
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new_exc = exc_context
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new_exc.__context__ = old_exc
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# Callbacks are invoked in LIFO order to match the behaviour of
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# nested context managers
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suppressed_exc = False
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pending_raise = False
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while self._exit_callbacks:
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cb = self._exit_callbacks.pop()
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try:
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if cb(*exc_details):
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suppressed_exc = True
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pending_raise = False
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exc_details = (None, None, None)
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except:
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new_exc_details = sys.exc_info()
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# simulate the stack of exceptions by setting the context
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_fix_exception_context(new_exc_details[1], exc_details[1])
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pending_raise = True
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exc_details = new_exc_details
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if pending_raise:
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try:
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# bare "raise exc_details[1]" replaces our carefully
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# set-up context
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fixed_ctx = exc_details[1].__context__
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raise exc_details[1]
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except BaseException:
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exc_details[1].__context__ = fixed_ctx
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raise
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return received_exc and suppressed_exc
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