cpython/Python/thread_pthread.h

/* Posix threads interface */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_DESTRUCTOR)
#define destructor xxdestructor
#endif
#include <pthread.h>
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_DESTRUCTOR)
#undef destructor
#endif
#include <signal.h>

/* The POSIX spec requires that use of pthread_attr_setstacksize
   be conditional on _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE being defined. */
#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE
#ifndef THREAD_STACK_SIZE
#define	THREAD_STACK_SIZE	0	/* use default stack size */
#endif
/* for safety, ensure a viable minimum stacksize */
#define	THREAD_STACK_MIN	0x8000	/* 32kB */
#else  /* !_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE */
#ifdef THREAD_STACK_SIZE
#error "THREAD_STACK_SIZE defined but _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE undefined"
#endif
#endif

/* The POSIX spec says that implementations supporting the sem_*
   family of functions must indicate this by defining
   _POSIX_SEMAPHORES. */   
#ifdef _POSIX_SEMAPHORES
/* On FreeBSD 4.x, _POSIX_SEMAPHORES is defined empty, so 
   we need to add 0 to make it work there as well. */
#if (_POSIX_SEMAPHORES+0) == -1
#define HAVE_BROKEN_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
#else
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <errno.h>
#endif
#endif

/* Before FreeBSD 5.4, system scope threads was very limited resource
   in default setting.  So the process scope is preferred to get
   enough number of threads to work. */
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
#include <osreldate.h>
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 500000 && __FreeBSD_version < 504101
#undef PTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCHED_SUPPORTED
#endif
#endif

#if !defined(pthread_attr_default)
#  define pthread_attr_default ((pthread_attr_t *)NULL)
#endif
#if !defined(pthread_mutexattr_default)
#  define pthread_mutexattr_default ((pthread_mutexattr_t *)NULL)
#endif
#if !defined(pthread_condattr_default)
#  define pthread_condattr_default ((pthread_condattr_t *)NULL)
#endif


/* Whether or not to use semaphores directly rather than emulating them with
 * mutexes and condition variables:
 */
#if defined(_POSIX_SEMAPHORES) && !defined(HAVE_BROKEN_POSIX_SEMAPHORES)
#  define USE_SEMAPHORES
#else
#  undef USE_SEMAPHORES
#endif


/* On platforms that don't use standard POSIX threads pthread_sigmask()
 * isn't present.  DEC threads uses sigprocmask() instead as do most
 * other UNIX International compliant systems that don't have the full
 * pthread implementation.
 */
#if defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_SIGMASK) && !defined(HAVE_BROKEN_PTHREAD_SIGMASK)
#  define SET_THREAD_SIGMASK pthread_sigmask
#else
#  define SET_THREAD_SIGMASK sigprocmask
#endif


/* We assume all modern POSIX systems have gettimeofday() */
#ifdef GETTIMEOFDAY_NO_TZ
#define GETTIMEOFDAY(ptv) gettimeofday(ptv)
#else
#define GETTIMEOFDAY(ptv) gettimeofday(ptv, (struct timezone *)NULL)
#endif

#define MICROSECONDS_TO_TIMESPEC(microseconds, ts) \
do { \
	struct timeval tv; \
	GETTIMEOFDAY(&tv); \
	tv.tv_usec += microseconds % 1000000; \
	tv.tv_sec += microseconds / 1000000; \
	tv.tv_sec += tv.tv_usec / 1000000; \
	tv.tv_usec %= 1000000; \
	ts.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec; \
	ts.tv_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000; \
} while(0)


/* A pthread mutex isn't sufficient to model the Python lock type
 * because, according to Draft 5 of the docs (P1003.4a/D5), both of the
 * following are undefined:
 *  -> a thread tries to lock a mutex it already has locked
 *  -> a thread tries to unlock a mutex locked by a different thread
 * pthread mutexes are designed for serializing threads over short pieces
 * of code anyway, so wouldn't be an appropriate implementation of
 * Python's locks regardless.
 *
 * The pthread_lock struct implements a Python lock as a "locked?" bit
 * and a <condition, mutex> pair.  In general, if the bit can be acquired
 * instantly, it is, else the pair is used to block the thread until the
 * bit is cleared.     9 May 1994 tim@ksr.com
 */

typedef struct {
	char             locked; /* 0=unlocked, 1=locked */
	/* a <cond, mutex> pair to handle an acquire of a locked lock */
	pthread_cond_t   lock_released;
	pthread_mutex_t  mut;
} pthread_lock;

#define CHECK_STATUS(name)  if (status != 0) { perror(name); error = 1; }

/*
 * Initialization.
 */

#ifdef _HAVE_BSDI
static
void _noop(void)
{
}

static void
PyThread__init_thread(void)
{
	/* DO AN INIT BY STARTING THE THREAD */
	static int dummy = 0;
	pthread_t thread1;
	pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, (void *) _noop, &dummy);
	pthread_join(thread1, NULL);
}

#else /* !_HAVE_BSDI */

static void
PyThread__init_thread(void)
{
#if defined(_AIX) && defined(__GNUC__)
	pthread_init();
#endif
}

#endif /* !_HAVE_BSDI */

/*
 * Thread support.
 */


long
PyThread_start_new_thread(void (*func)(void *), void *arg)
{
	pthread_t th;
	int status;
#if defined(THREAD_STACK_SIZE) || defined(PTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCHED_SUPPORTED)
	pthread_attr_t attrs;
#endif
#if defined(THREAD_STACK_SIZE)
	size_t	tss;
#endif

	dprintf(("PyThread_start_new_thread called\n"));
	if (!initialized)
		PyThread_init_thread();

#if defined(THREAD_STACK_SIZE) || defined(PTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCHED_SUPPORTED)
	if (pthread_attr_init(&attrs) != 0)
		return -1;
#endif
#if defined(THREAD_STACK_SIZE)
	tss = (_pythread_stacksize != 0) ? _pythread_stacksize
					 : THREAD_STACK_SIZE;
	if (tss != 0) {
		if (pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attrs, tss) != 0) {
			pthread_attr_destroy(&attrs);
			return -1;
		}
	}
#endif
#if defined(PTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCHED_SUPPORTED)
        pthread_attr_setscope(&attrs, PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM);
#endif

	status = pthread_create(&th, 
#if defined(THREAD_STACK_SIZE) || defined(PTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCHED_SUPPORTED)
				 &attrs,
#else
				 (pthread_attr_t*)NULL,
#endif
				 (void* (*)(void *))func,
				 (void *)arg
				 );

#if defined(THREAD_STACK_SIZE) || defined(PTHREAD_SYSTEM_SCHED_SUPPORTED)
	pthread_attr_destroy(&attrs);
#endif
	if (status != 0)
            return -1;

        pthread_detach(th);

#if SIZEOF_PTHREAD_T <= SIZEOF_LONG
	return (long) th;
#else
	return (long) *(long *) &th;
#endif
}

/* XXX This implementation is considered (to quote Tim Peters) "inherently
   hosed" because:
     - It does not guarantee the promise that a non-zero integer is returned.
     - The cast to long is inherently unsafe.
     - It is not clear that the 'volatile' (for AIX?) and ugly casting in the
       latter return statement (for Alpha OSF/1) are any longer necessary.
*/
long 
PyThread_get_thread_ident(void)
{
	volatile pthread_t threadid;
	if (!initialized)
		PyThread_init_thread();
	/* Jump through some hoops for Alpha OSF/1 */
	threadid = pthread_self();
#if SIZEOF_PTHREAD_T <= SIZEOF_LONG
	return (long) threadid;
#else
	return (long) *(long *) &threadid;
#endif
}

void 
PyThread_exit_thread(void)
{
	dprintf(("PyThread_exit_thread called\n"));
	if (!initialized) {
		exit(0);
	}
}

#ifdef USE_SEMAPHORES

/*
 * Lock support.
 */

PyThread_type_lock 
PyThread_allocate_lock(void)
{
	sem_t *lock;
	int status, error = 0;

	dprintf(("PyThread_allocate_lock called\n"));
	if (!initialized)
		PyThread_init_thread();

	lock = (sem_t *)malloc(sizeof(sem_t));

	if (lock) {
		status = sem_init(lock,0,1);
		CHECK_STATUS("sem_init");

		if (error) {
			free((void *)lock);
			lock = NULL;
		}
	}

	dprintf(("PyThread_allocate_lock() -> %p\n", lock));
	return (PyThread_type_lock)lock;
}

void 
PyThread_free_lock(PyThread_type_lock lock)
{
	sem_t *thelock = (sem_t *)lock;
	int status, error = 0;

	dprintf(("PyThread_free_lock(%p) called\n", lock));

	if (!thelock)
		return;

	status = sem_destroy(thelock);
	CHECK_STATUS("sem_destroy");

	free((void *)thelock);
}

/*
 * As of February 2002, Cygwin thread implementations mistakenly report error
 * codes in the return value of the sem_ calls (like the pthread_ functions).
 * Correct implementations return -1 and put the code in errno. This supports
 * either.
 */
static int
fix_status(int status)
{
	return (status == -1) ? errno : status;
}

int
PyThread_acquire_lock_timed(PyThread_type_lock lock, PY_TIMEOUT_T microseconds)
{
	int success;
	sem_t *thelock = (sem_t *)lock;
	int status, error = 0;
	struct timespec ts;

	dprintf(("PyThread_acquire_lock_timed(%p, %lld) called\n",
		 lock, microseconds));

	if (microseconds > 0)
		MICROSECONDS_TO_TIMESPEC(microseconds, ts);
	do {
		if (microseconds > 0)
			status = fix_status(sem_timedwait(thelock, &ts));
		else if (microseconds == 0)
			status = fix_status(sem_trywait(thelock));
		else
			status = fix_status(sem_wait(thelock));
	} while (status == EINTR); /* Retry if interrupted by a signal */

	if (microseconds > 0) {
		if (status != ETIMEDOUT)
			CHECK_STATUS("sem_timedwait");
	}
	else if (microseconds == 0) {
		if (status != EAGAIN)
			CHECK_STATUS("sem_trywait");
	}
	else {
		CHECK_STATUS("sem_wait");
	}
	
	success = (status == 0) ? 1 : 0;

	dprintf(("PyThread_acquire_lock_timed(%p, %lld) -> %d\n",
		 lock, microseconds, success));
	return success;
}

int 
PyThread_acquire_lock(PyThread_type_lock lock, int waitflag)
{
	return PyThread_acquire_lock_timed(lock, waitflag ? -1 : 0);
}

void 
PyThread_release_lock(PyThread_type_lock lock)
{
	sem_t *thelock = (sem_t *)lock;
	int status, error = 0;

	dprintf(("PyThread_release_lock(%p) called\n", lock));

	status = sem_post(thelock);
	CHECK_STATUS("sem_post");
}

#else /* USE_SEMAPHORES */

/*
 * Lock support.
 */
PyThread_type_lock 
PyThread_allocate_lock(void)
{
	pthread_lock *lock;
	int status, error = 0;

	dprintf(("PyThread_allocate_lock called\n"));
	if (!initialized)
		PyThread_init_thread();

	lock = (pthread_lock *) malloc(sizeof(pthread_lock));
	if (lock) {
		memset((void *)lock, '\0', sizeof(pthread_lock));
		lock->locked = 0;

		status = pthread_mutex_init(&lock->mut,
					    pthread_mutexattr_default);
		CHECK_STATUS("pthread_mutex_init");
                /* Mark the pthread mutex underlying a Python mutex as
                   pure happens-before.  We can't simply mark the
                   Python-level mutex as a mutex because it can be
                   acquired and released in different threads, which
                   will cause errors. */
		_Py_ANNOTATE_PURE_HAPPENS_BEFORE_MUTEX(&lock->mut);

		status = pthread_cond_init(&lock->lock_released,
					   pthread_condattr_default);
		CHECK_STATUS("pthread_cond_init");

		if (error) {
			free((void *)lock);
			lock = 0;
		}
	}

	dprintf(("PyThread_allocate_lock() -> %p\n", lock));
	return (PyThread_type_lock) lock;
}

void 
PyThread_free_lock(PyThread_type_lock lock)
{
	pthread_lock *thelock = (pthread_lock *)lock;
	int status, error = 0;

	dprintf(("PyThread_free_lock(%p) called\n", lock));

	status = pthread_mutex_destroy( &thelock->mut );
	CHECK_STATUS("pthread_mutex_destroy");

	status = pthread_cond_destroy( &thelock->lock_released );
	CHECK_STATUS("pthread_cond_destroy");

	free((void *)thelock);
}

int
PyThread_acquire_lock_timed(PyThread_type_lock lock, PY_TIMEOUT_T microseconds)
{
	int success;
	pthread_lock *thelock = (pthread_lock *)lock;
	int status, error = 0;

	dprintf(("PyThread_acquire_lock_timed(%p, %lld) called\n",
		 lock, microseconds));

	status = pthread_mutex_lock( &thelock->mut );
	CHECK_STATUS("pthread_mutex_lock[1]");
	success = thelock->locked == 0;

	if (!success && microseconds != 0) {
		struct timespec ts;
		if (microseconds > 0)
			MICROSECONDS_TO_TIMESPEC(microseconds, ts);
		/* continue trying until we get the lock */

		/* mut must be locked by me -- part of the condition
		 * protocol */
		while (thelock->locked) {
			if (microseconds > 0) {
				status = pthread_cond_timedwait(
					&thelock->lock_released,
					&thelock->mut, &ts);
				if (status == ETIMEDOUT)
					break;
				CHECK_STATUS("pthread_cond_timed_wait");
			}
			else {
				status = pthread_cond_wait(
					&thelock->lock_released,
					&thelock->mut);
				CHECK_STATUS("pthread_cond_wait");
			}
		}
		success = (status == 0);
	}
	if (success) thelock->locked = 1;
	status = pthread_mutex_unlock( &thelock->mut );
	CHECK_STATUS("pthread_mutex_unlock[1]");

	if (error) success = 0;
	dprintf(("PyThread_acquire_lock_timed(%p, %lld) -> %d\n",
		 lock, microseconds, success));
	return success;
}

int 
PyThread_acquire_lock(PyThread_type_lock lock, int waitflag)
{
	return PyThread_acquire_lock_timed(lock, waitflag ? -1 : 0);
}

void 
PyThread_release_lock(PyThread_type_lock lock)
{
	pthread_lock *thelock = (pthread_lock *)lock;
	int status, error = 0;

	dprintf(("PyThread_release_lock(%p) called\n", lock));

	status = pthread_mutex_lock( &thelock->mut );
	CHECK_STATUS("pthread_mutex_lock[3]");

	thelock->locked = 0;

	status = pthread_mutex_unlock( &thelock->mut );
	CHECK_STATUS("pthread_mutex_unlock[3]");

	/* wake up someone (anyone, if any) waiting on the lock */
	status = pthread_cond_signal( &thelock->lock_released );
	CHECK_STATUS("pthread_cond_signal");
}

#endif /* USE_SEMAPHORES */

/* set the thread stack size.
 * Return 0 if size is valid, -1 if size is invalid,
 * -2 if setting stack size is not supported.
 */
static int
_pythread_pthread_set_stacksize(size_t size)
{
#if defined(THREAD_STACK_SIZE)
	pthread_attr_t attrs;
	size_t tss_min;
	int rc = 0;
#endif

	/* set to default */
	if (size == 0) {
		_pythread_stacksize = 0;
		return 0;
	}

#if defined(THREAD_STACK_SIZE)
#if defined(PTHREAD_STACK_MIN)
	tss_min = PTHREAD_STACK_MIN > THREAD_STACK_MIN ? PTHREAD_STACK_MIN
						       : THREAD_STACK_MIN;
#else
	tss_min = THREAD_STACK_MIN;
#endif
	if (size >= tss_min) {
		/* validate stack size by setting thread attribute */
		if (pthread_attr_init(&attrs) == 0) {
			rc = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attrs, size);
			pthread_attr_destroy(&attrs);
			if (rc == 0) {
				_pythread_stacksize = size;
				return 0;
			}
		}
	}
	return -1;
#else
	return -2;
#endif
}

#define THREAD_SET_STACKSIZE(x)	_pythread_pthread_set_stacksize(x)