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125 lines
2.8 KiB
TeX
125 lines
2.8 KiB
TeX
\section{\module{math} ---
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Mathematical functions (\function{sin()} etc.).}
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\declaremodule{builtin}{math}
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\modulesynopsis{Mathematical functions (\function{sin()} etc.).}
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This module is always available.
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It provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the \C{}
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standard.
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They are:
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\begin{funcdesc}{acos}{x}
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Return the arc cosine of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{asin}{x}
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Return the arc sine of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{atan}{x}
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Return the arc tangent of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{atan2}{y, x}
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Return \code{atan(\var{y} / \var{x})}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{ceil}{x}
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Return the ceiling of \var{x} as a real.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{cos}{x}
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Return the cosine of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{cosh}{x}
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Return the hyperbolic cosine of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{exp}{x}
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Return \code{e**\var{x}}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{fabs}{x}
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Return the absolute value of the real \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{floor}{x}
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Return the floor of \var{x} as a real.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{fmod}{x, y}
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Return \code{\var{x} \%\ \var{y}}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{frexp}{x}
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Return the matissa and exponent for \var{x}. The mantissa is
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positive.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{hypot}{x, y}
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Return the Euclidean distance, \code{sqrt(\var{x}*\var{x} + \var{y}*\var{y})}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{ldexp}{x, i}
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Return \code{\var{x} * (2**\var{i})}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{log}{x}
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Return the natural logarithm of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{log10}{x}
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Return the base-10 logarithm of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{modf}{x}
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Return the fractional and integer parts of \var{x}. Both results
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carry the sign of \var{x}. The integer part is returned as a real.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{pow}{x, y}
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Return \code{\var{x}**\var{y}}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{sin}{x}
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Return the sine of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{sinh}{x}
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Return the hyperbolic sine of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{sqrt}{x}
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Return the square root of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{tan}{x}
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Return the tangent of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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\begin{funcdesc}{tanh}{x}
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Return the hyperbolic tangent of \var{x}.
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\end{funcdesc}
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Note that \function{frexp()} and \function{modf()} have a different
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call/return pattern than their \C{} equivalents: they take a single
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argument and return a pair of values, rather than returning their
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second return value through an `output parameter' (there is no such
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thing in Python).
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The module also defines two mathematical constants:
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\begin{datadesc}{pi}
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The mathematical constant \emph{pi}.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{datadesc}{e}
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The mathematical constant \emph{e}.
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\end{datadesc}
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\begin{seealso}
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\seemodule{cmath}{Complex number versions of many of these functions.}
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\end{seealso}
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