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// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.
//! SQL Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) types
#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
use alloc::{
boxed::Box,
format,
string::{String, ToString},
vec::Vec,
};
use core::fmt::{self, Display};
use core::ops::Deref;
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
#[cfg(feature = "visitor")]
use sqlparser_derive::{Visit, VisitMut};
pub use self::data_type::{
ArrayElemTypeDef, CharLengthUnits, CharacterLength, DataType, ExactNumberInfo,
StructBracketKind, TimezoneInfo,
};
pub use self::dcl::{AlterRoleOperation, ResetConfig, RoleOption, SetConfigValue, Use};
pub use self::ddl::{
AlterColumnOperation, AlterIndexOperation, AlterPolicyOperation, AlterTableOperation,
ClusteredBy, ColumnDef, ColumnOption, ColumnOptionDef, ColumnPolicy, ColumnPolicyProperty,
ConstraintCharacteristics, Deduplicate, DeferrableInitial, GeneratedAs,
GeneratedExpressionMode, IdentityParameters, IdentityProperty, IdentityPropertyFormatKind,
IdentityPropertyKind, IdentityPropertyOrder, IndexOption, IndexType, KeyOrIndexDisplay, Owner,
Partition, ProcedureParam, ReferentialAction, TableConstraint, TagsColumnOption,
UserDefinedTypeCompositeAttributeDef, UserDefinedTypeRepresentation, ViewColumnDef,
};
pub use self::dml::{CreateIndex, CreateTable, Delete, Insert};
pub use self::operator::{BinaryOperator, UnaryOperator};
pub use self::query::{
AfterMatchSkip, ConnectBy, Cte, CteAsMaterialized, Distinct, EmptyMatchesMode,
ExceptSelectItem, ExcludeSelectItem, ExprWithAlias, Fetch, ForClause, ForJson, ForXml,
FormatClause, GroupByExpr, GroupByWithModifier, IdentWithAlias, IlikeSelectItem, Interpolate,
InterpolateExpr, Join, JoinConstraint, JoinOperator, JsonTableColumn,
JsonTableColumnErrorHandling, JsonTableNamedColumn, JsonTableNestedColumn, LateralView,
LockClause, LockType, MatchRecognizePattern, MatchRecognizeSymbol, Measure,
NamedWindowDefinition, NamedWindowExpr, NonBlock, Offset, OffsetRows, OrderBy, OrderByExpr,
PivotValueSource, ProjectionSelect, Query, RenameSelectItem, RepetitionQuantifier,
ReplaceSelectElement, ReplaceSelectItem, RowsPerMatch, Select, SelectInto, SelectItem, SetExpr,
SetOperator, SetQuantifier, Setting, SymbolDefinition, Table, TableAlias, TableFactor,
TableFunctionArgs, TableVersion, TableWithJoins, Top, TopQuantity, ValueTableMode, Values,
WildcardAdditionalOptions, With, WithFill,
};
pub use self::trigger::{
TriggerEvent, TriggerExecBody, TriggerExecBodyType, TriggerObject, TriggerPeriod,
TriggerReferencing, TriggerReferencingType,
};
pub use self::value::{
escape_double_quote_string, escape_quoted_string, DateTimeField, DollarQuotedString,
TrimWhereField, Value,
};
use crate::ast::helpers::stmt_data_loading::{
DataLoadingOptions, StageLoadSelectItem, StageParamsObject,
};
#[cfg(feature = "visitor")]
pub use visitor::*;
mod data_type;
mod dcl;
mod ddl;
mod dml;
pub mod helpers;
mod operator;
mod query;
mod trigger;
mod value;
#[cfg(feature = "visitor")]
mod visitor;
pub struct DisplaySeparated<'a, T>
where
T: fmt::Display,
{
slice: &'a [T],
sep: &'static str,
}
impl<'a, T> fmt::Display for DisplaySeparated<'a, T>
where
T: fmt::Display,
{
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
let mut delim = "";
for t in self.slice {
write!(f, "{delim}")?;
delim = self.sep;
write!(f, "{t}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
pub fn display_separated<'a, T>(slice: &'a [T], sep: &'static str) -> DisplaySeparated<'a, T>
where
T: fmt::Display,
{
DisplaySeparated { slice, sep }
}
pub fn display_comma_separated<T>(slice: &[T]) -> DisplaySeparated<'_, T>
where
T: fmt::Display,
{
DisplaySeparated { slice, sep: ", " }
}
/// An identifier, decomposed into its value or character data and the quote style.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct Ident {
/// The value of the identifier without quotes.
pub value: String,
/// The starting quote if any. Valid quote characters are the single quote,
/// double quote, backtick, and opening square bracket.
pub quote_style: Option<char>,
}
impl Ident {
/// Create a new identifier with the given value and no quotes.
pub fn new<S>(value: S) -> Self
where
S: Into<String>,
{
Ident {
value: value.into(),
quote_style: None,
}
}
/// Create a new quoted identifier with the given quote and value. This function
/// panics if the given quote is not a valid quote character.
pub fn with_quote<S>(quote: char, value: S) -> Self
where
S: Into<String>,
{
assert!(quote == '\'' || quote == '"' || quote == '`' || quote == '[');
Ident {
value: value.into(),
quote_style: Some(quote),
}
}
}
impl From<&str> for Ident {
fn from(value: &str) -> Self {
Ident {
value: value.to_string(),
quote_style: None,
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Ident {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self.quote_style {
Some(q) if q == '"' || q == '\'' || q == '`' => {
let escaped = value::escape_quoted_string(&self.value, q);
write!(f, "{q}{escaped}{q}")
}
Some('[') => write!(f, "[{}]", self.value),
None => f.write_str(&self.value),
_ => panic!("unexpected quote style"),
}
}
}
/// A name of a table, view, custom type, etc., possibly multi-part, i.e. db.schema.obj
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct ObjectName(pub Vec<Ident>);
impl fmt::Display for ObjectName {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", display_separated(&self.0, "."))
}
}
/// Represents an Array Expression, either
/// `ARRAY[..]`, or `[..]`
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct Array {
/// The list of expressions between brackets
pub elem: Vec<Expr>,
/// `true` for `ARRAY[..]`, `false` for `[..]`
pub named: bool,
}
impl fmt::Display for Array {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(
f,
"{}[{}]",
if self.named { "ARRAY" } else { "" },
display_comma_separated(&self.elem)
)
}
}
/// Represents an INTERVAL expression, roughly in the following format:
/// `INTERVAL '<value>' [ <leading_field> [ (<leading_precision>) ] ]
/// [ TO <last_field> [ (<fractional_seconds_precision>) ] ]`,
/// e.g. `INTERVAL '123:45.67' MINUTE(3) TO SECOND(2)`.
///
/// The parser does not validate the `<value>`, nor does it ensure
/// that the `<leading_field>` units >= the units in `<last_field>`,
/// so the user will have to reject intervals like `HOUR TO YEAR`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct Interval {
pub value: Box<Expr>,
pub leading_field: Option<DateTimeField>,
pub leading_precision: Option<u64>,
pub last_field: Option<DateTimeField>,
/// The seconds precision can be specified in SQL source as
/// `INTERVAL '__' SECOND(_, x)` (in which case the `leading_field`
/// will be `Second` and the `last_field` will be `None`),
/// or as `__ TO SECOND(x)`.
pub fractional_seconds_precision: Option<u64>,
}
impl fmt::Display for Interval {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
let value = self.value.as_ref();
match (
&self.leading_field,
self.leading_precision,
self.fractional_seconds_precision,
) {
(
Some(DateTimeField::Second),
Some(leading_precision),
Some(fractional_seconds_precision),
) => {
// When the leading field is SECOND, the parser guarantees that
// the last field is None.
assert!(self.last_field.is_none());
write!(
f,
"INTERVAL {value} SECOND ({leading_precision}, {fractional_seconds_precision})"
)
}
_ => {
write!(f, "INTERVAL {value}")?;
if let Some(leading_field) = &self.leading_field {
write!(f, " {leading_field}")?;
}
if let Some(leading_precision) = self.leading_precision {
write!(f, " ({leading_precision})")?;
}
if let Some(last_field) = &self.last_field {
write!(f, " TO {last_field}")?;
}
if let Some(fractional_seconds_precision) = self.fractional_seconds_precision {
write!(f, " ({fractional_seconds_precision})")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
}
}
/// A field definition within a struct
///
/// [bigquery]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#struct_type
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct StructField {
pub field_name: Option<Ident>,
pub field_type: DataType,
}
impl fmt::Display for StructField {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
if let Some(name) = &self.field_name {
write!(f, "{name} {}", self.field_type)
} else {
write!(f, "{}", self.field_type)
}
}
}
/// A field definition within a union
///
/// [duckdb]: https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/data_types/union.html
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct UnionField {
pub field_name: Ident,
pub field_type: DataType,
}
impl fmt::Display for UnionField {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{} {}", self.field_name, self.field_type)
}
}
/// A dictionary field within a dictionary.
///
/// [duckdb]: https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/data_types/struct#creating-structs
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct DictionaryField {
pub key: Ident,
pub value: Box<Expr>,
}
impl fmt::Display for DictionaryField {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}: {}", self.key, self.value)
}
}
/// Represents a Map expression.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct Map {
pub entries: Vec<MapEntry>,
}
impl Display for Map {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "MAP {{{}}}", display_comma_separated(&self.entries))
}
}
/// A map field within a map.
///
/// [duckdb]: https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/data_types/map.html#creating-maps
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct MapEntry {
pub key: Box<Expr>,
pub value: Box<Expr>,
}
impl fmt::Display for MapEntry {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}: {}", self.key, self.value)
}
}
/// Options for `CAST` / `TRY_CAST`
/// BigQuery: <https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#formatting_syntax>
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CastFormat {
Value(Value),
ValueAtTimeZone(Value, Value),
}
/// Represents the syntax/style used in a map access.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum MapAccessSyntax {
/// Access using bracket notation. `mymap[mykey]`
Bracket,
/// Access using period notation. `mymap.mykey`
Period,
}
/// Expression used to access a value in a nested structure.
///
/// Example: `SAFE_OFFSET(0)` in
/// ```sql
/// SELECT mymap[SAFE_OFFSET(0)];
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct MapAccessKey {
pub key: Expr,
pub syntax: MapAccessSyntax,
}
impl fmt::Display for MapAccessKey {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self.syntax {
MapAccessSyntax::Bracket => write!(f, "[{}]", self.key),
MapAccessSyntax::Period => write!(f, ".{}", self.key),
}
}
}
/// An element of a JSON path.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum JsonPathElem {
/// Accesses an object field using dot notation, e.g. `obj:foo.bar.baz`.
///
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-semistructured#dot-notation>.
Dot { key: String, quoted: bool },
/// Accesses an object field or array element using bracket notation,
/// e.g. `obj['foo']`.
///
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-semistructured#bracket-notation>.
Bracket { key: Expr },
}
/// A JSON path.
///
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-semistructured>.
/// See <https://docs.databricks.com/en/sql/language-manual/sql-ref-json-path-expression.html>.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct JsonPath {
pub path: Vec<JsonPathElem>,
}
impl fmt::Display for JsonPath {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
for (i, elem) in self.path.iter().enumerate() {
match elem {
JsonPathElem::Dot { key, quoted } => {
if i == 0 {
write!(f, ":")?;
} else {
write!(f, ".")?;
}
if *quoted {
write!(f, "\"{}\"", escape_double_quote_string(key))?;
} else {
write!(f, "{key}")?;
}
}
JsonPathElem::Bracket { key } => {
write!(f, "[{key}]")?;
}
}
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// The syntax used for in a cast expression.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CastKind {
/// The standard SQL cast syntax, e.g. `CAST(<expr> as <datatype>)`
Cast,
/// A cast that returns `NULL` on failure, e.g. `TRY_CAST(<expr> as <datatype>)`.
///
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/try_cast>.
/// See <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/try-cast-transact-sql>.
TryCast,
/// A cast that returns `NULL` on failure, bigQuery-specific , e.g. `SAFE_CAST(<expr> as <datatype>)`.
///
/// See <https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators#safe_casting>.
SafeCast,
/// `<expr> :: <datatype>`
DoubleColon,
}
/// `EXTRACT` syntax variants.
///
/// In Snowflake dialect, the `EXTRACT` expression can support either the `from` syntax
/// or the comma syntax.
///
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/extract>
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ExtractSyntax {
/// `EXTRACT( <date_or_time_part> FROM <date_or_time_expr> )`
From,
/// `EXTRACT( <date_or_time_part> , <date_or_timestamp_expr> )`
Comma,
}
/// The syntax used in a CEIL or FLOOR expression.
///
/// The `CEIL/FLOOR(<datetime value expression> TO <time unit>)` is an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics extension.
/// See <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesisanalytics/latest/sqlref/sql-reference-ceil.html> for
/// details.
///
/// Other dialects either support `CEIL/FLOOR( <expr> [, <scale>])` format or just
/// `CEIL/FLOOR(<expr>)`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CeilFloorKind {
/// `CEIL( <expr> TO <DateTimeField>)`
DateTimeField(DateTimeField),
/// `CEIL( <expr> [, <scale>])`
Scale(Value),
}
/// An SQL expression of any type.
///
/// The parser does not distinguish between expressions of different types
/// (e.g. boolean vs string), so the caller must handle expressions of
/// inappropriate type, like `WHERE 1` or `SELECT 1=1`, as necessary.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(
feature = "visitor",
derive(Visit, VisitMut),
visit(with = "visit_expr")
)]
pub enum Expr {
/// Identifier e.g. table name or column name
Identifier(Ident),
/// Multi-part identifier, e.g. `table_alias.column` or `schema.table.col`
CompoundIdentifier(Vec<Ident>),
/// Access data nested in a value containing semi-structured data, such as
/// the `VARIANT` type on Snowflake. for example `src:customer[0].name`.
///
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-semistructured>.
/// See <https://docs.databricks.com/en/sql/language-manual/functions/colonsign.html>.
JsonAccess {
/// The value being queried.
value: Box<Expr>,
/// The path to the data to extract.
path: JsonPath,
},
/// CompositeAccess (postgres) eg: SELECT (information_schema._pg_expandarray(array['i','i'])).n
CompositeAccess {
expr: Box<Expr>,
key: Ident,
},
/// `IS FALSE` operator
IsFalse(Box<Expr>),
/// `IS NOT FALSE` operator
IsNotFalse(Box<Expr>),
/// `IS TRUE` operator
IsTrue(Box<Expr>),
/// `IS NOT TRUE` operator
IsNotTrue(Box<Expr>),
/// `IS NULL` operator
IsNull(Box<Expr>),
/// `IS NOT NULL` operator
IsNotNull(Box<Expr>),
/// `IS UNKNOWN` operator
IsUnknown(Box<Expr>),
/// `IS NOT UNKNOWN` operator
IsNotUnknown(Box<Expr>),
/// `IS DISTINCT FROM` operator
IsDistinctFrom(Box<Expr>, Box<Expr>),
/// `IS NOT DISTINCT FROM` operator
IsNotDistinctFrom(Box<Expr>, Box<Expr>),
/// `[ NOT ] IN (val1, val2, ...)`
InList {
expr: Box<Expr>,
list: Vec<Expr>,
negated: bool,
},
/// `[ NOT ] IN (SELECT ...)`
InSubquery {
expr: Box<Expr>,
subquery: Box<Query>,
negated: bool,
},
/// `[ NOT ] IN UNNEST(array_expression)`
InUnnest {
expr: Box<Expr>,
array_expr: Box<Expr>,
negated: bool,
},
/// `<expr> [ NOT ] BETWEEN <low> AND <high>`
Between {
expr: Box<Expr>,
negated: bool,
low: Box<Expr>,
high: Box<Expr>,
},
/// Binary operation e.g. `1 + 1` or `foo > bar`
BinaryOp {
left: Box<Expr>,
op: BinaryOperator,
right: Box<Expr>,
},
/// `[NOT] LIKE <pattern> [ESCAPE <escape_character>]`
Like {
negated: bool,
// Snowflake supports the ANY keyword to match against a list of patterns
// https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/like_any
any: bool,
expr: Box<Expr>,
pattern: Box<Expr>,
escape_char: Option<String>,
},
/// `ILIKE` (case-insensitive `LIKE`)
ILike {
negated: bool,
// Snowflake supports the ANY keyword to match against a list of patterns
// https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/like_any
any: bool,
expr: Box<Expr>,
pattern: Box<Expr>,
escape_char: Option<String>,
},
/// SIMILAR TO regex
SimilarTo {
negated: bool,
expr: Box<Expr>,
pattern: Box<Expr>,
escape_char: Option<String>,
},
/// MySQL: RLIKE regex or REGEXP regex
RLike {
negated: bool,
expr: Box<Expr>,
pattern: Box<Expr>,
// true for REGEXP, false for RLIKE (no difference in semantics)
regexp: bool,
},
/// `ANY` operation e.g. `foo > ANY(bar)`, comparison operator is one of `[=, >, <, =>, =<, !=]`
/// <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/operators-subquery#all-any>
AnyOp {
left: Box<Expr>,
compare_op: BinaryOperator,
right: Box<Expr>,
// ANY and SOME are synonymous: https://docs.cloudera.com/cdw-runtime/cloud/using-hiveql/topics/hive_comparison_predicates.html
is_some: bool,
},
/// `ALL` operation e.g. `foo > ALL(bar)`, comparison operator is one of `[=, >, <, =>, =<, !=]`
/// <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/operators-subquery#all-any>
AllOp {
left: Box<Expr>,
compare_op: BinaryOperator,
right: Box<Expr>,
},
/// Unary operation e.g. `NOT foo`
UnaryOp {
op: UnaryOperator,
expr: Box<Expr>,
},
/// CONVERT a value to a different data type or character encoding. e.g. `CONVERT(foo USING utf8mb4)`
Convert {
/// CONVERT (false) or TRY_CONVERT (true)
/// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/try-convert-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16>
is_try: bool,
/// The expression to convert
expr: Box<Expr>,
/// The target data type
data_type: Option<DataType>,
/// The target character encoding
charset: Option<ObjectName>,
/// whether the target comes before the expr (MSSQL syntax)
target_before_value: bool,
/// How to translate the expression.
///
/// [MSSQL]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/cast-and-convert-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#style
styles: Vec<Expr>,
},
/// `CAST` an expression to a different data type e.g. `CAST(foo AS VARCHAR(123))`
Cast {
kind: CastKind,
expr: Box<Expr>,
data_type: DataType,
// Optional CAST(string_expression AS type FORMAT format_string_expression) as used by BigQuery
// https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#formatting_syntax
format: Option<CastFormat>,
},
/// AT a timestamp to a different timezone e.g. `FROM_UNIXTIME(0) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC-06:00'`
AtTimeZone {
timestamp: Box<Expr>,
time_zone: Box<Expr>,
},
/// Extract a field from a timestamp e.g. `EXTRACT(MONTH FROM foo)`
/// Or `EXTRACT(MONTH, foo)`
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```sql
/// EXTRACT(DateTimeField FROM <expr>) | EXTRACT(DateTimeField, <expr>)
/// ```
Extract {
field: DateTimeField,
syntax: ExtractSyntax,
expr: Box<Expr>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CEIL(<expr> [TO DateTimeField])
/// ```
/// ```sql
/// CEIL( <input_expr> [, <scale_expr> ] )
/// ```
Ceil {
expr: Box<Expr>,
field: CeilFloorKind,
},
/// ```sql
/// FLOOR(<expr> [TO DateTimeField])
/// ```
/// ```sql
/// FLOOR( <input_expr> [, <scale_expr> ] )
///
Floor {
expr: Box<Expr>,
field: CeilFloorKind,
},
/// ```sql
/// POSITION(<expr> in <expr>)
/// ```
Position {
expr: Box<Expr>,
r#in: Box<Expr>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SUBSTRING(<expr> [FROM <expr>] [FOR <expr>])
/// ```
/// or
/// ```sql
/// SUBSTRING(<expr>, <expr>, <expr>)
/// ```
Substring {
expr: Box<Expr>,
substring_from: Option<Box<Expr>>,
substring_for: Option<Box<Expr>>,
/// false if the expression is represented using the `SUBSTRING(expr [FROM start] [FOR len])` syntax
/// true if the expression is represented using the `SUBSTRING(expr, start, len)` syntax
/// This flag is used for formatting.
special: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// TRIM([BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING] [<expr> FROM] <expr>)
/// TRIM(<expr>)
/// TRIM(<expr>, [, characters]) -- only Snowflake or Bigquery
/// ```
Trim {
expr: Box<Expr>,
// ([BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING]
trim_where: Option<TrimWhereField>,
trim_what: Option<Box<Expr>>,
trim_characters: Option<Vec<Expr>>,
},
/// ```sql
/// OVERLAY(<expr> PLACING <expr> FROM <expr>[ FOR <expr> ]
/// ```
Overlay {
expr: Box<Expr>,
overlay_what: Box<Expr>,
overlay_from: Box<Expr>,
overlay_for: Option<Box<Expr>>,
},
/// `expr COLLATE collation`
Collate {
expr: Box<Expr>,
collation: ObjectName,
},
/// Nested expression e.g. `(foo > bar)` or `(1)`
Nested(Box<Expr>),
/// A literal value, such as string, number, date or NULL
Value(Value),
/// <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-introducer.html>
IntroducedString {
introducer: String,
value: Value,
},
/// A constant of form `<data_type> 'value'`.
/// This can represent ANSI SQL `DATE`, `TIME`, and `TIMESTAMP` literals (such as `DATE '2020-01-01'`),
/// as well as constants of other types (a non-standard PostgreSQL extension).
TypedString {
data_type: DataType,
value: String,
},
/// Access a map-like object by field (e.g. `column['field']` or `column[4]`
/// Note that depending on the dialect, struct like accesses may be
/// parsed as [`Subscript`](Self::Subscript) or [`MapAccess`](Self::MapAccess)
/// <https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/data-types/map/>
MapAccess {
column: Box<Expr>,
keys: Vec<MapAccessKey>,
},
/// Scalar function call e.g. `LEFT(foo, 5)`
Function(Function),
/// `CASE [<operand>] WHEN <condition> THEN <result> ... [ELSE <result>] END`
///
/// Note we only recognize a complete single expression as `<condition>`,
/// not `< 0` nor `1, 2, 3` as allowed in a `<simple when clause>` per
/// <https://jakewheat.github.io/sql-overview/sql-2011-foundation-grammar.html#simple-when-clause>
Case {
operand: Option<Box<Expr>>,
conditions: Vec<Expr>,
results: Vec<Expr>,
else_result: Option<Box<Expr>>,
},
/// An exists expression `[ NOT ] EXISTS(SELECT ...)`, used in expressions like
/// `WHERE [ NOT ] EXISTS (SELECT ...)`.
Exists {
subquery: Box<Query>,
negated: bool,
},
/// A parenthesized subquery `(SELECT ...)`, used in expression like
/// `SELECT (subquery) AS x` or `WHERE (subquery) = x`
Subquery(Box<Query>),
/// The `GROUPING SETS` expr.
GroupingSets(Vec<Vec<Expr>>),
/// The `CUBE` expr.
Cube(Vec<Vec<Expr>>),
/// The `ROLLUP` expr.
Rollup(Vec<Vec<Expr>>),
/// ROW / TUPLE a single value, such as `SELECT (1, 2)`
Tuple(Vec<Expr>),
/// `BigQuery` specific `Struct` literal expression [1]
/// Syntax:
/// ```sql
/// STRUCT<[field_name] field_type, ...>( expr1 [, ... ])
/// ```
/// [1]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#struct_type
Struct {
/// Struct values.
values: Vec<Expr>,
/// Struct field definitions.
fields: Vec<StructField>,
},
/// `BigQuery` specific: An named expression in a typeless struct [1]
///
/// Syntax
/// ```sql
/// 1 AS A
/// ```
/// [1]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#struct_type
Named {
expr: Box<Expr>,
name: Ident,
},
/// `DuckDB` specific `Struct` literal expression [1]
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```sql
/// syntax: {'field_name': expr1[, ... ]}
/// ```
/// [1]: https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/data_types/struct#creating-structs
Dictionary(Vec<DictionaryField>),
/// `DuckDB` specific `Map` literal expression [1]
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```sql
/// syntax: Map {key1: value1[, ... ]}
/// ```
/// [1]: https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/data_types/map#creating-maps
Map(Map),
/// An access of nested data using subscript syntax, for example `array[2]`.
Subscript {
expr: Box<Expr>,
subscript: Box<Subscript>,
},
/// An array expression e.g. `ARRAY[1, 2]`
Array(Array),
/// An interval expression e.g. `INTERVAL '1' YEAR`
Interval(Interval),
/// `MySQL` specific text search function [(1)].
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```sql
/// MATCH (<col>, <col>, ...) AGAINST (<expr> [<search modifier>])
///
/// <col> = CompoundIdentifier
/// <expr> = String literal
/// ```
/// [(1)]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/fulltext-search.html#function_match
MatchAgainst {
/// `(<col>, <col>, ...)`.
columns: Vec<Ident>,
/// `<expr>`.
match_value: Value,
/// `<search modifier>`
opt_search_modifier: Option<SearchModifier>,
},
Wildcard,
/// Qualified wildcard, e.g. `alias.*` or `schema.table.*`.
/// (Same caveats apply to `QualifiedWildcard` as to `Wildcard`.)
QualifiedWildcard(ObjectName),
/// Some dialects support an older syntax for outer joins where columns are
/// marked with the `(+)` operator in the WHERE clause, for example:
///
/// ```sql
/// SELECT t1.c1, t2.c2 FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c2 (+)
/// ```
///
/// which is equivalent to
///
/// ```sql
/// SELECT t1.c1, t2.c2 FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON t1.c1 = t2.c2
/// ```
///
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/where#joins-in-the-where-clause>.
OuterJoin(Box<Expr>),
/// A reference to the prior level in a CONNECT BY clause.
Prior(Box<Expr>),
/// A lambda function.
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```plaintext
/// param -> expr | (param1, ...) -> expr
/// ```
///
/// See <https://docs.databricks.com/en/sql/language-manual/sql-ref-lambda-functions.html>.
Lambda(LambdaFunction),
}
/// The contents inside the `[` and `]` in a subscript expression.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum Subscript {
/// Accesses the element of the array at the given index.
Index { index: Expr },
/// Accesses a slice of an array on PostgreSQL, e.g.
///
/// ```plaintext
/// => select (array[1,2,3,4,5,6])[2:5];
/// -----------
/// {2,3,4,5}
/// ```
///
/// The lower and/or upper bound can be omitted to slice from the start or
/// end of the array respectively.
///
/// See <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/arrays.html#ARRAYS-ACCESSING>.
///
/// Also supports an optional "stride" as the last element (this is not
/// supported by postgres), e.g.
///
/// ```plaintext
/// => select (array[1,2,3,4,5,6])[1:6:2];
/// -----------
/// {1,3,5}
/// ```
Slice {
lower_bound: Option<Expr>,
upper_bound: Option<Expr>,
stride: Option<Expr>,
},
}
impl fmt::Display for Subscript {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Subscript::Index { index } => write!(f, "{index}"),
Subscript::Slice {
lower_bound,
upper_bound,
stride,
} => {
if let Some(lower) = lower_bound {
write!(f, "{lower}")?;
}
write!(f, ":")?;
if let Some(upper) = upper_bound {
write!(f, "{upper}")?;
}
if let Some(stride) = stride {
write!(f, ":")?;
write!(f, "{stride}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
}
}
/// A lambda function.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct LambdaFunction {
/// The parameters to the lambda function.
pub params: OneOrManyWithParens<Ident>,
/// The body of the lambda function.
pub body: Box<Expr>,
}
impl fmt::Display for LambdaFunction {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{} -> {}", self.params, self.body)
}
}
/// Encapsulates the common pattern in SQL where either one unparenthesized item
/// such as an identifier or expression is permitted, or multiple of the same
/// item in a parenthesized list. For accessing items regardless of the form,
/// `OneOrManyWithParens` implements `Deref<Target = [T]>` and `IntoIterator`,
/// so you can call slice methods on it and iterate over items
/// # Examples
/// Acessing as a slice:
/// ```
/// # use sqlparser::ast::OneOrManyWithParens;
/// let one = OneOrManyWithParens::One("a");
///
/// assert_eq!(one[0], "a");
/// assert_eq!(one.len(), 1);
/// ```
/// Iterating:
/// ```
/// # use sqlparser::ast::OneOrManyWithParens;
/// let one = OneOrManyWithParens::One("a");
/// let many = OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec!["a", "b"]);
///
/// assert_eq!(one.into_iter().chain(many).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec!["a", "a", "b"] );
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum OneOrManyWithParens<T> {
/// A single `T`, unparenthesized.
One(T),
/// One or more `T`s, parenthesized.
Many(Vec<T>),
}
impl<T> Deref for OneOrManyWithParens<T> {
type Target = [T];
fn deref(&self) -> &[T] {
match self {
OneOrManyWithParens::One(one) => core::slice::from_ref(one),
OneOrManyWithParens::Many(many) => many,
}
}
}
impl<T> AsRef<[T]> for OneOrManyWithParens<T> {
fn as_ref(&self) -> &[T] {
self
}
}
impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a OneOrManyWithParens<T> {
type Item = &'a T;
type IntoIter = core::slice::Iter<'a, T>;
fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
self.iter()
}
}
/// Owned iterator implementation of `OneOrManyWithParens`
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct OneOrManyWithParensIntoIter<T> {
inner: OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner<T>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
enum OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner<T> {
One(core::iter::Once<T>),
Many(<Vec<T> as IntoIterator>::IntoIter),
}
impl<T> core::iter::FusedIterator for OneOrManyWithParensIntoIter<T>
where
core::iter::Once<T>: core::iter::FusedIterator,
<Vec<T> as IntoIterator>::IntoIter: core::iter::FusedIterator,
{
}
impl<T> core::iter::ExactSizeIterator for OneOrManyWithParensIntoIter<T>
where
core::iter::Once<T>: core::iter::ExactSizeIterator,
<Vec<T> as IntoIterator>::IntoIter: core::iter::ExactSizeIterator,
{
}
impl<T> core::iter::Iterator for OneOrManyWithParensIntoIter<T> {
type Item = T;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
match &mut self.inner {
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::One(one) => one.next(),
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::Many(many) => many.next(),
}
}
fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
match &self.inner {
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::One(one) => one.size_hint(),
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::Many(many) => many.size_hint(),
}
}
fn count(self) -> usize
where
Self: Sized,
{
match self.inner {
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::One(one) => one.count(),
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::Many(many) => many.count(),
}
}
fn fold<B, F>(mut self, init: B, f: F) -> B
where
Self: Sized,
F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,
{
match &mut self.inner {
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::One(one) => one.fold(init, f),
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::Many(many) => many.fold(init, f),
}
}
}
impl<T> core::iter::DoubleEndedIterator for OneOrManyWithParensIntoIter<T> {
fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
match &mut self.inner {
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::One(one) => one.next_back(),
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::Many(many) => many.next_back(),
}
}
}
impl<T> IntoIterator for OneOrManyWithParens<T> {
type Item = T;
type IntoIter = OneOrManyWithParensIntoIter<T>;
fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
let inner = match self {
OneOrManyWithParens::One(one) => {
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::One(core::iter::once(one))
}
OneOrManyWithParens::Many(many) => {
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIterInner::Many(many.into_iter())
}
};
OneOrManyWithParensIntoIter { inner }
}
}
impl<T> fmt::Display for OneOrManyWithParens<T>
where
T: fmt::Display,
{
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
OneOrManyWithParens::One(value) => write!(f, "{value}"),
OneOrManyWithParens::Many(values) => {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(values))
}
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for CastFormat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
CastFormat::Value(v) => write!(f, "{v}"),
CastFormat::ValueAtTimeZone(v, tz) => write!(f, "{v} AT TIME ZONE {tz}"),
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Expr {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Expr::Identifier(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
Expr::MapAccess { column, keys } => {
write!(f, "{column}{}", display_separated(keys, ""))
}
Expr::Wildcard => f.write_str("*"),
Expr::QualifiedWildcard(prefix) => write!(f, "{}.*", prefix),
Expr::CompoundIdentifier(s) => write!(f, "{}", display_separated(s, ".")),
Expr::IsTrue(ast) => write!(f, "{ast} IS TRUE"),
Expr::IsNotTrue(ast) => write!(f, "{ast} IS NOT TRUE"),
Expr::IsFalse(ast) => write!(f, "{ast} IS FALSE"),
Expr::IsNotFalse(ast) => write!(f, "{ast} IS NOT FALSE"),
Expr::IsNull(ast) => write!(f, "{ast} IS NULL"),
Expr::IsNotNull(ast) => write!(f, "{ast} IS NOT NULL"),
Expr::IsUnknown(ast) => write!(f, "{ast} IS UNKNOWN"),
Expr::IsNotUnknown(ast) => write!(f, "{ast} IS NOT UNKNOWN"),
Expr::InList {
expr,
list,
negated,
} => write!(
f,
"{} {}IN ({})",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
display_comma_separated(list)
),
Expr::InSubquery {
expr,
subquery,
negated,
} => write!(
f,
"{} {}IN ({})",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
subquery
),
Expr::InUnnest {
expr,
array_expr,
negated,
} => write!(
f,
"{} {}IN UNNEST({})",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
array_expr
),
Expr::Between {
expr,
negated,
low,
high,
} => write!(
f,
"{} {}BETWEEN {} AND {}",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
low,
high
),
Expr::BinaryOp { left, op, right } => write!(f, "{left} {op} {right}"),
Expr::Like {
negated,
expr,
pattern,
escape_char,
any,
} => match escape_char {
Some(ch) => write!(
f,
"{} {}LIKE {}{} ESCAPE '{}'",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
if *any { "ANY " } else { "" },
pattern,
ch
),
_ => write!(
f,
"{} {}LIKE {}{}",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
if *any { "ANY " } else { "" },
pattern
),
},
Expr::ILike {
negated,
expr,
pattern,
escape_char,
any,
} => match escape_char {
Some(ch) => write!(
f,
"{} {}ILIKE {}{} ESCAPE '{}'",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
if *any { "ANY" } else { "" },
pattern,
ch
),
_ => write!(
f,
"{} {}ILIKE {}{}",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
if *any { "ANY " } else { "" },
pattern
),
},
Expr::RLike {
negated,
expr,
pattern,
regexp,
} => write!(
f,
"{} {}{} {}",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
if *regexp { "REGEXP" } else { "RLIKE" },
pattern
),
Expr::SimilarTo {
negated,
expr,
pattern,
escape_char,
} => match escape_char {
Some(ch) => write!(
f,
"{} {}SIMILAR TO {} ESCAPE '{}'",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
pattern,
ch
),
_ => write!(
f,
"{} {}SIMILAR TO {}",
expr,
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
pattern
),
},
Expr::AnyOp {
left,
compare_op,
right,
is_some,
} => {
let add_parens = !matches!(right.as_ref(), Expr::Subquery(_));
write!(
f,
"{left} {compare_op} {}{}{right}{}",
if *is_some { "SOME" } else { "ANY" },
if add_parens { "(" } else { "" },
if add_parens { ")" } else { "" },
)
}
Expr::AllOp {
left,
compare_op,
right,
} => {
let add_parens = !matches!(right.as_ref(), Expr::Subquery(_));
write!(
f,
"{left} {compare_op} ALL{}{right}{}",
if add_parens { "(" } else { "" },
if add_parens { ")" } else { "" },
)
}
Expr::UnaryOp { op, expr } => {
if op == &UnaryOperator::PGPostfixFactorial {
write!(f, "{expr}{op}")
} else if op == &UnaryOperator::Not {
write!(f, "{op} {expr}")
} else {
write!(f, "{op}{expr}")
}
}
Expr::Convert {
is_try,
expr,
target_before_value,
data_type,
charset,
styles,
} => {
write!(f, "{}CONVERT(", if *is_try { "TRY_" } else { "" })?;
if let Some(data_type) = data_type {
if let Some(charset) = charset {
write!(f, "{expr}, {data_type} CHARACTER SET {charset}")
} else if *target_before_value {
write!(f, "{data_type}, {expr}")
} else {
write!(f, "{expr}, {data_type}")
}
} else if let Some(charset) = charset {
write!(f, "{expr} USING {charset}")
} else {
write!(f, "{expr}") // This should never happen
}?;
if !styles.is_empty() {
write!(f, ", {}", display_comma_separated(styles))?;
}
write!(f, ")")
}
Expr::Cast {
kind,
expr,
data_type,
format,
} => match kind {
CastKind::Cast => {
if let Some(format) = format {
write!(f, "CAST({expr} AS {data_type} FORMAT {format})")
} else {
write!(f, "CAST({expr} AS {data_type})")
}
}
CastKind::TryCast => {
if let Some(format) = format {
write!(f, "TRY_CAST({expr} AS {data_type} FORMAT {format})")
} else {
write!(f, "TRY_CAST({expr} AS {data_type})")
}
}
CastKind::SafeCast => {
if let Some(format) = format {
write!(f, "SAFE_CAST({expr} AS {data_type} FORMAT {format})")
} else {
write!(f, "SAFE_CAST({expr} AS {data_type})")
}
}
CastKind::DoubleColon => {
write!(f, "{expr}::{data_type}")
}
},
Expr::Extract {
field,
syntax,
expr,
} => match syntax {
ExtractSyntax::From => write!(f, "EXTRACT({field} FROM {expr})"),
ExtractSyntax::Comma => write!(f, "EXTRACT({field}, {expr})"),
},
Expr::Ceil { expr, field } => match field {
CeilFloorKind::DateTimeField(DateTimeField::NoDateTime) => {
write!(f, "CEIL({expr})")
}
CeilFloorKind::DateTimeField(dt_field) => write!(f, "CEIL({expr} TO {dt_field})"),
CeilFloorKind::Scale(s) => write!(f, "CEIL({expr}, {s})"),
},
Expr::Floor { expr, field } => match field {
CeilFloorKind::DateTimeField(DateTimeField::NoDateTime) => {
write!(f, "FLOOR({expr})")
}
CeilFloorKind::DateTimeField(dt_field) => write!(f, "FLOOR({expr} TO {dt_field})"),
CeilFloorKind::Scale(s) => write!(f, "FLOOR({expr}, {s})"),
},
Expr::Position { expr, r#in } => write!(f, "POSITION({expr} IN {in})"),
Expr::Collate { expr, collation } => write!(f, "{expr} COLLATE {collation}"),
Expr::Nested(ast) => write!(f, "({ast})"),
Expr::Value(v) => write!(f, "{v}"),
Expr::IntroducedString { introducer, value } => write!(f, "{introducer} {value}"),
Expr::TypedString { data_type, value } => {
write!(f, "{data_type}")?;
write!(f, " '{}'", &value::escape_single_quote_string(value))
}
Expr::Function(fun) => write!(f, "{fun}"),
Expr::Case {
operand,
conditions,
results,
else_result,
} => {
write!(f, "CASE")?;
if let Some(operand) = operand {
write!(f, " {operand}")?;
}
for (c, r) in conditions.iter().zip(results) {
write!(f, " WHEN {c} THEN {r}")?;
}
if let Some(else_result) = else_result {
write!(f, " ELSE {else_result}")?;
}
write!(f, " END")
}
Expr::Exists { subquery, negated } => write!(
f,
"{}EXISTS ({})",
if *negated { "NOT " } else { "" },
subquery
),
Expr::Subquery(s) => write!(f, "({s})"),
Expr::GroupingSets(sets) => {
write!(f, "GROUPING SETS (")?;
let mut sep = "";
for set in sets {
write!(f, "{sep}")?;
sep = ", ";
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(set))?;
}
write!(f, ")")
}
Expr::Cube(sets) => {
write!(f, "CUBE (")?;
let mut sep = "";
for set in sets {
write!(f, "{sep}")?;
sep = ", ";
if set.len() == 1 {
write!(f, "{}", set[0])?;
} else {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(set))?;
}
}
write!(f, ")")
}
Expr::Rollup(sets) => {
write!(f, "ROLLUP (")?;
let mut sep = "";
for set in sets {
write!(f, "{sep}")?;
sep = ", ";
if set.len() == 1 {
write!(f, "{}", set[0])?;
} else {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(set))?;
}
}
write!(f, ")")
}
Expr::Substring {
expr,
substring_from,
substring_for,
special,
} => {
write!(f, "SUBSTRING({expr}")?;
if let Some(from_part) = substring_from {
if *special {
write!(f, ", {from_part}")?;
} else {
write!(f, " FROM {from_part}")?;
}
}
if let Some(for_part) = substring_for {
if *special {
write!(f, ", {for_part}")?;
} else {
write!(f, " FOR {for_part}")?;
}
}
write!(f, ")")
}
Expr::Overlay {
expr,
overlay_what,
overlay_from,
overlay_for,
} => {
write!(
f,
"OVERLAY({expr} PLACING {overlay_what} FROM {overlay_from}"
)?;
if let Some(for_part) = overlay_for {
write!(f, " FOR {for_part}")?;
}
write!(f, ")")
}
Expr::IsDistinctFrom(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} IS DISTINCT FROM {b}"),
Expr::IsNotDistinctFrom(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} IS NOT DISTINCT FROM {b}"),
Expr::Trim {
expr,
trim_where,
trim_what,
trim_characters,
} => {
write!(f, "TRIM(")?;
if let Some(ident) = trim_where {
write!(f, "{ident} ")?;
}
if let Some(trim_char) = trim_what {
write!(f, "{trim_char} FROM {expr}")?;
} else {
write!(f, "{expr}")?;
}
if let Some(characters) = trim_characters {
write!(f, ", {}", display_comma_separated(characters))?;
}
write!(f, ")")
}
Expr::Tuple(exprs) => {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(exprs))
}
Expr::Struct { values, fields } => {
if !fields.is_empty() {
write!(
f,
"STRUCT<{}>({})",
display_comma_separated(fields),
display_comma_separated(values)
)
} else {
write!(f, "STRUCT({})", display_comma_separated(values))
}
}
Expr::Named { expr, name } => {
write!(f, "{} AS {}", expr, name)
}
Expr::Dictionary(fields) => {
write!(f, "{{{}}}", display_comma_separated(fields))
}
Expr::Map(map) => {
write!(f, "{map}")
}
Expr::Subscript {
expr,
subscript: key,
} => {
write!(f, "{expr}[{key}]")
}
Expr::Array(set) => {
write!(f, "{set}")
}
Expr::JsonAccess { value, path } => {
write!(f, "{value}{path}")
}
Expr::CompositeAccess { expr, key } => {
write!(f, "{expr}.{key}")
}
Expr::AtTimeZone {
timestamp,
time_zone,
} => {
write!(f, "{timestamp} AT TIME ZONE {time_zone}")
}
Expr::Interval(interval) => {
write!(f, "{interval}")
}
Expr::MatchAgainst {
columns,
match_value: match_expr,
opt_search_modifier,
} => {
write!(f, "MATCH ({}) AGAINST ", display_comma_separated(columns),)?;
if let Some(search_modifier) = opt_search_modifier {
write!(f, "({match_expr} {search_modifier})")?;
} else {
write!(f, "({match_expr})")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Expr::OuterJoin(expr) => {
write!(f, "{expr} (+)")
}
Expr::Prior(expr) => write!(f, "PRIOR {expr}"),
Expr::Lambda(lambda) => write!(f, "{lambda}"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum WindowType {
WindowSpec(WindowSpec),
NamedWindow(Ident),
}
impl Display for WindowType {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
WindowType::WindowSpec(spec) => write!(f, "({})", spec),
WindowType::NamedWindow(name) => write!(f, "{}", name),
}
}
}
/// A window specification (i.e. `OVER ([window_name] PARTITION BY .. ORDER BY .. etc.)`)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct WindowSpec {
/// Optional window name.
///
/// You can find it at least in [MySQL][1], [BigQuery][2], [PostgreSQL][3]
///
/// [1]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/window-functions-named-windows.html
/// [2]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/window-function-calls
/// [3]: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-WINDOW-FUNCTIONS
pub window_name: Option<Ident>,
/// `OVER (PARTITION BY ...)`
pub partition_by: Vec<Expr>,
/// `OVER (ORDER BY ...)`
pub order_by: Vec<OrderByExpr>,
/// `OVER (window frame)`
pub window_frame: Option<WindowFrame>,
}
impl fmt::Display for WindowSpec {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
let mut delim = "";
if let Some(window_name) = &self.window_name {
delim = " ";
write!(f, "{window_name}")?;
}
if !self.partition_by.is_empty() {
f.write_str(delim)?;
delim = " ";
write!(
f,
"PARTITION BY {}",
display_comma_separated(&self.partition_by)
)?;
}
if !self.order_by.is_empty() {
f.write_str(delim)?;
delim = " ";
write!(f, "ORDER BY {}", display_comma_separated(&self.order_by))?;
}
if let Some(window_frame) = &self.window_frame {
f.write_str(delim)?;
if let Some(end_bound) = &window_frame.end_bound {
write!(
f,
"{} BETWEEN {} AND {}",
window_frame.units, window_frame.start_bound, end_bound
)?;
} else {
write!(f, "{} {}", window_frame.units, window_frame.start_bound)?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// Specifies the data processed by a window function, e.g.
/// `RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING` or `ROWS BETWEEN 5 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW`.
///
/// Note: The parser does not validate the specified bounds; the caller should
/// reject invalid bounds like `ROWS UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING` before execution.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct WindowFrame {
pub units: WindowFrameUnits,
pub start_bound: WindowFrameBound,
/// The right bound of the `BETWEEN .. AND` clause. The end bound of `None`
/// indicates the shorthand form (e.g. `ROWS 1 PRECEDING`), which must
/// behave the same as `end_bound = WindowFrameBound::CurrentRow`.
pub end_bound: Option<WindowFrameBound>,
// TBD: EXCLUDE
}
impl Default for WindowFrame {
/// Returns default value for window frame
///
/// See [this page](https://www.sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html#frame_specifications) for more details.
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
units: WindowFrameUnits::Range,
start_bound: WindowFrameBound::Preceding(None),
end_bound: None,
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum WindowFrameUnits {
Rows,
Range,
Groups,
}
impl fmt::Display for WindowFrameUnits {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(match self {
WindowFrameUnits::Rows => "ROWS",
WindowFrameUnits::Range => "RANGE",
WindowFrameUnits::Groups => "GROUPS",
})
}
}
/// Specifies Ignore / Respect NULL within window functions.
/// For example
/// `FIRST_VALUE(column2) IGNORE NULLS OVER (PARTITION BY column1)`
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum NullTreatment {
IgnoreNulls,
RespectNulls,
}
impl fmt::Display for NullTreatment {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(match self {
NullTreatment::IgnoreNulls => "IGNORE NULLS",
NullTreatment::RespectNulls => "RESPECT NULLS",
})
}
}
/// Specifies [WindowFrame]'s `start_bound` and `end_bound`
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum WindowFrameBound {
/// `CURRENT ROW`
CurrentRow,
/// `<N> PRECEDING` or `UNBOUNDED PRECEDING`
Preceding(Option<Box<Expr>>),
/// `<N> FOLLOWING` or `UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING`.
Following(Option<Box<Expr>>),
}
impl fmt::Display for WindowFrameBound {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
WindowFrameBound::CurrentRow => f.write_str("CURRENT ROW"),
WindowFrameBound::Preceding(None) => f.write_str("UNBOUNDED PRECEDING"),
WindowFrameBound::Following(None) => f.write_str("UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING"),
WindowFrameBound::Preceding(Some(n)) => write!(f, "{n} PRECEDING"),
WindowFrameBound::Following(Some(n)) => write!(f, "{n} FOLLOWING"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum AddDropSync {
ADD,
DROP,
SYNC,
}
impl fmt::Display for AddDropSync {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
AddDropSync::SYNC => f.write_str("SYNC PARTITIONS"),
AddDropSync::DROP => f.write_str("DROP PARTITIONS"),
AddDropSync::ADD => f.write_str("ADD PARTITIONS"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ShowCreateObject {
Event,
Function,
Procedure,
Table,
Trigger,
View,
}
impl fmt::Display for ShowCreateObject {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
ShowCreateObject::Event => f.write_str("EVENT"),
ShowCreateObject::Function => f.write_str("FUNCTION"),
ShowCreateObject::Procedure => f.write_str("PROCEDURE"),
ShowCreateObject::Table => f.write_str("TABLE"),
ShowCreateObject::Trigger => f.write_str("TRIGGER"),
ShowCreateObject::View => f.write_str("VIEW"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CommentObject {
Column,
Table,
Extension,
}
impl fmt::Display for CommentObject {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
CommentObject::Column => f.write_str("COLUMN"),
CommentObject::Table => f.write_str("TABLE"),
CommentObject::Extension => f.write_str("EXTENSION"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum Password {
Password(Expr),
NullPassword,
}
/// Represents an expression assignment within a variable `DECLARE` statement.
///
/// Examples:
/// ```sql
/// DECLARE variable_name := 42
/// DECLARE variable_name DEFAULT 42
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum DeclareAssignment {
/// Plain expression specified.
Expr(Box<Expr>),
/// Expression assigned via the `DEFAULT` keyword
Default(Box<Expr>),
/// Expression assigned via the `:=` syntax
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// DECLARE variable_name := 42;
/// ```
DuckAssignment(Box<Expr>),
/// Expression via the `FOR` keyword
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR res
/// ```
For(Box<Expr>),
/// Expression via the `=` syntax.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// DECLARE @variable AS INT = 100
/// ```
MsSqlAssignment(Box<Expr>),
}
impl fmt::Display for DeclareAssignment {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
DeclareAssignment::Expr(expr) => {
write!(f, "{expr}")
}
DeclareAssignment::Default(expr) => {
write!(f, "DEFAULT {expr}")
}
DeclareAssignment::DuckAssignment(expr) => {
write!(f, ":= {expr}")
}
DeclareAssignment::MsSqlAssignment(expr) => {
write!(f, "= {expr}")
}
DeclareAssignment::For(expr) => {
write!(f, "FOR {expr}")
}
}
}
}
/// Represents the type of a `DECLARE` statement.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum DeclareType {
/// Cursor variable type. e.g. [Snowflake] [Postgres]
///
/// [Snowflake]: https://docs.snowflake.com/en/developer-guide/snowflake-scripting/cursors#declaring-a-cursor
/// [Postgres]: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/plpgsql-cursors.html
Cursor,
/// Result set variable type. [Snowflake]
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```text
/// <resultset_name> RESULTSET [ { DEFAULT | := } ( <query> ) ] ;
/// ```
/// [Snowflake]: https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/snowflake-scripting/declare#resultset-declaration-syntax
ResultSet,
/// Exception declaration syntax. [Snowflake]
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```text
/// <exception_name> EXCEPTION [ ( <exception_number> , '<exception_message>' ) ] ;
/// ```
/// [Snowflake]: https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/snowflake-scripting/declare#exception-declaration-syntax
Exception,
}
impl fmt::Display for DeclareType {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
DeclareType::Cursor => {
write!(f, "CURSOR")
}
DeclareType::ResultSet => {
write!(f, "RESULTSET")
}
DeclareType::Exception => {
write!(f, "EXCEPTION")
}
}
}
}
/// A `DECLARE` statement.
/// [Postgres] [Snowflake] [BigQuery]
///
/// Examples:
/// ```sql
/// DECLARE variable_name := 42
/// DECLARE liahona CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM films;
/// ```
///
/// [Postgres]: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-declare.html
/// [Snowflake]: https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/snowflake-scripting/declare
/// [BigQuery]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/procedural-language#declare
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct Declare {
/// The name(s) being declared.
/// Example: `DECLARE a, b, c DEFAULT 42;
pub names: Vec<Ident>,
/// Data-type assigned to the declared variable.
/// Example: `DECLARE x INT64 DEFAULT 42;
pub data_type: Option<DataType>,
/// Expression being assigned to the declared variable.
pub assignment: Option<DeclareAssignment>,
/// Represents the type of the declared variable.
pub declare_type: Option<DeclareType>,
/// Causes the cursor to return data in binary rather than in text format.
pub binary: Option<bool>,
/// None = Not specified
/// Some(true) = INSENSITIVE
/// Some(false) = ASENSITIVE
pub sensitive: Option<bool>,
/// None = Not specified
/// Some(true) = SCROLL
/// Some(false) = NO SCROLL
pub scroll: Option<bool>,
/// None = Not specified
/// Some(true) = WITH HOLD, specifies that the cursor can continue to be used after the transaction that created it successfully commits
/// Some(false) = WITHOUT HOLD, specifies that the cursor cannot be used outside of the transaction that created it
pub hold: Option<bool>,
/// `FOR <query>` clause in a CURSOR declaration.
pub for_query: Option<Box<Query>>,
}
impl fmt::Display for Declare {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
let Declare {
names,
data_type,
assignment,
declare_type,
binary,
sensitive,
scroll,
hold,
for_query,
} = self;
write!(f, "{}", display_comma_separated(names))?;
if let Some(true) = binary {
write!(f, " BINARY")?;
}
if let Some(sensitive) = sensitive {
if *sensitive {
write!(f, " INSENSITIVE")?;
} else {
write!(f, " ASENSITIVE")?;
}
}
if let Some(scroll) = scroll {
if *scroll {
write!(f, " SCROLL")?;
} else {
write!(f, " NO SCROLL")?;
}
}
if let Some(declare_type) = declare_type {
write!(f, " {declare_type}")?;
}
if let Some(hold) = hold {
if *hold {
write!(f, " WITH HOLD")?;
} else {
write!(f, " WITHOUT HOLD")?;
}
}
if let Some(query) = for_query {
write!(f, " FOR {query}")?;
}
if let Some(data_type) = data_type {
write!(f, " {data_type}")?;
}
if let Some(expr) = assignment {
write!(f, " {expr}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// Sql options of a `CREATE TABLE` statement.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CreateTableOptions {
None,
/// Options specified using the `WITH` keyword.
/// e.g. `WITH (description = "123")`
///
/// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html>
///
/// MSSQL supports more specific options that's not only key-value pairs.
///
/// WITH (
/// DISTRIBUTION = ROUND_ROBIN,
/// CLUSTERED INDEX (column_a DESC, column_b)
/// )
///
/// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-table-azure-sql-data-warehouse?view=aps-pdw-2016-au7#syntax>
With(Vec<SqlOption>),
/// Options specified using the `OPTIONS` keyword.
/// e.g. `OPTIONS(description = "123")`
///
/// <https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#table_option_list>
Options(Vec<SqlOption>),
}
impl fmt::Display for CreateTableOptions {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
CreateTableOptions::With(with_options) => {
write!(f, "WITH ({})", display_comma_separated(with_options))
}
CreateTableOptions::Options(options) => {
write!(f, "OPTIONS({})", display_comma_separated(options))
}
CreateTableOptions::None => Ok(()),
}
}
}
/// A `FROM` clause within a `DELETE` statement.
///
/// Syntax
/// ```sql
/// [FROM] table
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FromTable {
/// An explicit `FROM` keyword was specified.
WithFromKeyword(Vec<TableWithJoins>),
/// BigQuery: `FROM` keyword was omitted.
/// <https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#delete_statement>
WithoutKeyword(Vec<TableWithJoins>),
}
impl Display for FromTable {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FromTable::WithFromKeyword(tables) => {
write!(f, "FROM {}", display_comma_separated(tables))
}
FromTable::WithoutKeyword(tables) => {
write!(f, "{}", display_comma_separated(tables))
}
}
}
}
/// Policy type for a `CREATE POLICY` statement.
/// ```sql
/// AS [ PERMISSIVE | RESTRICTIVE ]
/// ```
/// [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createpolicy.html)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CreatePolicyType {
Permissive,
Restrictive,
}
/// Policy command for a `CREATE POLICY` statement.
/// ```sql
/// FOR [ALL | SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE]
/// ```
/// [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createpolicy.html)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CreatePolicyCommand {
All,
Select,
Insert,
Update,
Delete,
}
/// A top-level statement (SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, etc.)
#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(
feature = "visitor",
derive(Visit, VisitMut),
visit(with = "visit_statement")
)]
pub enum Statement {
/// ```sql
/// ANALYZE
/// ```
/// Analyze (Hive)
Analyze {
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
table_name: ObjectName,
partitions: Option<Vec<Expr>>,
for_columns: bool,
columns: Vec<Ident>,
cache_metadata: bool,
noscan: bool,
compute_statistics: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// TRUNCATE
/// ```
/// Truncate (Hive)
Truncate {
table_names: Vec<TruncateTableTarget>,
partitions: Option<Vec<Expr>>,
/// TABLE - optional keyword;
table: bool,
/// Postgres-specific option
/// [ TRUNCATE TABLE ONLY ]
only: bool,
/// Postgres-specific option
/// [ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ]
identity: Option<TruncateIdentityOption>,
/// Postgres-specific option
/// [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
cascade: Option<TruncateCascadeOption>,
/// ClickHouse-specific option
/// [ ON CLUSTER cluster_name ]
///
/// [ClickHouse](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/truncate/)
on_cluster: Option<Ident>,
},
/// ```sql
/// MSCK
/// ```
/// Msck (Hive)
Msck {
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
table_name: ObjectName,
repair: bool,
partition_action: Option<AddDropSync>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SELECT
/// ```
Query(Box<Query>),
/// ```sql
/// INSERT
/// ```
Insert(Insert),
/// ```sql
/// INSTALL
/// ```
Install {
/// Only for DuckDB
extension_name: Ident,
},
/// ```sql
/// LOAD
/// ```
Load {
/// Only for DuckDB
extension_name: Ident,
},
// TODO: Support ROW FORMAT
Directory {
overwrite: bool,
local: bool,
path: String,
file_format: Option<FileFormat>,
source: Box<Query>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CALL <function>
/// ```
Call(Function),
/// ```sql
/// COPY [TO | FROM] ...
/// ```
Copy {
/// The source of 'COPY TO', or the target of 'COPY FROM'
source: CopySource,
/// If true, is a 'COPY TO' statement. If false is a 'COPY FROM'
to: bool,
/// The target of 'COPY TO', or the source of 'COPY FROM'
target: CopyTarget,
/// WITH options (from PostgreSQL version 9.0)
options: Vec<CopyOption>,
/// WITH options (before PostgreSQL version 9.0)
legacy_options: Vec<CopyLegacyOption>,
/// VALUES a vector of values to be copied
values: Vec<Option<String>>,
},
/// ```sql
/// COPY INTO
/// ```
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/copy-into-table>
/// Copy Into syntax available for Snowflake is different than the one implemented in
/// Postgres. Although they share common prefix, it is reasonable to implement them
/// in different enums. This can be refactored later once custom dialects
/// are allowed to have custom Statements.
CopyIntoSnowflake {
into: ObjectName,
from_stage: ObjectName,
from_stage_alias: Option<Ident>,
stage_params: StageParamsObject,
from_transformations: Option<Vec<StageLoadSelectItem>>,
files: Option<Vec<String>>,
pattern: Option<String>,
file_format: DataLoadingOptions,
copy_options: DataLoadingOptions,
validation_mode: Option<String>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CLOSE
/// ```
/// Closes the portal underlying an open cursor.
Close {
/// Cursor name
cursor: CloseCursor,
},
/// ```sql
/// UPDATE
/// ```
Update {
/// TABLE
table: TableWithJoins,
/// Column assignments
assignments: Vec<Assignment>,
/// Table which provide value to be set
from: Option<TableWithJoins>,
/// WHERE
selection: Option<Expr>,
/// RETURNING
returning: Option<Vec<SelectItem>>,
},
/// ```sql
/// DELETE
/// ```
Delete(Delete),
/// ```sql
/// CREATE VIEW
/// ```
CreateView {
or_replace: bool,
materialized: bool,
/// View name
name: ObjectName,
columns: Vec<ViewColumnDef>,
query: Box<Query>,
options: CreateTableOptions,
cluster_by: Vec<Ident>,
/// Snowflake: Views can have comments in Snowflake.
/// <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-view#syntax>
comment: Option<String>,
/// if true, has RedShift [`WITH NO SCHEMA BINDING`] clause <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_CREATE_VIEW.html>
with_no_schema_binding: bool,
/// if true, has SQLite `IF NOT EXISTS` clause <https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createview.html>
if_not_exists: bool,
/// if true, has SQLite `TEMP` or `TEMPORARY` clause <https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createview.html>
temporary: bool,
/// if not None, has Clickhouse `TO` clause, specify the table into which to insert results
/// <https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/create/view#materialized-view>
to: Option<ObjectName>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE TABLE
/// ```
CreateTable(CreateTable),
/// ```sql
/// CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE .. USING <module_name> (<module_args>)`
/// ```
/// Sqlite specific statement
CreateVirtualTable {
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
name: ObjectName,
if_not_exists: bool,
module_name: Ident,
module_args: Vec<Ident>,
},
/// ```sql
/// `CREATE INDEX`
/// ```
CreateIndex(CreateIndex),
/// ```sql
/// CREATE ROLE
/// ```
/// See [postgres](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createrole.html)
CreateRole {
names: Vec<ObjectName>,
if_not_exists: bool,
// Postgres
login: Option<bool>,
inherit: Option<bool>,
bypassrls: Option<bool>,
password: Option<Password>,
superuser: Option<bool>,
create_db: Option<bool>,
create_role: Option<bool>,
replication: Option<bool>,
connection_limit: Option<Expr>,
valid_until: Option<Expr>,
in_role: Vec<Ident>,
in_group: Vec<Ident>,
role: Vec<Ident>,
user: Vec<Ident>,
admin: Vec<Ident>,
// MSSQL
authorization_owner: Option<ObjectName>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE SECRET
/// ```
/// See [duckdb](https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/create_secret.html)
CreateSecret {
or_replace: bool,
temporary: Option<bool>,
if_not_exists: bool,
name: Option<Ident>,
storage_specifier: Option<Ident>,
secret_type: Ident,
options: Vec<SecretOption>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE POLICY
/// ```
/// See [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createpolicy.html)
CreatePolicy {
name: Ident,
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
table_name: ObjectName,
policy_type: Option<CreatePolicyType>,
command: Option<CreatePolicyCommand>,
to: Option<Vec<Owner>>,
using: Option<Expr>,
with_check: Option<Expr>,
},
/// ```sql
/// ALTER TABLE
/// ```
AlterTable {
/// Table name
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
name: ObjectName,
if_exists: bool,
only: bool,
operations: Vec<AlterTableOperation>,
location: Option<HiveSetLocation>,
/// ClickHouse dialect supports `ON CLUSTER` clause for ALTER TABLE
/// For example: `ALTER TABLE table_name ON CLUSTER cluster_name ADD COLUMN c UInt32`
/// [ClickHouse](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/update)
on_cluster: Option<Ident>,
},
/// ```sql
/// ALTER INDEX
/// ```
AlterIndex {
name: ObjectName,
operation: AlterIndexOperation,
},
/// ```sql
/// ALTER VIEW
/// ```
AlterView {
/// View name
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
name: ObjectName,
columns: Vec<Ident>,
query: Box<Query>,
with_options: Vec<SqlOption>,
},
/// ```sql
/// ALTER ROLE
/// ```
AlterRole {
name: Ident,
operation: AlterRoleOperation,
},
/// ```sql
/// ALTER POLICY <NAME> ON <TABLE NAME> [<OPERATION>]
/// ```
/// (Postgresql-specific)
AlterPolicy {
name: Ident,
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
table_name: ObjectName,
operation: AlterPolicyOperation,
},
/// ```sql
/// ATTACH DATABASE 'path/to/file' AS alias
/// ```
/// (SQLite-specific)
AttachDatabase {
/// The name to bind to the newly attached database
schema_name: Ident,
/// An expression that indicates the path to the database file
database_file_name: Expr,
/// true if the syntax is 'ATTACH DATABASE', false if it's just 'ATTACH'
database: bool,
},
/// (DuckDB-specific)
/// ```sql
/// ATTACH 'sqlite_file.db' AS sqlite_db (READ_ONLY, TYPE SQLITE);
/// ```
/// See <https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/attach.html>
AttachDuckDBDatabase {
if_not_exists: bool,
/// true if the syntax is 'ATTACH DATABASE', false if it's just 'ATTACH'
database: bool,
/// An expression that indicates the path to the database file
database_path: Ident,
database_alias: Option<Ident>,
attach_options: Vec<AttachDuckDBDatabaseOption>,
},
/// (DuckDB-specific)
/// ```sql
/// DETACH db_alias;
/// ```
/// See <https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/attach.html>
DetachDuckDBDatabase {
if_exists: bool,
/// true if the syntax is 'DETACH DATABASE', false if it's just 'DETACH'
database: bool,
database_alias: Ident,
},
/// ```sql
/// DROP [TABLE, VIEW, ...]
/// ```
Drop {
/// The type of the object to drop: TABLE, VIEW, etc.
object_type: ObjectType,
/// An optional `IF EXISTS` clause. (Non-standard.)
if_exists: bool,
/// One or more objects to drop. (ANSI SQL requires exactly one.)
names: Vec<ObjectName>,
/// Whether `CASCADE` was specified. This will be `false` when
/// `RESTRICT` or no drop behavior at all was specified.
cascade: bool,
/// Whether `RESTRICT` was specified. This will be `false` when
/// `CASCADE` or no drop behavior at all was specified.
restrict: bool,
/// Hive allows you specify whether the table's stored data will be
/// deleted along with the dropped table
purge: bool,
/// MySQL-specific "TEMPORARY" keyword
temporary: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// DROP FUNCTION
/// ```
DropFunction {
if_exists: bool,
/// One or more function to drop
func_desc: Vec<FunctionDesc>,
/// `CASCADE` or `RESTRICT`
option: Option<ReferentialAction>,
},
/// ```sql
/// DROP PROCEDURE
/// ```
DropProcedure {
if_exists: bool,
/// One or more function to drop
proc_desc: Vec<FunctionDesc>,
/// `CASCADE` or `RESTRICT`
option: Option<ReferentialAction>,
},
/// ```sql
/// DROP SECRET
/// ```
DropSecret {
if_exists: bool,
temporary: Option<bool>,
name: Ident,
storage_specifier: Option<Ident>,
},
///```sql
/// DROP POLICY
/// ```
/// See [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-droppolicy.html)
DropPolicy {
if_exists: bool,
name: Ident,
table_name: ObjectName,
option: Option<ReferentialAction>,
},
/// ```sql
/// DECLARE
/// ```
/// Declare Cursor Variables
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statement,
/// but may also compatible with other SQL.
Declare { stmts: Vec<Declare> },
/// ```sql
/// CREATE EXTENSION [ IF NOT EXISTS ] extension_name
/// [ WITH ] [ SCHEMA schema_name ]
/// [ VERSION version ]
/// [ CASCADE ]
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statement,
CreateExtension {
name: Ident,
if_not_exists: bool,
cascade: bool,
schema: Option<Ident>,
version: Option<Ident>,
},
/// ```sql
/// FETCH
/// ```
/// Retrieve rows from a query using a cursor
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statement,
/// but may also compatible with other SQL.
Fetch {
/// Cursor name
name: Ident,
direction: FetchDirection,
/// Optional, It's possible to fetch rows form cursor to the table
into: Option<ObjectName>,
},
/// ```sql
/// FLUSH [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL] flush_option [, flush_option] ... | tables_option
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a Mysql-specific statement,
/// but may also compatible with other SQL.
Flush {
object_type: FlushType,
location: Option<FlushLocation>,
channel: Option<String>,
read_lock: bool,
export: bool,
tables: Vec<ObjectName>,
},
/// ```sql
/// DISCARD [ ALL | PLANS | SEQUENCES | TEMPORARY | TEMP ]
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statement,
/// but may also compatible with other SQL.
Discard { object_type: DiscardObject },
/// ```sql
/// SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE role_name
/// ```
///
/// Sets session state. Examples: [ANSI][1], [Postgresql][2], [MySQL][3], and [Oracle][4]
///
/// [1]: https://jakewheat.github.io/sql-overview/sql-2016-foundation-grammar.html#set-role-statement
/// [2]: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/sql-set-role.html
/// [3]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/set-role.html
/// [4]: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/statements_10004.htm
SetRole {
/// Non-ANSI optional identifier to inform if the role is defined inside the current session (`SESSION`) or transaction (`LOCAL`).
context_modifier: ContextModifier,
/// Role name. If NONE is specified, then the current role name is removed.
role_name: Option<Ident>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SET <variable> = expression;
/// SET (variable[, ...]) = (expression[, ...]);
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is not a standard SQL statement, but it is supported by at
/// least MySQL and PostgreSQL. Not all MySQL-specific syntactic forms are
/// supported yet.
SetVariable {
local: bool,
hivevar: bool,
variables: OneOrManyWithParens<ObjectName>,
value: Vec<Expr>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SET TIME ZONE <value>
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statements
/// `SET TIME ZONE <value>` is an alias for `SET timezone TO <value>` in PostgreSQL
SetTimeZone { local: bool, value: Expr },
/// ```sql
/// SET NAMES 'charset_name' [COLLATE 'collation_name']
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement.
SetNames {
charset_name: String,
collation_name: Option<String>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SET NAMES DEFAULT
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement.
SetNamesDefault {},
/// `SHOW FUNCTIONS`
///
/// Note: this is a Presto-specific statement.
ShowFunctions { filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter> },
/// ```sql
/// SHOW <variable>
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statement.
ShowVariable { variable: Vec<Ident> },
/// ```sql
/// SHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] STATUS [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr]
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement.
ShowStatus {
filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter>,
global: bool,
session: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// SHOW VARIABLES
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement.
ShowVariables {
filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter>,
global: bool,
session: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// SHOW CREATE TABLE
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement.
ShowCreate {
obj_type: ShowCreateObject,
obj_name: ObjectName,
},
/// ```sql
/// SHOW COLUMNS
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement.
ShowColumns {
extended: bool,
full: bool,
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
table_name: ObjectName,
filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SHOW DATABASES [LIKE 'pattern']
/// ```
ShowDatabases { filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter> },
/// ```sql
/// SHOW SCHEMAS [LIKE 'pattern']
/// ```
ShowSchemas { filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter> },
/// ```sql
/// SHOW TABLES
/// ```
ShowTables {
extended: bool,
full: bool,
clause: Option<ShowClause>,
db_name: Option<Ident>,
filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SHOW VIEWS
/// ```
ShowViews {
materialized: bool,
clause: Option<ShowClause>,
db_name: Option<Ident>,
filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SHOW COLLATION
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement.
ShowCollation { filter: Option<ShowStatementFilter> },
/// ```sql
/// `USE ...`
/// ```
Use(Use),
/// ```sql
/// START [ TRANSACTION | WORK ] | START TRANSACTION } ...
/// ```
/// If `begin` is false.
///
/// ```sql
/// `BEGIN [ TRANSACTION | WORK ] | START TRANSACTION } ...`
/// ```
/// If `begin` is true
StartTransaction {
modes: Vec<TransactionMode>,
begin: bool,
/// Only for SQLite
modifier: Option<TransactionModifier>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SET TRANSACTION ...
/// ```
SetTransaction {
modes: Vec<TransactionMode>,
snapshot: Option<Value>,
session: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// COMMENT ON ...
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statement.
Comment {
object_type: CommentObject,
object_name: ObjectName,
comment: Option<String>,
/// An optional `IF EXISTS` clause. (Non-standard.)
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/comment>
if_exists: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// COMMIT [ TRANSACTION | WORK ] [ AND [ NO ] CHAIN ]
/// ```
Commit { chain: bool },
/// ```sql
/// ROLLBACK [ TRANSACTION | WORK ] [ AND [ NO ] CHAIN ] [ TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name ]
/// ```
Rollback {
chain: bool,
savepoint: Option<Ident>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE SCHEMA
/// ```
CreateSchema {
/// `<schema name> | AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier> | <schema name> AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier>`
schema_name: SchemaName,
if_not_exists: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE DATABASE
/// ```
CreateDatabase {
db_name: ObjectName,
if_not_exists: bool,
location: Option<String>,
managed_location: Option<String>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE FUNCTION
/// ```
///
/// Supported variants:
/// 1. [Hive](https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/hive/languagemanual+ddl#LanguageManualDDL-Create/Drop/ReloadFunction)
/// 2. [Postgres](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/sql-createfunction.html)
/// 3. [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_function_statement)
CreateFunction {
or_replace: bool,
temporary: bool,
if_not_exists: bool,
name: ObjectName,
args: Option<Vec<OperateFunctionArg>>,
return_type: Option<DataType>,
/// The expression that defines the function.
///
/// Examples:
/// ```sql
/// AS ((SELECT 1))
/// AS "console.log();"
/// ```
function_body: Option<CreateFunctionBody>,
/// Behavior attribute for the function
///
/// IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
///
/// [Postgres](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createfunction.html)
behavior: Option<FunctionBehavior>,
/// CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
///
/// [Postgres](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createfunction.html)
called_on_null: Option<FunctionCalledOnNull>,
/// PARALLEL { UNSAFE | RESTRICTED | SAFE }
///
/// [Postgres](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createfunction.html)
parallel: Option<FunctionParallel>,
/// USING ... (Hive only)
using: Option<CreateFunctionUsing>,
/// Language used in a UDF definition.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// CREATE FUNCTION foo() LANGUAGE js AS "console.log();"
/// ```
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_a_javascript_udf)
language: Option<Ident>,
/// Determinism keyword used for non-sql UDF definitions.
///
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#syntax_11)
determinism_specifier: Option<FunctionDeterminismSpecifier>,
/// List of options for creating the function.
///
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#syntax_11)
options: Option<Vec<SqlOption>>,
/// Connection resource for a remote function.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// CREATE FUNCTION foo()
/// RETURNS FLOAT64
/// REMOTE WITH CONNECTION us.myconnection
/// ```
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_a_remote_function)
remote_connection: Option<ObjectName>,
},
/// CREATE TRIGGER
///
/// Examples:
///
/// ```sql
/// CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
/// BEFORE INSERT ON table_name
/// FOR EACH ROW
/// EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_function();
/// ```
///
/// Postgres: <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtrigger.html>
CreateTrigger {
/// The `OR REPLACE` clause is used to re-create the trigger if it already exists.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trigger_name
/// AFTER INSERT ON table_name
/// FOR EACH ROW
/// EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_function();
/// ```
or_replace: bool,
/// The `CONSTRAINT` keyword is used to create a trigger as a constraint.
is_constraint: bool,
/// The name of the trigger to be created.
name: ObjectName,
/// Determines whether the function is called before, after, or instead of the event.
///
/// Example of BEFORE:
///
/// ```sql
/// CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
/// BEFORE INSERT ON table_name
/// FOR EACH ROW
/// EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_function();
/// ```
///
/// Example of AFTER:
///
/// ```sql
/// CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
/// AFTER INSERT ON table_name
/// FOR EACH ROW
/// EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_function();
/// ```
///
/// Example of INSTEAD OF:
///
/// ```sql
/// CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
/// INSTEAD OF INSERT ON table_name
/// FOR EACH ROW
/// EXECUTE FUNCTION trigger_function();
/// ```
period: TriggerPeriod,
/// Multiple events can be specified using OR, such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, or `TRUNCATE`.
events: Vec<TriggerEvent>,
/// The table on which the trigger is to be created.
table_name: ObjectName,
/// The optional referenced table name that can be referenced via
/// the `FROM` keyword.
referenced_table_name: Option<ObjectName>,
/// This keyword immediately precedes the declaration of one or two relation names that provide access to the transition relations of the triggering statement.
referencing: Vec<TriggerReferencing>,
/// This specifies whether the trigger function should be fired once for
/// every row affected by the trigger event, or just once per SQL statement.
trigger_object: TriggerObject,
/// Whether to include the `EACH` term of the `FOR EACH`, as it is optional syntax.
include_each: bool,
/// Triggering conditions
condition: Option<Expr>,
/// Execute logic block
exec_body: TriggerExecBody,
/// The characteristic of the trigger, which include whether the trigger is `DEFERRABLE`, `INITIALLY DEFERRED`, or `INITIALLY IMMEDIATE`,
characteristics: Option<ConstraintCharacteristics>,
},
/// DROP TRIGGER
///
/// ```sql
/// DROP TRIGGER [ IF EXISTS ] name ON table_name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
/// ```
///
DropTrigger {
if_exists: bool,
trigger_name: ObjectName,
table_name: ObjectName,
/// `CASCADE` or `RESTRICT`
option: Option<ReferentialAction>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE PROCEDURE
/// ```
CreateProcedure {
or_alter: bool,
name: ObjectName,
params: Option<Vec<ProcedureParam>>,
body: Vec<Statement>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE MACRO
/// ```
///
/// Supported variants:
/// 1. [DuckDB](https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/create_macro)
CreateMacro {
or_replace: bool,
temporary: bool,
name: ObjectName,
args: Option<Vec<MacroArg>>,
definition: MacroDefinition,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE STAGE
/// ```
/// See <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-stage>
CreateStage {
or_replace: bool,
temporary: bool,
if_not_exists: bool,
name: ObjectName,
stage_params: StageParamsObject,
directory_table_params: DataLoadingOptions,
file_format: DataLoadingOptions,
copy_options: DataLoadingOptions,
comment: Option<String>,
},
/// ```sql
/// ASSERT <condition> [AS <message>]
/// ```
Assert {
condition: Expr,
message: Option<Expr>,
},
/// ```sql
/// GRANT privileges ON objects TO grantees
/// ```
Grant {
privileges: Privileges,
objects: GrantObjects,
grantees: Vec<Ident>,
with_grant_option: bool,
granted_by: Option<Ident>,
},
/// ```sql
/// REVOKE privileges ON objects FROM grantees
/// ```
Revoke {
privileges: Privileges,
objects: GrantObjects,
grantees: Vec<Ident>,
granted_by: Option<Ident>,
cascade: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] { name | ALL }
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statement.
Deallocate { name: Ident, prepare: bool },
/// ```sql
/// EXECUTE name [ ( parameter [, ...] ) ] [USING <expr>]
/// ```
///
/// Note: this statement is supported by Postgres and MSSQL, with slight differences in syntax.
///
/// Postgres: <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-execute.html>
/// MSSQL: <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/stored-procedures/execute-a-stored-procedure>
Execute {
name: ObjectName,
parameters: Vec<Expr>,
has_parentheses: bool,
using: Vec<Expr>,
},
/// ```sql
/// PREPARE name [ ( data_type [, ...] ) ] AS statement
/// ```
///
/// Note: this is a PostgreSQL-specific statement.
Prepare {
name: Ident,
data_types: Vec<DataType>,
statement: Box<Statement>,
},
/// ```sql
/// KILL [CONNECTION | QUERY | MUTATION]
/// ```
///
/// See <https://clickhouse.com/docs/ru/sql-reference/statements/kill/>
/// See <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/kill.html>
Kill {
modifier: Option<KillType>,
// processlist_id
id: u64,
},
/// ```sql
/// [EXPLAIN | DESC | DESCRIBE] TABLE
/// ```
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement. See <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/explain.html>
ExplainTable {
/// `EXPLAIN | DESC | DESCRIBE`
describe_alias: DescribeAlias,
/// Hive style `FORMATTED | EXTENDED`
hive_format: Option<HiveDescribeFormat>,
/// Snowflake and ClickHouse support `DESC|DESCRIBE TABLE <table_name>` syntax
///
/// [Snowflake](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/desc-table.html)
/// [ClickHouse](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/describe-table)
has_table_keyword: bool,
/// Table name
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
table_name: ObjectName,
},
/// ```sql
/// [EXPLAIN | DESC | DESCRIBE] <statement>
/// ```
Explain {
/// `EXPLAIN | DESC | DESCRIBE`
describe_alias: DescribeAlias,
/// Carry out the command and show actual run times and other statistics.
analyze: bool,
// Display additional information regarding the plan.
verbose: bool,
/// `EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN`
/// Display the query plan without running the query.
///
/// [SQLite](https://sqlite.org/lang_explain.html)
query_plan: bool,
/// A SQL query that specifies what to explain
statement: Box<Statement>,
/// Optional output format of explain
format: Option<AnalyzeFormat>,
/// Postgres style utility options, `(analyze, verbose true)`
options: Option<Vec<UtilityOption>>,
},
/// ```sql
/// SAVEPOINT
/// ```
/// Define a new savepoint within the current transaction
Savepoint { name: Ident },
/// ```sql
/// RELEASE [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name
/// ```
ReleaseSavepoint { name: Ident },
/// A `MERGE` statement.
///
/// ```sql
/// MERGE INTO <target_table> USING <source> ON <join_expr> { matchedClause | notMatchedClause } [ ... ]
/// ```
/// [Snowflake](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/merge)
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
Merge {
/// optional INTO keyword
into: bool,
/// Specifies the table to merge
table: TableFactor,
/// Specifies the table or subquery to join with the target table
source: TableFactor,
/// Specifies the expression on which to join the target table and source
on: Box<Expr>,
/// Specifies the actions to perform when values match or do not match.
clauses: Vec<MergeClause>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CACHE [ FLAG ] TABLE <table_name> [ OPTIONS('K1' = 'V1', 'K2' = V2) ] [ AS ] [ <query> ]
/// ```
///
/// See [Spark SQL docs] for more details.
///
/// [Spark SQL docs]: https://docs.databricks.com/spark/latest/spark-sql/language-manual/sql-ref-syntax-aux-cache-cache-table.html
Cache {
/// Table flag
table_flag: Option<ObjectName>,
/// Table name
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
table_name: ObjectName,
has_as: bool,
/// Table confs
options: Vec<SqlOption>,
/// Cache table as a Query
query: Option<Box<Query>>,
},
/// ```sql
/// UNCACHE TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] <table_name>
/// ```
UNCache {
/// Table name
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
table_name: ObjectName,
if_exists: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE [ { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] SEQUENCE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <sequence_name>
/// ```
/// Define a new sequence:
CreateSequence {
temporary: bool,
if_not_exists: bool,
name: ObjectName,
data_type: Option<DataType>,
sequence_options: Vec<SequenceOptions>,
owned_by: Option<ObjectName>,
},
/// ```sql
/// CREATE TYPE <name>
/// ```
CreateType {
name: ObjectName,
representation: UserDefinedTypeRepresentation,
},
/// ```sql
/// PRAGMA <schema-name>.<pragma-name> = <pragma-value>
/// ```
Pragma {
name: ObjectName,
value: Option<Value>,
is_eq: bool,
},
/// ```sql
/// LOCK TABLES <table_name> [READ [LOCAL] | [LOW_PRIORITY] WRITE]
/// ```
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement. See <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/lock-tables.html>
LockTables { tables: Vec<LockTable> },
/// ```sql
/// UNLOCK TABLES
/// ```
/// Note: this is a MySQL-specific statement. See <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/lock-tables.html>
UnlockTables,
/// ```sql
/// UNLOAD(statement) TO <destination> [ WITH options ]
/// ```
/// See Redshift <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_UNLOAD.html> and
// Athena <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/athena/latest/ug/unload.html>
Unload {
query: Box<Query>,
to: Ident,
with: Vec<SqlOption>,
},
/// ```sql
/// OPTIMIZE TABLE [db.]name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [PARTITION partition | PARTITION ID 'partition_id'] [FINAL] [DEDUPLICATE [BY expression]]
/// ```
///
/// See ClickHouse <https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/optimize>
OptimizeTable {
name: ObjectName,
on_cluster: Option<Ident>,
partition: Option<Partition>,
include_final: bool,
deduplicate: Option<Deduplicate>,
},
/// ```sql
/// LISTEN
/// ```
/// listen for a notification channel
///
/// See Postgres <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-listen.html>
LISTEN { channel: Ident },
/// ```sql
/// NOTIFY channel [ , payload ]
/// ```
/// send a notification event together with an optional “payload” string to channel
///
/// See Postgres <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-notify.html>
NOTIFY {
channel: Ident,
payload: Option<String>,
},
}
impl fmt::Display for Statement {
// Clippy thinks this function is too complicated, but it is painful to
// split up without extracting structs for each `Statement` variant.
#[allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Statement::Flush {
object_type,
location,
channel,
read_lock,
export,
tables,
} => {
write!(f, "FLUSH")?;
if let Some(location) = location {
write!(f, " {location}")?;
}
write!(f, " {object_type}")?;
if let Some(channel) = channel {
write!(f, " FOR CHANNEL {channel}")?;
}
write!(
f,
"{tables}{read}{export}",
tables = if !tables.is_empty() {
" ".to_string() + &display_comma_separated(tables).to_string()
} else {
"".to_string()
},
export = if *export { " FOR EXPORT" } else { "" },
read = if *read_lock { " WITH READ LOCK" } else { "" }
)
}
Statement::Kill { modifier, id } => {
write!(f, "KILL ")?;
if let Some(m) = modifier {
write!(f, "{m} ")?;
}
write!(f, "{id}")
}
Statement::ExplainTable {
describe_alias,
hive_format,
has_table_keyword,
table_name,
} => {
write!(f, "{describe_alias} ")?;
if let Some(format) = hive_format {
write!(f, "{} ", format)?;
}
if *has_table_keyword {
write!(f, "TABLE ")?;
}
write!(f, "{table_name}")
}
Statement::Explain {
describe_alias,
verbose,
analyze,
query_plan,
statement,
format,
options,
} => {
write!(f, "{describe_alias} ")?;
if *query_plan {
write!(f, "QUERY PLAN ")?;
}
if *analyze {
write!(f, "ANALYZE ")?;
}
if *verbose {
write!(f, "VERBOSE ")?;
}
if let Some(format) = format {
write!(f, "FORMAT {format} ")?;
}
if let Some(options) = options {
write!(f, "({}) ", display_comma_separated(options))?;
}
write!(f, "{statement}")
}
Statement::Query(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
Statement::Declare { stmts } => {
write!(f, "DECLARE ")?;
write!(f, "{}", display_separated(stmts, "; "))
}
Statement::Fetch {
name,
direction,
into,
} => {
write!(f, "FETCH {direction} ")?;
write!(f, "IN {name}")?;
if let Some(into) = into {
write!(f, " INTO {into}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Directory {
overwrite,
local,
path,
file_format,
source,
} => {
write!(
f,
"INSERT{overwrite}{local} DIRECTORY '{path}'",
overwrite = if *overwrite { " OVERWRITE" } else { "" },
local = if *local { " LOCAL" } else { "" },
path = path
)?;
if let Some(ref ff) = file_format {
write!(f, " STORED AS {ff}")?
}
write!(f, " {source}")
}
Statement::Msck {
table_name,
repair,
partition_action,
} => {
write!(
f,
"MSCK {repair}TABLE {table}",
repair = if *repair { "REPAIR " } else { "" },
table = table_name
)?;
if let Some(pa) = partition_action {
write!(f, " {pa}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Truncate {
table_names,
partitions,
table,
only,
identity,
cascade,
on_cluster,
} => {
let table = if *table { "TABLE " } else { "" };
let only = if *only { "ONLY " } else { "" };
write!(
f,
"TRUNCATE {table}{only}{table_names}",
table_names = display_comma_separated(table_names)
)?;
if let Some(identity) = identity {
match identity {
TruncateIdentityOption::Restart => write!(f, " RESTART IDENTITY")?,
TruncateIdentityOption::Continue => write!(f, " CONTINUE IDENTITY")?,
}
}
if let Some(cascade) = cascade {
match cascade {
TruncateCascadeOption::Cascade => write!(f, " CASCADE")?,
TruncateCascadeOption::Restrict => write!(f, " RESTRICT")?,
}
}
if let Some(ref parts) = partitions {
if !parts.is_empty() {
write!(f, " PARTITION ({})", display_comma_separated(parts))?;
}
}
if let Some(on_cluster) = on_cluster {
write!(f, " ON CLUSTER {on_cluster}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::AttachDatabase {
schema_name,
database_file_name,
database,
} => {
let keyword = if *database { "DATABASE " } else { "" };
write!(f, "ATTACH {keyword}{database_file_name} AS {schema_name}")
}
Statement::AttachDuckDBDatabase {
if_not_exists,
database,
database_path,
database_alias,
attach_options,
} => {
write!(
f,
"ATTACH{database}{if_not_exists} {database_path}",
database = if *database { " DATABASE" } else { "" },
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { " IF NOT EXISTS" } else { "" },
)?;
if let Some(alias) = database_alias {
write!(f, " AS {alias}")?;
}
if !attach_options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(attach_options))?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::DetachDuckDBDatabase {
if_exists,
database,
database_alias,
} => {
write!(
f,
"DETACH{database}{if_exists} {database_alias}",
database = if *database { " DATABASE" } else { "" },
if_exists = if *if_exists { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" },
)?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::Analyze {
table_name,
partitions,
for_columns,
columns,
cache_metadata,
noscan,
compute_statistics,
} => {
write!(f, "ANALYZE TABLE {table_name}")?;
if let Some(ref parts) = partitions {
if !parts.is_empty() {
write!(f, " PARTITION ({})", display_comma_separated(parts))?;
}
}
if *compute_statistics {
write!(f, " COMPUTE STATISTICS")?;
}
if *noscan {
write!(f, " NOSCAN")?;
}
if *cache_metadata {
write!(f, " CACHE METADATA")?;
}
if *for_columns {
write!(f, " FOR COLUMNS")?;
if !columns.is_empty() {
write!(f, " {}", display_comma_separated(columns))?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Insert(insert) => write!(f, "{insert}"),
Statement::Install {
extension_name: name,
} => write!(f, "INSTALL {name}"),
Statement::Load {
extension_name: name,
} => write!(f, "LOAD {name}"),
Statement::Call(function) => write!(f, "CALL {function}"),
Statement::Copy {
source,
to,
target,
options,
legacy_options,
values,
} => {
write!(f, "COPY")?;
match source {
CopySource::Query(query) => write!(f, " ({query})")?,
CopySource::Table {
table_name,
columns,
} => {
write!(f, " {table_name}")?;
if !columns.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(columns))?;
}
}
}
write!(f, " {} {}", if *to { "TO" } else { "FROM" }, target)?;
if !options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(options))?;
}
if !legacy_options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " {}", display_separated(legacy_options, " "))?;
}
if !values.is_empty() {
writeln!(f, ";")?;
let mut delim = "";
for v in values {
write!(f, "{delim}")?;
delim = "\t";
if let Some(v) = v {
write!(f, "{v}")?;
} else {
write!(f, "\\N")?;
}
}
write!(f, "\n\\.")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Update {
table,
assignments,
from,
selection,
returning,
} => {
write!(f, "UPDATE {table}")?;
if !assignments.is_empty() {
write!(f, " SET {}", display_comma_separated(assignments))?;
}
if let Some(from) = from {
write!(f, " FROM {from}")?;
}
if let Some(selection) = selection {
write!(f, " WHERE {selection}")?;
}
if let Some(returning) = returning {
write!(f, " RETURNING {}", display_comma_separated(returning))?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Delete(delete) => write!(f, "{delete}"),
Statement::Close { cursor } => {
write!(f, "CLOSE {cursor}")?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateDatabase {
db_name,
if_not_exists,
location,
managed_location,
} => {
write!(f, "CREATE DATABASE")?;
if *if_not_exists {
write!(f, " IF NOT EXISTS")?;
}
write!(f, " {db_name}")?;
if let Some(l) = location {
write!(f, " LOCATION '{l}'")?;
}
if let Some(ml) = managed_location {
write!(f, " MANAGEDLOCATION '{ml}'")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateFunction {
or_replace,
temporary,
if_not_exists,
name,
args,
return_type,
function_body,
language,
behavior,
called_on_null,
parallel,
using,
determinism_specifier,
options,
remote_connection,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE {or_replace}{temp}FUNCTION {if_not_exists}{name}",
temp = if *temporary { "TEMPORARY " } else { "" },
or_replace = if *or_replace { "OR REPLACE " } else { "" },
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" },
)?;
if let Some(args) = args {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(args))?;
}
if let Some(return_type) = return_type {
write!(f, " RETURNS {return_type}")?;
}
if let Some(determinism_specifier) = determinism_specifier {
write!(f, " {determinism_specifier}")?;
}
if let Some(language) = language {
write!(f, " LANGUAGE {language}")?;
}
if let Some(behavior) = behavior {
write!(f, " {behavior}")?;
}
if let Some(called_on_null) = called_on_null {
write!(f, " {called_on_null}")?;
}
if let Some(parallel) = parallel {
write!(f, " {parallel}")?;
}
if let Some(remote_connection) = remote_connection {
write!(f, " REMOTE WITH CONNECTION {remote_connection}")?;
}
if let Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions(function_body)) = function_body {
write!(f, " AS {function_body}")?;
}
if let Some(CreateFunctionBody::Return(function_body)) = function_body {
write!(f, " RETURN {function_body}")?;
}
if let Some(using) = using {
write!(f, " {using}")?;
}
if let Some(options) = options {
write!(
f,
" OPTIONS({})",
display_comma_separated(options.as_slice())
)?;
}
if let Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsAfterOptions(function_body)) = function_body {
write!(f, " AS {function_body}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateTrigger {
or_replace,
is_constraint,
name,
period,
events,
table_name,
referenced_table_name,
referencing,
trigger_object,
condition,
include_each,
exec_body,
characteristics,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE {or_replace}{is_constraint}TRIGGER {name} {period}",
or_replace = if *or_replace { "OR REPLACE " } else { "" },
is_constraint = if *is_constraint { "CONSTRAINT " } else { "" },
)?;
if !events.is_empty() {
write!(f, " {}", display_separated(events, " OR "))?;
}
write!(f, " ON {table_name}")?;
if let Some(referenced_table_name) = referenced_table_name {
write!(f, " FROM {referenced_table_name}")?;
}
if let Some(characteristics) = characteristics {
write!(f, " {characteristics}")?;
}
if !referencing.is_empty() {
write!(f, " REFERENCING {}", display_separated(referencing, " "))?;
}
if *include_each {
write!(f, " FOR EACH {trigger_object}")?;
} else {
write!(f, " FOR {trigger_object}")?;
}
if let Some(condition) = condition {
write!(f, " WHEN {condition}")?;
}
write!(f, " EXECUTE {exec_body}")
}
Statement::DropTrigger {
if_exists,
trigger_name,
table_name,
option,
} => {
write!(f, "DROP TRIGGER")?;
if *if_exists {
write!(f, " IF EXISTS")?;
}
write!(f, " {trigger_name} ON {table_name}")?;
if let Some(option) = option {
write!(f, " {option}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateProcedure {
name,
or_alter,
params,
body,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE {or_alter}PROCEDURE {name}",
or_alter = if *or_alter { "OR ALTER " } else { "" },
name = name
)?;
if let Some(p) = params {
if !p.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(p))?;
}
}
write!(
f,
" AS BEGIN {body} END",
body = display_separated(body, "; ")
)
}
Statement::CreateMacro {
or_replace,
temporary,
name,
args,
definition,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE {or_replace}{temp}MACRO {name}",
temp = if *temporary { "TEMPORARY " } else { "" },
or_replace = if *or_replace { "OR REPLACE " } else { "" },
)?;
if let Some(args) = args {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(args))?;
}
match definition {
MacroDefinition::Expr(expr) => write!(f, " AS {expr}")?,
MacroDefinition::Table(query) => write!(f, " AS TABLE {query}")?,
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateView {
name,
or_replace,
columns,
query,
materialized,
options,
cluster_by,
comment,
with_no_schema_binding,
if_not_exists,
temporary,
to,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE {or_replace}{materialized}{temporary}VIEW {if_not_exists}{name}{to}",
or_replace = if *or_replace { "OR REPLACE " } else { "" },
materialized = if *materialized { "MATERIALIZED " } else { "" },
name = name,
temporary = if *temporary { "TEMPORARY " } else { "" },
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" },
to = to
.as_ref()
.map(|to| format!(" TO {to}"))
.unwrap_or_default()
)?;
if !columns.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(columns))?;
}
if matches!(options, CreateTableOptions::With(_)) {
write!(f, " {options}")?;
}
if let Some(comment) = comment {
write!(
f,
" COMMENT = '{}'",
value::escape_single_quote_string(comment)
)?;
}
if !cluster_by.is_empty() {
write!(f, " CLUSTER BY ({})", display_comma_separated(cluster_by))?;
}
if matches!(options, CreateTableOptions::Options(_)) {
write!(f, " {options}")?;
}
write!(f, " AS {query}")?;
if *with_no_schema_binding {
write!(f, " WITH NO SCHEMA BINDING")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => create_table.fmt(f),
Statement::CreateVirtualTable {
name,
if_not_exists,
module_name,
module_args,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE {if_not_exists}{name} USING {module_name}",
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" },
name = name,
module_name = module_name
)?;
if !module_args.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(module_args))?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateIndex(create_index) => create_index.fmt(f),
Statement::CreateExtension {
name,
if_not_exists,
cascade,
schema,
version,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE EXTENSION {if_not_exists}{name}",
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" }
)?;
if *cascade || schema.is_some() || version.is_some() {
write!(f, " WITH")?;
if let Some(name) = schema {
write!(f, " SCHEMA {name}")?;
}
if let Some(version) = version {
write!(f, " VERSION {version}")?;
}
if *cascade {
write!(f, " CASCADE")?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateRole {
names,
if_not_exists,
inherit,
login,
bypassrls,
password,
create_db,
create_role,
superuser,
replication,
connection_limit,
valid_until,
in_role,
in_group,
role,
user,
admin,
authorization_owner,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE ROLE {if_not_exists}{names}{superuser}{create_db}{create_role}{inherit}{login}{replication}{bypassrls}",
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" },
names = display_separated(names, ", "),
superuser = match *superuser {
Some(true) => " SUPERUSER",
Some(false) => " NOSUPERUSER",
None => ""
},
create_db = match *create_db {
Some(true) => " CREATEDB",
Some(false) => " NOCREATEDB",
None => ""
},
create_role = match *create_role {
Some(true) => " CREATEROLE",
Some(false) => " NOCREATEROLE",
None => ""
},
inherit = match *inherit {
Some(true) => " INHERIT",
Some(false) => " NOINHERIT",
None => ""
},
login = match *login {
Some(true) => " LOGIN",
Some(false) => " NOLOGIN",
None => ""
},
replication = match *replication {
Some(true) => " REPLICATION",
Some(false) => " NOREPLICATION",
None => ""
},
bypassrls = match *bypassrls {
Some(true) => " BYPASSRLS",
Some(false) => " NOBYPASSRLS",
None => ""
}
)?;
if let Some(limit) = connection_limit {
write!(f, " CONNECTION LIMIT {limit}")?;
}
match password {
Some(Password::Password(pass)) => write!(f, " PASSWORD {pass}"),
Some(Password::NullPassword) => write!(f, " PASSWORD NULL"),
None => Ok(()),
}?;
if let Some(until) = valid_until {
write!(f, " VALID UNTIL {until}")?;
}
if !in_role.is_empty() {
write!(f, " IN ROLE {}", display_comma_separated(in_role))?;
}
if !in_group.is_empty() {
write!(f, " IN GROUP {}", display_comma_separated(in_group))?;
}
if !role.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ROLE {}", display_comma_separated(role))?;
}
if !user.is_empty() {
write!(f, " USER {}", display_comma_separated(user))?;
}
if !admin.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ADMIN {}", display_comma_separated(admin))?;
}
if let Some(owner) = authorization_owner {
write!(f, " AUTHORIZATION {owner}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateSecret {
or_replace,
temporary,
if_not_exists,
name,
storage_specifier,
secret_type,
options,
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE {or_replace}",
or_replace = if *or_replace { "OR REPLACE " } else { "" },
)?;
if let Some(t) = temporary {
write!(f, "{}", if *t { "TEMPORARY " } else { "PERSISTENT " })?;
}
write!(
f,
"SECRET {if_not_exists}",
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" },
)?;
if let Some(n) = name {
write!(f, "{n} ")?;
};
if let Some(s) = storage_specifier {
write!(f, "IN {s} ")?;
}
write!(f, "( TYPE {secret_type}",)?;
if !options.is_empty() {
write!(f, ", {o}", o = display_comma_separated(options))?;
}
write!(f, " )")?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreatePolicy {
name,
table_name,
policy_type,
command,
to,
using,
with_check,
} => {
write!(f, "CREATE POLICY {name} ON {table_name}")?;
if let Some(policy_type) = policy_type {
match policy_type {
CreatePolicyType::Permissive => write!(f, " AS PERMISSIVE")?,
CreatePolicyType::Restrictive => write!(f, " AS RESTRICTIVE")?,
}
}
if let Some(command) = command {
match command {
CreatePolicyCommand::All => write!(f, " FOR ALL")?,
CreatePolicyCommand::Select => write!(f, " FOR SELECT")?,
CreatePolicyCommand::Insert => write!(f, " FOR INSERT")?,
CreatePolicyCommand::Update => write!(f, " FOR UPDATE")?,
CreatePolicyCommand::Delete => write!(f, " FOR DELETE")?,
}
}
if let Some(to) = to {
write!(f, " TO {}", display_comma_separated(to))?;
}
if let Some(using) = using {
write!(f, " USING ({using})")?;
}
if let Some(with_check) = with_check {
write!(f, " WITH CHECK ({with_check})")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::AlterTable {
name,
if_exists,
only,
operations,
location,
on_cluster,
} => {
write!(f, "ALTER TABLE ")?;
if *if_exists {
write!(f, "IF EXISTS ")?;
}
if *only {
write!(f, "ONLY ")?;
}
write!(f, "{name} ", name = name)?;
if let Some(cluster) = on_cluster {
write!(f, "ON CLUSTER {cluster} ")?;
}
write!(
f,
"{operations}",
operations = display_comma_separated(operations)
)?;
if let Some(loc) = location {
write!(f, " {loc}")?
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::AlterIndex { name, operation } => {
write!(f, "ALTER INDEX {name} {operation}")
}
Statement::AlterView {
name,
columns,
query,
with_options,
} => {
write!(f, "ALTER VIEW {name}")?;
if !with_options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " WITH ({})", display_comma_separated(with_options))?;
}
if !columns.is_empty() {
write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(columns))?;
}
write!(f, " AS {query}")
}
Statement::AlterRole { name, operation } => {
write!(f, "ALTER ROLE {name} {operation}")
}
Statement::AlterPolicy {
name,
table_name,
operation,
} => {
write!(f, "ALTER POLICY {name} ON {table_name}{operation}")
}
Statement::Drop {
object_type,
if_exists,
names,
cascade,
restrict,
purge,
temporary,
} => write!(
f,
"DROP {}{}{} {}{}{}{}",
if *temporary { "TEMPORARY " } else { "" },
object_type,
if *if_exists { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" },
display_comma_separated(names),
if *cascade { " CASCADE" } else { "" },
if *restrict { " RESTRICT" } else { "" },
if *purge { " PURGE" } else { "" }
),
Statement::DropFunction {
if_exists,
func_desc,
option,
} => {
write!(
f,
"DROP FUNCTION{} {}",
if *if_exists { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" },
display_comma_separated(func_desc),
)?;
if let Some(op) = option {
write!(f, " {op}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::DropProcedure {
if_exists,
proc_desc,
option,
} => {
write!(
f,
"DROP PROCEDURE{} {}",
if *if_exists { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" },
display_comma_separated(proc_desc),
)?;
if let Some(op) = option {
write!(f, " {op}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::DropSecret {
if_exists,
temporary,
name,
storage_specifier,
} => {
write!(f, "DROP ")?;
if let Some(t) = temporary {
write!(f, "{}", if *t { "TEMPORARY " } else { "PERSISTENT " })?;
}
write!(
f,
"SECRET {if_exists}{name}",
if_exists = if *if_exists { "IF EXISTS " } else { "" },
)?;
if let Some(s) = storage_specifier {
write!(f, " FROM {s}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::DropPolicy {
if_exists,
name,
table_name,
option,
} => {
write!(f, "DROP POLICY")?;
if *if_exists {
write!(f, " IF EXISTS")?;
}
write!(f, " {name} ON {table_name}")?;
if let Some(option) = option {
write!(f, " {option}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Discard { object_type } => {
write!(f, "DISCARD {object_type}")?;
Ok(())
}
Self::SetRole {
context_modifier,
role_name,
} => {
let role_name = role_name.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| Ident::new("NONE"));
write!(f, "SET{context_modifier} ROLE {role_name}")
}
Statement::SetVariable {
local,
variables,
hivevar,
value,
} => {
f.write_str("SET ")?;
if *local {
f.write_str("LOCAL ")?;
}
let parenthesized = matches!(variables, OneOrManyWithParens::Many(_));
write!(
f,
"{hivevar}{name} = {l_paren}{value}{r_paren}",
hivevar = if *hivevar { "HIVEVAR:" } else { "" },
name = variables,
l_paren = parenthesized.then_some("(").unwrap_or_default(),
value = display_comma_separated(value),
r_paren = parenthesized.then_some(")").unwrap_or_default(),
)
}
Statement::SetTimeZone { local, value } => {
f.write_str("SET ")?;
if *local {
f.write_str("LOCAL ")?;
}
write!(f, "TIME ZONE {value}")
}
Statement::SetNames {
charset_name,
collation_name,
} => {
f.write_str("SET NAMES ")?;
f.write_str(charset_name)?;
if let Some(collation) = collation_name {
f.write_str(" COLLATE ")?;
f.write_str(collation)?;
};
Ok(())
}
Statement::SetNamesDefault {} => {
f.write_str("SET NAMES DEFAULT")?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowVariable { variable } => {
write!(f, "SHOW")?;
if !variable.is_empty() {
write!(f, " {}", display_separated(variable, " "))?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowStatus {
filter,
global,
session,
} => {
write!(f, "SHOW")?;
if *global {
write!(f, " GLOBAL")?;
}
if *session {
write!(f, " SESSION")?;
}
write!(f, " STATUS")?;
if filter.is_some() {
write!(f, " {}", filter.as_ref().unwrap())?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowVariables {
filter,
global,
session,
} => {
write!(f, "SHOW")?;
if *global {
write!(f, " GLOBAL")?;
}
if *session {
write!(f, " SESSION")?;
}
write!(f, " VARIABLES")?;
if filter.is_some() {
write!(f, " {}", filter.as_ref().unwrap())?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowCreate { obj_type, obj_name } => {
write!(f, "SHOW CREATE {obj_type} {obj_name}",)?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowColumns {
extended,
full,
table_name,
filter,
} => {
write!(
f,
"SHOW {extended}{full}COLUMNS FROM {table_name}",
extended = if *extended { "EXTENDED " } else { "" },
full = if *full { "FULL " } else { "" },
table_name = table_name,
)?;
if let Some(filter) = filter {
write!(f, " {filter}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowDatabases { filter } => {
write!(f, "SHOW DATABASES")?;
if let Some(filter) = filter {
write!(f, " {filter}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowSchemas { filter } => {
write!(f, "SHOW SCHEMAS")?;
if let Some(filter) = filter {
write!(f, " {filter}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowTables {
extended,
full,
clause: show_clause,
db_name,
filter,
} => {
write!(
f,
"SHOW {extended}{full}TABLES",
extended = if *extended { "EXTENDED " } else { "" },
full = if *full { "FULL " } else { "" },
)?;
if let Some(show_clause) = show_clause {
write!(f, " {show_clause}")?;
}
if let Some(db_name) = db_name {
write!(f, " {db_name}")?;
}
if let Some(filter) = filter {
write!(f, " {filter}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowViews {
materialized,
clause: show_clause,
db_name,
filter,
} => {
write!(
f,
"SHOW {}VIEWS",
if *materialized { "MATERIALIZED " } else { "" }
)?;
if let Some(show_clause) = show_clause {
write!(f, " {show_clause}")?;
}
if let Some(db_name) = db_name {
write!(f, " {db_name}")?;
}
if let Some(filter) = filter {
write!(f, " {filter}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::ShowFunctions { filter } => {
write!(f, "SHOW FUNCTIONS")?;
if let Some(filter) = filter {
write!(f, " {filter}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Use(use_expr) => use_expr.fmt(f),
Statement::ShowCollation { filter } => {
write!(f, "SHOW COLLATION")?;
if let Some(filter) = filter {
write!(f, " {filter}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::StartTransaction {
modes,
begin: syntax_begin,
modifier,
} => {
if *syntax_begin {
if let Some(modifier) = *modifier {
write!(f, "BEGIN {} TRANSACTION", modifier)?;
} else {
write!(f, "BEGIN TRANSACTION")?;
}
} else {
write!(f, "START TRANSACTION")?;
}
if !modes.is_empty() {
write!(f, " {}", display_comma_separated(modes))?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::SetTransaction {
modes,
snapshot,
session,
} => {
if *session {
write!(f, "SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION")?;
} else {
write!(f, "SET TRANSACTION")?;
}
if !modes.is_empty() {
write!(f, " {}", display_comma_separated(modes))?;
}
if let Some(snapshot_id) = snapshot {
write!(f, " SNAPSHOT {snapshot_id}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Commit { chain } => {
write!(f, "COMMIT{}", if *chain { " AND CHAIN" } else { "" },)
}
Statement::Rollback { chain, savepoint } => {
write!(f, "ROLLBACK")?;
if *chain {
write!(f, " AND CHAIN")?;
}
if let Some(savepoint) = savepoint {
write!(f, " TO SAVEPOINT {savepoint}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateSchema {
schema_name,
if_not_exists,
} => write!(
f,
"CREATE SCHEMA {if_not_exists}{name}",
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" },
name = schema_name
),
Statement::Assert { condition, message } => {
write!(f, "ASSERT {condition}")?;
if let Some(m) = message {
write!(f, " AS {m}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Grant {
privileges,
objects,
grantees,
with_grant_option,
granted_by,
} => {
write!(f, "GRANT {privileges} ")?;
write!(f, "ON {objects} ")?;
write!(f, "TO {}", display_comma_separated(grantees))?;
if *with_grant_option {
write!(f, " WITH GRANT OPTION")?;
}
if let Some(grantor) = granted_by {
write!(f, " GRANTED BY {grantor}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Revoke {
privileges,
objects,
grantees,
granted_by,
cascade,
} => {
write!(f, "REVOKE {privileges} ")?;
write!(f, "ON {objects} ")?;
write!(f, "FROM {}", display_comma_separated(grantees))?;
if let Some(grantor) = granted_by {
write!(f, " GRANTED BY {grantor}")?;
}
write!(f, " {}", if *cascade { "CASCADE" } else { "RESTRICT" })?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::Deallocate { name, prepare } => write!(
f,
"DEALLOCATE {prepare}{name}",
prepare = if *prepare { "PREPARE " } else { "" },
name = name,
),
Statement::Execute {
name,
parameters,
has_parentheses,
using,
} => {
let (open, close) = if *has_parentheses {
("(", ")")
} else {
(if parameters.is_empty() { "" } else { " " }, "")
};
write!(
f,
"EXECUTE {name}{open}{}{close}",
display_comma_separated(parameters),
)?;
if !using.is_empty() {
write!(f, " USING {}", display_comma_separated(using))?;
};
Ok(())
}
Statement::Prepare {
name,
data_types,
statement,
} => {
write!(f, "PREPARE {name} ")?;
if !data_types.is_empty() {
write!(f, "({}) ", display_comma_separated(data_types))?;
}
write!(f, "AS {statement}")
}
Statement::Comment {
object_type,
object_name,
comment,
if_exists,
} => {
write!(f, "COMMENT ")?;
if *if_exists {
write!(f, "IF EXISTS ")?
};
write!(f, "ON {object_type} {object_name} IS ")?;
if let Some(c) = comment {
write!(f, "'{c}'")
} else {
write!(f, "NULL")
}
}
Statement::Savepoint { name } => {
write!(f, "SAVEPOINT ")?;
write!(f, "{name}")
}
Statement::ReleaseSavepoint { name } => {
write!(f, "RELEASE SAVEPOINT {name}")
}
Statement::Merge {
into,
table,
source,
on,
clauses,
} => {
write!(
f,
"MERGE{int} {table} USING {source} ",
int = if *into { " INTO" } else { "" }
)?;
write!(f, "ON {on} ")?;
write!(f, "{}", display_separated(clauses, " "))
}
Statement::Cache {
table_name,
table_flag,
has_as,
options,
query,
} => {
if let Some(table_flag) = table_flag {
write!(f, "CACHE {table_flag} TABLE {table_name}")?;
} else {
write!(f, "CACHE TABLE {table_name}")?;
}
if !options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " OPTIONS({})", display_comma_separated(options))?;
}
match (*has_as, query) {
(true, Some(query)) => write!(f, " AS {query}"),
(true, None) => f.write_str(" AS"),
(false, Some(query)) => write!(f, " {query}"),
(false, None) => Ok(()),
}
}
Statement::UNCache {
table_name,
if_exists,
} => {
if *if_exists {
write!(f, "UNCACHE TABLE IF EXISTS {table_name}")
} else {
write!(f, "UNCACHE TABLE {table_name}")
}
}
Statement::CreateSequence {
temporary,
if_not_exists,
name,
data_type,
sequence_options,
owned_by,
} => {
let as_type: String = if let Some(dt) = data_type.as_ref() {
//Cannot use format!(" AS {}", dt), due to format! is not available in --target thumbv6m-none-eabi
// " AS ".to_owned() + &dt.to_string()
[" AS ", &dt.to_string()].concat()
} else {
"".to_string()
};
write!(
f,
"CREATE {temporary}SEQUENCE {if_not_exists}{name}{as_type}",
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" },
temporary = if *temporary { "TEMPORARY " } else { "" },
name = name,
as_type = as_type
)?;
for sequence_option in sequence_options {
write!(f, "{sequence_option}")?;
}
if let Some(ob) = owned_by.as_ref() {
write!(f, " OWNED BY {ob}")?;
}
write!(f, "")
}
Statement::CreateStage {
or_replace,
temporary,
if_not_exists,
name,
stage_params,
directory_table_params,
file_format,
copy_options,
comment,
..
} => {
write!(
f,
"CREATE {or_replace}{temp}STAGE {if_not_exists}{name}{stage_params}",
temp = if *temporary { "TEMPORARY " } else { "" },
or_replace = if *or_replace { "OR REPLACE " } else { "" },
if_not_exists = if *if_not_exists { "IF NOT EXISTS " } else { "" },
)?;
if !directory_table_params.options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " DIRECTORY=({})", directory_table_params)?;
}
if !file_format.options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " FILE_FORMAT=({})", file_format)?;
}
if !copy_options.options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " COPY_OPTIONS=({})", copy_options)?;
}
if comment.is_some() {
write!(f, " COMMENT='{}'", comment.as_ref().unwrap())?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CopyIntoSnowflake {
into,
from_stage,
from_stage_alias,
stage_params,
from_transformations,
files,
pattern,
file_format,
copy_options,
validation_mode,
} => {
write!(f, "COPY INTO {}", into)?;
if from_transformations.is_none() {
// Standard data load
write!(f, " FROM {}{}", from_stage, stage_params)?;
if from_stage_alias.as_ref().is_some() {
write!(f, " AS {}", from_stage_alias.as_ref().unwrap())?;
}
} else {
// Data load with transformation
write!(
f,
" FROM (SELECT {} FROM {}{}",
display_separated(from_transformations.as_ref().unwrap(), ", "),
from_stage,
stage_params,
)?;
if from_stage_alias.as_ref().is_some() {
write!(f, " AS {}", from_stage_alias.as_ref().unwrap())?;
}
write!(f, ")")?;
}
if files.is_some() {
write!(
f,
" FILES = ('{}')",
display_separated(files.as_ref().unwrap(), "', '")
)?;
}
if pattern.is_some() {
write!(f, " PATTERN = '{}'", pattern.as_ref().unwrap())?;
}
if !file_format.options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " FILE_FORMAT=({})", file_format)?;
}
if !copy_options.options.is_empty() {
write!(f, " COPY_OPTIONS=({})", copy_options)?;
}
if validation_mode.is_some() {
write!(
f,
" VALIDATION_MODE = {}",
validation_mode.as_ref().unwrap()
)?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::CreateType {
name,
representation,
} => {
write!(f, "CREATE TYPE {name} AS {representation}")
}
Statement::Pragma { name, value, is_eq } => {
write!(f, "PRAGMA {name}")?;
if value.is_some() {
let val = value.as_ref().unwrap();
if *is_eq {
write!(f, " = {val}")?;
} else {
write!(f, "({val})")?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::LockTables { tables } => {
write!(f, "LOCK TABLES {}", display_comma_separated(tables))
}
Statement::UnlockTables => {
write!(f, "UNLOCK TABLES")
}
Statement::Unload { query, to, with } => {
write!(f, "UNLOAD({query}) TO {to}")?;
if !with.is_empty() {
write!(f, " WITH ({})", display_comma_separated(with))?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::OptimizeTable {
name,
on_cluster,
partition,
include_final,
deduplicate,
} => {
write!(f, "OPTIMIZE TABLE {name}")?;
if let Some(on_cluster) = on_cluster {
write!(f, " ON CLUSTER {on_cluster}", on_cluster = on_cluster)?;
}
if let Some(partition) = partition {
write!(f, " {partition}", partition = partition)?;
}
if *include_final {
write!(f, " FINAL")?;
}
if let Some(deduplicate) = deduplicate {
write!(f, " {deduplicate}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::LISTEN { channel } => {
write!(f, "LISTEN {channel}")?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::NOTIFY { channel, payload } => {
write!(f, "NOTIFY {channel}")?;
if let Some(payload) = payload {
write!(f, ", '{payload}'")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
}
}
/// Can use to describe options in create sequence or table column type identity
/// ```sql
/// [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
/// [ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
/// [ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum SequenceOptions {
IncrementBy(Expr, bool),
MinValue(Option<Expr>),
MaxValue(Option<Expr>),
StartWith(Expr, bool),
Cache(Expr),
Cycle(bool),
}
impl fmt::Display for SequenceOptions {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
SequenceOptions::IncrementBy(increment, by) => {
write!(
f,
" INCREMENT{by} {increment}",
by = if *by { " BY" } else { "" },
increment = increment
)
}
SequenceOptions::MinValue(Some(expr)) => {
write!(f, " MINVALUE {expr}")
}
SequenceOptions::MinValue(None) => {
write!(f, " NO MINVALUE")
}
SequenceOptions::MaxValue(Some(expr)) => {
write!(f, " MAXVALUE {expr}")
}
SequenceOptions::MaxValue(None) => {
write!(f, " NO MAXVALUE")
}
SequenceOptions::StartWith(start, with) => {
write!(
f,
" START{with} {start}",
with = if *with { " WITH" } else { "" },
start = start
)
}
SequenceOptions::Cache(cache) => {
write!(f, " CACHE {}", *cache)
}
SequenceOptions::Cycle(no) => {
write!(f, " {}CYCLE", if *no { "NO " } else { "" })
}
}
}
}
/// Target of a `TRUNCATE TABLE` command
///
/// Note this is its own struct because `visit_relation` requires an `ObjectName` (not a `Vec<ObjectName>`)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct TruncateTableTarget {
/// name of the table being truncated
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", visit(with = "visit_relation"))]
pub name: ObjectName,
}
impl fmt::Display for TruncateTableTarget {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.name)
}
}
/// PostgreSQL identity option for TRUNCATE table
/// [ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum TruncateIdentityOption {
Restart,
Continue,
}
/// PostgreSQL cascade option for TRUNCATE table
/// [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum TruncateCascadeOption {
Cascade,
Restrict,
}
/// Can use to describe options in create sequence or table column type identity
/// [ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum MinMaxValue {
// clause is not specified
Empty,
// NO MINVALUE/NO MAXVALUE
None,
// MINVALUE <expr> / MAXVALUE <expr>
Some(Expr),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum OnInsert {
/// ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE (MySQL when the key already exists, then execute an update instead)
DuplicateKeyUpdate(Vec<Assignment>),
/// ON CONFLICT is a PostgreSQL and Sqlite extension
OnConflict(OnConflict),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct InsertAliases {
pub row_alias: ObjectName,
pub col_aliases: Option<Vec<Ident>>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct OnConflict {
pub conflict_target: Option<ConflictTarget>,
pub action: OnConflictAction,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ConflictTarget {
Columns(Vec<Ident>),
OnConstraint(ObjectName),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum OnConflictAction {
DoNothing,
DoUpdate(DoUpdate),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct DoUpdate {
/// Column assignments
pub assignments: Vec<Assignment>,
/// WHERE
pub selection: Option<Expr>,
}
impl fmt::Display for OnInsert {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Self::DuplicateKeyUpdate(expr) => write!(
f,
" ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE {}",
display_comma_separated(expr)
),
Self::OnConflict(o) => write!(f, "{o}"),
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for OnConflict {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, " ON CONFLICT")?;
if let Some(target) = &self.conflict_target {
write!(f, "{target}")?;
}
write!(f, " {}", self.action)
}
}
impl fmt::Display for ConflictTarget {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
ConflictTarget::Columns(cols) => write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(cols)),
ConflictTarget::OnConstraint(name) => write!(f, " ON CONSTRAINT {name}"),
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for OnConflictAction {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Self::DoNothing => write!(f, "DO NOTHING"),
Self::DoUpdate(do_update) => {
write!(f, "DO UPDATE")?;
if !do_update.assignments.is_empty() {
write!(
f,
" SET {}",
display_comma_separated(&do_update.assignments)
)?;
}
if let Some(selection) = &do_update.selection {
write!(f, " WHERE {selection}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
}
}
/// Privileges granted in a GRANT statement or revoked in a REVOKE statement.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum Privileges {
/// All privileges applicable to the object type
All {
/// Optional keyword from the spec, ignored in practice
with_privileges_keyword: bool,
},
/// Specific privileges (e.g. `SELECT`, `INSERT`)
Actions(Vec<Action>),
}
impl fmt::Display for Privileges {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Privileges::All {
with_privileges_keyword,
} => {
write!(
f,
"ALL{}",
if *with_privileges_keyword {
" PRIVILEGES"
} else {
""
}
)
}
Privileges::Actions(actions) => {
write!(f, "{}", display_comma_separated(actions))
}
}
}
}
/// Specific direction for FETCH statement
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FetchDirection {
Count { limit: Value },
Next,
Prior,
First,
Last,
Absolute { limit: Value },
Relative { limit: Value },
All,
// FORWARD
// FORWARD count
Forward { limit: Option<Value> },
ForwardAll,
// BACKWARD
// BACKWARD count
Backward { limit: Option<Value> },
BackwardAll,
}
impl fmt::Display for FetchDirection {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FetchDirection::Count { limit } => f.write_str(&limit.to_string())?,
FetchDirection::Next => f.write_str("NEXT")?,
FetchDirection::Prior => f.write_str("PRIOR")?,
FetchDirection::First => f.write_str("FIRST")?,
FetchDirection::Last => f.write_str("LAST")?,
FetchDirection::Absolute { limit } => {
f.write_str("ABSOLUTE ")?;
f.write_str(&limit.to_string())?;
}
FetchDirection::Relative { limit } => {
f.write_str("RELATIVE ")?;
f.write_str(&limit.to_string())?;
}
FetchDirection::All => f.write_str("ALL")?,
FetchDirection::Forward { limit } => {
f.write_str("FORWARD")?;
if let Some(l) = limit {
f.write_str(" ")?;
f.write_str(&l.to_string())?;
}
}
FetchDirection::ForwardAll => f.write_str("FORWARD ALL")?,
FetchDirection::Backward { limit } => {
f.write_str("BACKWARD")?;
if let Some(l) = limit {
f.write_str(" ")?;
f.write_str(&l.to_string())?;
}
}
FetchDirection::BackwardAll => f.write_str("BACKWARD ALL")?,
};
Ok(())
}
}
/// A privilege on a database object (table, sequence, etc.).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum Action {
Connect,
Create,
Delete,
Execute,
Insert { columns: Option<Vec<Ident>> },
References { columns: Option<Vec<Ident>> },
Select { columns: Option<Vec<Ident>> },
Temporary,
Trigger,
Truncate,
Update { columns: Option<Vec<Ident>> },
Usage,
}
impl fmt::Display for Action {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Action::Connect => f.write_str("CONNECT")?,
Action::Create => f.write_str("CREATE")?,
Action::Delete => f.write_str("DELETE")?,
Action::Execute => f.write_str("EXECUTE")?,
Action::Insert { .. } => f.write_str("INSERT")?,
Action::References { .. } => f.write_str("REFERENCES")?,
Action::Select { .. } => f.write_str("SELECT")?,
Action::Temporary => f.write_str("TEMPORARY")?,
Action::Trigger => f.write_str("TRIGGER")?,
Action::Truncate => f.write_str("TRUNCATE")?,
Action::Update { .. } => f.write_str("UPDATE")?,
Action::Usage => f.write_str("USAGE")?,
};
match self {
Action::Insert { columns }
| Action::References { columns }
| Action::Select { columns }
| Action::Update { columns } => {
if let Some(columns) = columns {
write!(f, " ({})", display_comma_separated(columns))?;
}
}
_ => (),
};
Ok(())
}
}
/// Objects on which privileges are granted in a GRANT statement.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum GrantObjects {
/// Grant privileges on `ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA <schema_name> [, ...]`
AllSequencesInSchema { schemas: Vec<ObjectName> },
/// Grant privileges on `ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA <schema_name> [, ...]`
AllTablesInSchema { schemas: Vec<ObjectName> },
/// Grant privileges on specific schemas
Schemas(Vec<ObjectName>),
/// Grant privileges on specific sequences
Sequences(Vec<ObjectName>),
/// Grant privileges on specific tables
Tables(Vec<ObjectName>),
}
impl fmt::Display for GrantObjects {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
GrantObjects::Sequences(sequences) => {
write!(f, "SEQUENCE {}", display_comma_separated(sequences))
}
GrantObjects::Schemas(schemas) => {
write!(f, "SCHEMA {}", display_comma_separated(schemas))
}
GrantObjects::Tables(tables) => {
write!(f, "{}", display_comma_separated(tables))
}
GrantObjects::AllSequencesInSchema { schemas } => {
write!(
f,
"ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA {}",
display_comma_separated(schemas)
)
}
GrantObjects::AllTablesInSchema { schemas } => {
write!(
f,
"ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA {}",
display_comma_separated(schemas)
)
}
}
}
}
/// SQL assignment `foo = expr` as used in SQLUpdate
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct Assignment {
pub target: AssignmentTarget,
pub value: Expr,
}
impl fmt::Display for Assignment {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{} = {}", self.target, self.value)
}
}
/// Left-hand side of an assignment in an UPDATE statement,
/// e.g. `foo` in `foo = 5` (ColumnName assignment) or
/// `(a, b)` in `(a, b) = (1, 2)` (Tuple assignment).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum AssignmentTarget {
/// A single column
ColumnName(ObjectName),
/// A tuple of columns
Tuple(Vec<ObjectName>),
}
impl fmt::Display for AssignmentTarget {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
AssignmentTarget::ColumnName(column) => write!(f, "{}", column),
AssignmentTarget::Tuple(columns) => write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(columns)),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FunctionArgExpr {
Expr(Expr),
/// Qualified wildcard, e.g. `alias.*` or `schema.table.*`.
QualifiedWildcard(ObjectName),
/// An unqualified `*`
Wildcard,
}
impl From<Expr> for FunctionArgExpr {
fn from(wildcard_expr: Expr) -> Self {
match wildcard_expr {
Expr::QualifiedWildcard(prefix) => Self::QualifiedWildcard(prefix),
Expr::Wildcard => Self::Wildcard,
expr => Self::Expr(expr),
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionArgExpr {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionArgExpr::Expr(expr) => write!(f, "{expr}"),
FunctionArgExpr::QualifiedWildcard(prefix) => write!(f, "{prefix}.*"),
FunctionArgExpr::Wildcard => f.write_str("*"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
/// Operator used to separate function arguments
pub enum FunctionArgOperator {
/// function(arg1 = value1)
Equals,
/// function(arg1 => value1)
RightArrow,
/// function(arg1 := value1)
Assignment,
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionArgOperator {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionArgOperator::Equals => f.write_str("="),
FunctionArgOperator::RightArrow => f.write_str("=>"),
FunctionArgOperator::Assignment => f.write_str(":="),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FunctionArg {
Named {
name: Ident,
arg: FunctionArgExpr,
operator: FunctionArgOperator,
},
Unnamed(FunctionArgExpr),
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionArg {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionArg::Named {
name,
arg,
operator,
} => write!(f, "{name} {operator} {arg}"),
FunctionArg::Unnamed(unnamed_arg) => write!(f, "{unnamed_arg}"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CloseCursor {
All,
Specific { name: Ident },
}
impl fmt::Display for CloseCursor {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
CloseCursor::All => write!(f, "ALL"),
CloseCursor::Specific { name } => write!(f, "{name}"),
}
}
}
/// A function call
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct Function {
pub name: ObjectName,
/// The parameters to the function, including any options specified within the
/// delimiting parentheses.
///
/// Example:
/// ```plaintext
/// HISTOGRAM(0.5, 0.6)(x, y)
/// ```
///
/// [ClickHouse](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/parametric-functions)
pub parameters: FunctionArguments,
/// The arguments to the function, including any options specified within the
/// delimiting parentheses.
pub args: FunctionArguments,
/// e.g. `x > 5` in `COUNT(x) FILTER (WHERE x > 5)`
pub filter: Option<Box<Expr>>,
/// Indicates how `NULL`s should be handled in the calculation.
///
/// Example:
/// ```plaintext
/// FIRST_VALUE( <expr> ) [ { IGNORE | RESPECT } NULLS ] OVER ...
/// ```
///
/// [Snowflake](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/first_value)
pub null_treatment: Option<NullTreatment>,
/// The `OVER` clause, indicating a window function call.
pub over: Option<WindowType>,
/// A clause used with certain aggregate functions to control the ordering
/// within grouped sets before the function is applied.
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```plaintext
/// <aggregate_function>(expression) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY key [ASC | DESC], ...)
/// ```
pub within_group: Vec<OrderByExpr>,
}
impl fmt::Display for Function {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}{}{}", self.name, self.parameters, self.args)?;
if !self.within_group.is_empty() {
write!(
f,
" WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY {})",
display_comma_separated(&self.within_group)
)?;
}
if let Some(filter_cond) = &self.filter {
write!(f, " FILTER (WHERE {filter_cond})")?;
}
if let Some(null_treatment) = &self.null_treatment {
write!(f, " {null_treatment}")?;
}
if let Some(o) = &self.over {
write!(f, " OVER {o}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// The arguments passed to a function call.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FunctionArguments {
/// Used for special functions like `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` that are invoked
/// without parentheses.
None,
/// On some dialects, a subquery can be passed without surrounding
/// parentheses if it's the sole argument to the function.
Subquery(Box<Query>),
/// A normal function argument list, including any clauses within it such as
/// `DISTINCT` or `ORDER BY`.
List(FunctionArgumentList),
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionArguments {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionArguments::None => Ok(()),
FunctionArguments::Subquery(query) => write!(f, "({})", query),
FunctionArguments::List(args) => write!(f, "({})", args),
}
}
}
/// This represents everything inside the parentheses when calling a function.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct FunctionArgumentList {
/// `[ ALL | DISTINCT ]`
pub duplicate_treatment: Option<DuplicateTreatment>,
/// The function arguments.
pub args: Vec<FunctionArg>,
/// Additional clauses specified within the argument list.
pub clauses: Vec<FunctionArgumentClause>,
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionArgumentList {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
if let Some(duplicate_treatment) = self.duplicate_treatment {
write!(f, "{} ", duplicate_treatment)?;
}
write!(f, "{}", display_comma_separated(&self.args))?;
if !self.clauses.is_empty() {
write!(f, " {}", display_separated(&self.clauses, " "))?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FunctionArgumentClause {
/// Indicates how `NULL`s should be handled in the calculation, e.g. in `FIRST_VALUE` on [BigQuery].
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```plaintext
/// { IGNORE | RESPECT } NULLS ]
/// ```
///
/// [BigQuery]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/navigation_functions#first_value
IgnoreOrRespectNulls(NullTreatment),
/// Specifies the the ordering for some ordered set aggregates, e.g. `ARRAY_AGG` on [BigQuery].
///
/// [BigQuery]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/aggregate_functions#array_agg
OrderBy(Vec<OrderByExpr>),
/// Specifies a limit for the `ARRAY_AGG` and `ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG` functions on BigQuery.
Limit(Expr),
/// Specifies the behavior on overflow of the `LISTAGG` function.
///
/// See <https://trino.io/docs/current/functions/aggregate.html>.
OnOverflow(ListAggOnOverflow),
/// Specifies a minimum or maximum bound on the input to [`ANY_VALUE`] on BigQuery.
///
/// Syntax:
/// ```plaintext
/// HAVING { MAX | MIN } expression
/// ```
///
/// [`ANY_VALUE`]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/aggregate_functions#any_value
Having(HavingBound),
/// The `SEPARATOR` clause to the [`GROUP_CONCAT`] function in MySQL.
///
/// [`GROUP_CONCAT`]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/aggregate-functions.html#function_group-concat
Separator(Value),
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionArgumentClause {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionArgumentClause::IgnoreOrRespectNulls(null_treatment) => {
write!(f, "{}", null_treatment)
}
FunctionArgumentClause::OrderBy(order_by) => {
write!(f, "ORDER BY {}", display_comma_separated(order_by))
}
FunctionArgumentClause::Limit(limit) => write!(f, "LIMIT {limit}"),
FunctionArgumentClause::OnOverflow(on_overflow) => write!(f, "{on_overflow}"),
FunctionArgumentClause::Having(bound) => write!(f, "{bound}"),
FunctionArgumentClause::Separator(sep) => write!(f, "SEPARATOR {sep}"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum DuplicateTreatment {
/// Perform the calculation only unique values.
Distinct,
/// Retain all duplicate values (the default).
All,
}
impl fmt::Display for DuplicateTreatment {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
DuplicateTreatment::Distinct => write!(f, "DISTINCT"),
DuplicateTreatment::All => write!(f, "ALL"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum AnalyzeFormat {
TEXT,
GRAPHVIZ,
JSON,
}
impl fmt::Display for AnalyzeFormat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
f.write_str(match self {
AnalyzeFormat::TEXT => "TEXT",
AnalyzeFormat::GRAPHVIZ => "GRAPHVIZ",
AnalyzeFormat::JSON => "JSON",
})
}
}
/// External table's available file format
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FileFormat {
TEXTFILE,
SEQUENCEFILE,
ORC,
PARQUET,
AVRO,
RCFILE,
JSONFILE,
}
impl fmt::Display for FileFormat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use self::FileFormat::*;
f.write_str(match self {
TEXTFILE => "TEXTFILE",
SEQUENCEFILE => "SEQUENCEFILE",
ORC => "ORC",
PARQUET => "PARQUET",
AVRO => "AVRO",
RCFILE => "RCFILE",
JSONFILE => "JSONFILE",
})
}
}
/// The `ON OVERFLOW` clause of a LISTAGG invocation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ListAggOnOverflow {
/// `ON OVERFLOW ERROR`
Error,
/// `ON OVERFLOW TRUNCATE [ <filler> ] WITH[OUT] COUNT`
Truncate {
filler: Option<Box<Expr>>,
with_count: bool,
},
}
impl fmt::Display for ListAggOnOverflow {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "ON OVERFLOW")?;
match self {
ListAggOnOverflow::Error => write!(f, " ERROR"),
ListAggOnOverflow::Truncate { filler, with_count } => {
write!(f, " TRUNCATE")?;
if let Some(filler) = filler {
write!(f, " {filler}")?;
}
if *with_count {
write!(f, " WITH")?;
} else {
write!(f, " WITHOUT")?;
}
write!(f, " COUNT")
}
}
}
}
/// The `HAVING` clause in a call to `ANY_VALUE` on BigQuery.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct HavingBound(pub HavingBoundKind, pub Expr);
impl fmt::Display for HavingBound {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "HAVING {} {}", self.0, self.1)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum HavingBoundKind {
Min,
Max,
}
impl fmt::Display for HavingBoundKind {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
HavingBoundKind::Min => write!(f, "MIN"),
HavingBoundKind::Max => write!(f, "MAX"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ObjectType {
Table,
View,
Index,
Schema,
Database,
Role,
Sequence,
Stage,
Type,
}
impl fmt::Display for ObjectType {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(match self {
ObjectType::Table => "TABLE",
ObjectType::View => "VIEW",
ObjectType::Index => "INDEX",
ObjectType::Schema => "SCHEMA",
ObjectType::Database => "DATABASE",
ObjectType::Role => "ROLE",
ObjectType::Sequence => "SEQUENCE",
ObjectType::Stage => "STAGE",
ObjectType::Type => "TYPE",
})
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum KillType {
Connection,
Query,
Mutation,
}
impl fmt::Display for KillType {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str(match self {
// MySQL
KillType::Connection => "CONNECTION",
KillType::Query => "QUERY",
// Clickhouse supports Mutation
KillType::Mutation => "MUTATION",
})
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum HiveDistributionStyle {
PARTITIONED {
columns: Vec<ColumnDef>,
},
SKEWED {
columns: Vec<ColumnDef>,
on: Vec<ColumnDef>,
stored_as_directories: bool,
},
NONE,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum HiveRowFormat {
SERDE { class: String },
DELIMITED { delimiters: Vec<HiveRowDelimiter> },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct HiveRowDelimiter {
pub delimiter: HiveDelimiter,
pub char: Ident,
}
impl fmt::Display for HiveRowDelimiter {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{} ", self.delimiter)?;
write!(f, "{}", self.char)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum HiveDelimiter {
FieldsTerminatedBy,
FieldsEscapedBy,
CollectionItemsTerminatedBy,
MapKeysTerminatedBy,
LinesTerminatedBy,
NullDefinedAs,
}
impl fmt::Display for HiveDelimiter {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
use HiveDelimiter::*;
f.write_str(match self {
FieldsTerminatedBy => "FIELDS TERMINATED BY",
FieldsEscapedBy => "ESCAPED BY",
CollectionItemsTerminatedBy => "COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY",
MapKeysTerminatedBy => "MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY",
LinesTerminatedBy => "LINES TERMINATED BY",
NullDefinedAs => "NULL DEFINED AS",
})
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum HiveDescribeFormat {
Extended,
Formatted,
}
impl fmt::Display for HiveDescribeFormat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
use HiveDescribeFormat::*;
f.write_str(match self {
Extended => "EXTENDED",
Formatted => "FORMATTED",
})
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum DescribeAlias {
Describe,
Explain,
Desc,
}
impl fmt::Display for DescribeAlias {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
use DescribeAlias::*;
f.write_str(match self {
Describe => "DESCRIBE",
Explain => "EXPLAIN",
Desc => "DESC",
})
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
pub enum HiveIOFormat {
IOF {
input_format: Expr,
output_format: Expr,
},
FileFormat {
format: FileFormat,
},
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct HiveFormat {
pub row_format: Option<HiveRowFormat>,
pub serde_properties: Option<Vec<SqlOption>>,
pub storage: Option<HiveIOFormat>,
pub location: Option<String>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct ClusteredIndex {
pub name: Ident,
pub asc: Option<bool>,
}
impl fmt::Display for ClusteredIndex {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.name)?;
match self.asc {
Some(true) => write!(f, " ASC"),
Some(false) => write!(f, " DESC"),
_ => Ok(()),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum TableOptionsClustered {
ColumnstoreIndex,
ColumnstoreIndexOrder(Vec<Ident>),
Index(Vec<ClusteredIndex>),
}
impl fmt::Display for TableOptionsClustered {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
TableOptionsClustered::ColumnstoreIndex => {
write!(f, "CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE INDEX")
}
TableOptionsClustered::ColumnstoreIndexOrder(values) => {
write!(
f,
"CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE INDEX ORDER ({})",
display_comma_separated(values)
)
}
TableOptionsClustered::Index(values) => {
write!(f, "CLUSTERED INDEX ({})", display_comma_separated(values))
}
}
}
}
/// Specifies which partition the boundary values on table partitioning belongs to.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum PartitionRangeDirection {
Left,
Right,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum SqlOption {
/// Clustered represents the clustered version of table storage for MSSQL.
///
/// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-table-azure-sql-data-warehouse?view=aps-pdw-2016-au7#TableOptions>
Clustered(TableOptionsClustered),
/// Single identifier options, e.g. `HEAP` for MSSQL.
///
/// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-table-azure-sql-data-warehouse?view=aps-pdw-2016-au7#TableOptions>
Ident(Ident),
/// Any option that consists of a key value pair where the value is an expression. e.g.
///
/// WITH(DISTRIBUTION = ROUND_ROBIN)
KeyValue { key: Ident, value: Expr },
/// One or more table partitions and represents which partition the boundary values belong to,
/// e.g.
///
/// PARTITION (id RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES (10, 20, 30, 40))
///
/// <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-table-azure-sql-data-warehouse?view=aps-pdw-2016-au7#TablePartitionOptions>
Partition {
column_name: Ident,
range_direction: Option<PartitionRangeDirection>,
for_values: Vec<Expr>,
},
}
impl fmt::Display for SqlOption {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
SqlOption::Clustered(c) => write!(f, "{}", c),
SqlOption::Ident(ident) => {
write!(f, "{}", ident)
}
SqlOption::KeyValue { key: name, value } => {
write!(f, "{} = {}", name, value)
}
SqlOption::Partition {
column_name,
range_direction,
for_values,
} => {
let direction = match range_direction {
Some(PartitionRangeDirection::Left) => " LEFT",
Some(PartitionRangeDirection::Right) => " RIGHT",
None => "",
};
write!(
f,
"PARTITION ({} RANGE{} FOR VALUES ({}))",
column_name,
direction,
display_comma_separated(for_values)
)
}
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct SecretOption {
pub key: Ident,
pub value: Ident,
}
impl fmt::Display for SecretOption {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{} {}", self.key, self.value)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum AttachDuckDBDatabaseOption {
ReadOnly(Option<bool>),
Type(Ident),
}
impl fmt::Display for AttachDuckDBDatabaseOption {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
AttachDuckDBDatabaseOption::ReadOnly(Some(true)) => write!(f, "READ_ONLY true"),
AttachDuckDBDatabaseOption::ReadOnly(Some(false)) => write!(f, "READ_ONLY false"),
AttachDuckDBDatabaseOption::ReadOnly(None) => write!(f, "READ_ONLY"),
AttachDuckDBDatabaseOption::Type(t) => write!(f, "TYPE {}", t),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum TransactionMode {
AccessMode(TransactionAccessMode),
IsolationLevel(TransactionIsolationLevel),
}
impl fmt::Display for TransactionMode {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use TransactionMode::*;
match self {
AccessMode(access_mode) => write!(f, "{access_mode}"),
IsolationLevel(iso_level) => write!(f, "ISOLATION LEVEL {iso_level}"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum TransactionAccessMode {
ReadOnly,
ReadWrite,
}
impl fmt::Display for TransactionAccessMode {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use TransactionAccessMode::*;
f.write_str(match self {
ReadOnly => "READ ONLY",
ReadWrite => "READ WRITE",
})
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum TransactionIsolationLevel {
ReadUncommitted,
ReadCommitted,
RepeatableRead,
Serializable,
}
impl fmt::Display for TransactionIsolationLevel {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use TransactionIsolationLevel::*;
f.write_str(match self {
ReadUncommitted => "READ UNCOMMITTED",
ReadCommitted => "READ COMMITTED",
RepeatableRead => "REPEATABLE READ",
Serializable => "SERIALIZABLE",
})
}
}
/// SQLite specific syntax
///
/// <https://sqlite.org/lang_transaction.html>
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum TransactionModifier {
Deferred,
Immediate,
Exclusive,
}
impl fmt::Display for TransactionModifier {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use TransactionModifier::*;
f.write_str(match self {
Deferred => "DEFERRED",
Immediate => "IMMEDIATE",
Exclusive => "EXCLUSIVE",
})
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ShowStatementFilter {
Like(String),
ILike(String),
Where(Expr),
NoKeyword(String),
}
impl fmt::Display for ShowStatementFilter {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use ShowStatementFilter::*;
match self {
Like(pattern) => write!(f, "LIKE '{}'", value::escape_single_quote_string(pattern)),
ILike(pattern) => write!(f, "ILIKE {}", value::escape_single_quote_string(pattern)),
Where(expr) => write!(f, "WHERE {expr}"),
NoKeyword(pattern) => write!(f, "'{}'", value::escape_single_quote_string(pattern)),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ShowClause {
IN,
FROM,
}
impl fmt::Display for ShowClause {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use ShowClause::*;
match self {
FROM => write!(f, "FROM"),
IN => write!(f, "IN"),
}
}
}
/// Sqlite specific syntax
///
/// See [Sqlite documentation](https://sqlite.org/lang_conflict.html)
/// for more details.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum SqliteOnConflict {
Rollback,
Abort,
Fail,
Ignore,
Replace,
}
impl fmt::Display for SqliteOnConflict {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use SqliteOnConflict::*;
match self {
Rollback => write!(f, "ROLLBACK"),
Abort => write!(f, "ABORT"),
Fail => write!(f, "FAIL"),
Ignore => write!(f, "IGNORE"),
Replace => write!(f, "REPLACE"),
}
}
}
/// Mysql specific syntax
///
/// See [Mysql documentation](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/replace.html)
/// See [Mysql documentation](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/insert.html)
/// for more details.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum MysqlInsertPriority {
LowPriority,
Delayed,
HighPriority,
}
impl fmt::Display for crate::ast::MysqlInsertPriority {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use MysqlInsertPriority::*;
match self {
LowPriority => write!(f, "LOW_PRIORITY"),
Delayed => write!(f, "DELAYED"),
HighPriority => write!(f, "HIGH_PRIORITY"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CopySource {
Table {
/// The name of the table to copy from.
table_name: ObjectName,
/// A list of column names to copy. Empty list means that all columns
/// are copied.
columns: Vec<Ident>,
},
Query(Box<Query>),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CopyTarget {
Stdin,
Stdout,
File {
/// The path name of the input or output file.
filename: String,
},
Program {
/// A command to execute
command: String,
},
}
impl fmt::Display for CopyTarget {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use CopyTarget::*;
match self {
Stdin { .. } => write!(f, "STDIN"),
Stdout => write!(f, "STDOUT"),
File { filename } => write!(f, "'{}'", value::escape_single_quote_string(filename)),
Program { command } => write!(
f,
"PROGRAM '{}'",
value::escape_single_quote_string(command)
),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum OnCommit {
DeleteRows,
PreserveRows,
Drop,
}
/// An option in `COPY` statement.
///
/// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/sql-copy.html>
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CopyOption {
/// FORMAT format_name
Format(Ident),
/// FREEZE \[ boolean \]
Freeze(bool),
/// DELIMITER 'delimiter_character'
Delimiter(char),
/// NULL 'null_string'
Null(String),
/// HEADER \[ boolean \]
Header(bool),
/// QUOTE 'quote_character'
Quote(char),
/// ESCAPE 'escape_character'
Escape(char),
/// FORCE_QUOTE { ( column_name [, ...] ) | * }
ForceQuote(Vec<Ident>),
/// FORCE_NOT_NULL ( column_name [, ...] )
ForceNotNull(Vec<Ident>),
/// FORCE_NULL ( column_name [, ...] )
ForceNull(Vec<Ident>),
/// ENCODING 'encoding_name'
Encoding(String),
}
impl fmt::Display for CopyOption {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use CopyOption::*;
match self {
Format(name) => write!(f, "FORMAT {name}"),
Freeze(true) => write!(f, "FREEZE"),
Freeze(false) => write!(f, "FREEZE FALSE"),
Delimiter(char) => write!(f, "DELIMITER '{char}'"),
Null(string) => write!(f, "NULL '{}'", value::escape_single_quote_string(string)),
Header(true) => write!(f, "HEADER"),
Header(false) => write!(f, "HEADER FALSE"),
Quote(char) => write!(f, "QUOTE '{char}'"),
Escape(char) => write!(f, "ESCAPE '{char}'"),
ForceQuote(columns) => write!(f, "FORCE_QUOTE ({})", display_comma_separated(columns)),
ForceNotNull(columns) => {
write!(f, "FORCE_NOT_NULL ({})", display_comma_separated(columns))
}
ForceNull(columns) => write!(f, "FORCE_NULL ({})", display_comma_separated(columns)),
Encoding(name) => write!(f, "ENCODING '{}'", value::escape_single_quote_string(name)),
}
}
}
/// An option in `COPY` statement before PostgreSQL version 9.0.
///
/// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/sql-copy.html>
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CopyLegacyOption {
/// BINARY
Binary,
/// DELIMITER \[ AS \] 'delimiter_character'
Delimiter(char),
/// NULL \[ AS \] 'null_string'
Null(String),
/// CSV ...
Csv(Vec<CopyLegacyCsvOption>),
}
impl fmt::Display for CopyLegacyOption {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use CopyLegacyOption::*;
match self {
Binary => write!(f, "BINARY"),
Delimiter(char) => write!(f, "DELIMITER '{char}'"),
Null(string) => write!(f, "NULL '{}'", value::escape_single_quote_string(string)),
Csv(opts) => write!(f, "CSV {}", display_separated(opts, " ")),
}
}
}
/// A `CSV` option in `COPY` statement before PostgreSQL version 9.0.
///
/// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/sql-copy.html>
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CopyLegacyCsvOption {
/// HEADER
Header,
/// QUOTE \[ AS \] 'quote_character'
Quote(char),
/// ESCAPE \[ AS \] 'escape_character'
Escape(char),
/// FORCE QUOTE { column_name [, ...] | * }
ForceQuote(Vec<Ident>),
/// FORCE NOT NULL column_name [, ...]
ForceNotNull(Vec<Ident>),
}
impl fmt::Display for CopyLegacyCsvOption {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
use CopyLegacyCsvOption::*;
match self {
Header => write!(f, "HEADER"),
Quote(char) => write!(f, "QUOTE '{char}'"),
Escape(char) => write!(f, "ESCAPE '{char}'"),
ForceQuote(columns) => write!(f, "FORCE QUOTE {}", display_comma_separated(columns)),
ForceNotNull(columns) => {
write!(f, "FORCE NOT NULL {}", display_comma_separated(columns))
}
}
}
}
/// Variant of `WHEN` clause used within a `MERGE` Statement.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// MERGE INTO T USING U ON FALSE WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE
/// ```
/// [Snowflake](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/merge)
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum MergeClauseKind {
/// `WHEN MATCHED`
Matched,
/// `WHEN NOT MATCHED`
NotMatched,
/// `WHEN MATCHED BY TARGET`
///
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
NotMatchedByTarget,
/// `WHEN MATCHED BY SOURCE`
///
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
NotMatchedBySource,
}
impl Display for MergeClauseKind {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
MergeClauseKind::Matched => write!(f, "MATCHED"),
MergeClauseKind::NotMatched => write!(f, "NOT MATCHED"),
MergeClauseKind::NotMatchedByTarget => write!(f, "NOT MATCHED BY TARGET"),
MergeClauseKind::NotMatchedBySource => write!(f, "NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE"),
}
}
}
/// The type of expression used to insert rows within a `MERGE` statement.
///
/// [Snowflake](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/merge)
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum MergeInsertKind {
/// The insert expression is defined from an explicit `VALUES` clause
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// INSERT VALUES(product, quantity)
/// ```
Values(Values),
/// The insert expression is defined using only the `ROW` keyword.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// INSERT ROW
/// ```
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
Row,
}
impl Display for MergeInsertKind {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
MergeInsertKind::Values(values) => {
write!(f, "{values}")
}
MergeInsertKind::Row => {
write!(f, "ROW")
}
}
}
}
/// The expression used to insert rows within a `MERGE` statement.
///
/// Examples
/// ```sql
/// INSERT (product, quantity) VALUES(product, quantity)
/// INSERT ROW
/// ```
///
/// [Snowflake](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/merge)
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct MergeInsertExpr {
/// Columns (if any) specified by the insert.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// INSERT (product, quantity) VALUES(product, quantity)
/// INSERT (product, quantity) ROW
/// ```
pub columns: Vec<Ident>,
/// The insert type used by the statement.
pub kind: MergeInsertKind,
}
impl Display for MergeInsertExpr {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
if !self.columns.is_empty() {
write!(f, "({}) ", display_comma_separated(self.columns.as_slice()))?;
}
write!(f, "{}", self.kind)
}
}
/// Underlying statement of a when clause within a `MERGE` Statement
///
/// Example
/// ```sql
/// INSERT (product, quantity) VALUES(product, quantity)
/// ```
///
/// [Snowflake](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/merge)
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum MergeAction {
/// An `INSERT` clause
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// INSERT (product, quantity) VALUES(product, quantity)
/// ```
Insert(MergeInsertExpr),
/// An `UPDATE` clause
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// UPDATE SET quantity = T.quantity + S.quantity
/// ```
Update { assignments: Vec<Assignment> },
/// A plain `DELETE` clause
Delete,
}
impl Display for MergeAction {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
MergeAction::Insert(insert) => {
write!(f, "INSERT {insert}")
}
MergeAction::Update { assignments } => {
write!(f, "UPDATE SET {}", display_comma_separated(assignments))
}
MergeAction::Delete => {
write!(f, "DELETE")
}
}
}
}
/// A when clause within a `MERGE` Statement
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE AND product LIKE '%washer%' THEN DELETE
/// ```
/// [Snowflake](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/merge)
/// [BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/dml-syntax#merge_statement)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct MergeClause {
pub clause_kind: MergeClauseKind,
pub predicate: Option<Expr>,
pub action: MergeAction,
}
impl Display for MergeClause {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
let MergeClause {
clause_kind,
predicate,
action,
} = self;
write!(f, "WHEN {clause_kind}")?;
if let Some(pred) = predicate {
write!(f, " AND {pred}")?;
}
write!(f, " THEN {action}")
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum DiscardObject {
ALL,
PLANS,
SEQUENCES,
TEMP,
}
impl fmt::Display for DiscardObject {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
DiscardObject::ALL => f.write_str("ALL"),
DiscardObject::PLANS => f.write_str("PLANS"),
DiscardObject::SEQUENCES => f.write_str("SEQUENCES"),
DiscardObject::TEMP => f.write_str("TEMP"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FlushType {
BinaryLogs,
EngineLogs,
ErrorLogs,
GeneralLogs,
Hosts,
Logs,
Privileges,
OptimizerCosts,
RelayLogs,
SlowLogs,
Status,
UserResources,
Tables,
}
impl fmt::Display for FlushType {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FlushType::BinaryLogs => f.write_str("BINARY LOGS"),
FlushType::EngineLogs => f.write_str("ENGINE LOGS"),
FlushType::ErrorLogs => f.write_str("ERROR LOGS"),
FlushType::GeneralLogs => f.write_str("GENERAL LOGS"),
FlushType::Hosts => f.write_str("HOSTS"),
FlushType::Logs => f.write_str("LOGS"),
FlushType::Privileges => f.write_str("PRIVILEGES"),
FlushType::OptimizerCosts => f.write_str("OPTIMIZER_COSTS"),
FlushType::RelayLogs => f.write_str("RELAY LOGS"),
FlushType::SlowLogs => f.write_str("SLOW LOGS"),
FlushType::Status => f.write_str("STATUS"),
FlushType::UserResources => f.write_str("USER_RESOURCES"),
FlushType::Tables => f.write_str("TABLES"),
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FlushLocation {
NoWriteToBinlog,
Local,
}
impl fmt::Display for FlushLocation {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FlushLocation::NoWriteToBinlog => f.write_str("NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG"),
FlushLocation::Local => f.write_str("LOCAL"),
}
}
}
/// Optional context modifier for statements that can be or `LOCAL`, or `SESSION`.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ContextModifier {
/// No context defined. Each dialect defines the default in this scenario.
None,
/// `LOCAL` identifier, usually related to transactional states.
Local,
/// `SESSION` identifier
Session,
}
impl fmt::Display for ContextModifier {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Self::None => {
write!(f, "")
}
Self::Local => {
write!(f, " LOCAL")
}
Self::Session => {
write!(f, " SESSION")
}
}
}
}
/// Function describe in DROP FUNCTION.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub enum DropFunctionOption {
Restrict,
Cascade,
}
impl fmt::Display for DropFunctionOption {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
DropFunctionOption::Restrict => write!(f, "RESTRICT "),
DropFunctionOption::Cascade => write!(f, "CASCADE "),
}
}
}
/// Generic function description for DROP FUNCTION and CREATE TRIGGER.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct FunctionDesc {
pub name: ObjectName,
pub args: Option<Vec<OperateFunctionArg>>,
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionDesc {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.name)?;
if let Some(args) = &self.args {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(args))?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// Function argument in CREATE OR DROP FUNCTION.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct OperateFunctionArg {
pub mode: Option<ArgMode>,
pub name: Option<Ident>,
pub data_type: DataType,
pub default_expr: Option<Expr>,
}
impl OperateFunctionArg {
/// Returns an unnamed argument.
pub fn unnamed(data_type: DataType) -> Self {
Self {
mode: None,
name: None,
data_type,
default_expr: None,
}
}
/// Returns an argument with name.
pub fn with_name(name: &str, data_type: DataType) -> Self {
Self {
mode: None,
name: Some(name.into()),
data_type,
default_expr: None,
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for OperateFunctionArg {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
if let Some(mode) = &self.mode {
write!(f, "{mode} ")?;
}
if let Some(name) = &self.name {
write!(f, "{name} ")?;
}
write!(f, "{}", self.data_type)?;
if let Some(default_expr) = &self.default_expr {
write!(f, " = {default_expr}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// The mode of an argument in CREATE FUNCTION.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum ArgMode {
In,
Out,
InOut,
}
impl fmt::Display for ArgMode {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
ArgMode::In => write!(f, "IN"),
ArgMode::Out => write!(f, "OUT"),
ArgMode::InOut => write!(f, "INOUT"),
}
}
}
/// These attributes inform the query optimizer about the behavior of the function.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FunctionBehavior {
Immutable,
Stable,
Volatile,
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionBehavior {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionBehavior::Immutable => write!(f, "IMMUTABLE"),
FunctionBehavior::Stable => write!(f, "STABLE"),
FunctionBehavior::Volatile => write!(f, "VOLATILE"),
}
}
}
/// These attributes describe the behavior of the function when called with a null argument.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FunctionCalledOnNull {
CalledOnNullInput,
ReturnsNullOnNullInput,
Strict,
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionCalledOnNull {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionCalledOnNull::CalledOnNullInput => write!(f, "CALLED ON NULL INPUT"),
FunctionCalledOnNull::ReturnsNullOnNullInput => write!(f, "RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT"),
FunctionCalledOnNull::Strict => write!(f, "STRICT"),
}
}
}
/// If it is safe for PostgreSQL to call the function from multiple threads at once
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FunctionParallel {
Unsafe,
Restricted,
Safe,
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionParallel {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionParallel::Unsafe => write!(f, "PARALLEL UNSAFE"),
FunctionParallel::Restricted => write!(f, "PARALLEL RESTRICTED"),
FunctionParallel::Safe => write!(f, "PARALLEL SAFE"),
}
}
}
/// [BigQuery] Determinism specifier used in a UDF definition.
///
/// [BigQuery]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#syntax_11
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum FunctionDeterminismSpecifier {
Deterministic,
NotDeterministic,
}
impl fmt::Display for FunctionDeterminismSpecifier {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
FunctionDeterminismSpecifier::Deterministic => {
write!(f, "DETERMINISTIC")
}
FunctionDeterminismSpecifier::NotDeterministic => {
write!(f, "NOT DETERMINISTIC")
}
}
}
}
/// Represent the expression body of a `CREATE FUNCTION` statement as well as
/// where within the statement, the body shows up.
///
/// [BigQuery]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#syntax_11
/// [Postgres]: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/sql-createfunction.html
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CreateFunctionBody {
/// A function body expression using the 'AS' keyword and shows up
/// before any `OPTIONS` clause.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// CREATE FUNCTION myfunc(x FLOAT64, y FLOAT64) RETURNS FLOAT64
/// AS (x * y)
/// OPTIONS(description="desc");
/// ```
///
/// [BigQuery]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#syntax_11
AsBeforeOptions(Expr),
/// A function body expression using the 'AS' keyword and shows up
/// after any `OPTIONS` clause.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// CREATE FUNCTION myfunc(x FLOAT64, y FLOAT64) RETURNS FLOAT64
/// OPTIONS(description="desc")
/// AS (x * y);
/// ```
///
/// [BigQuery]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#syntax_11
AsAfterOptions(Expr),
/// Function body expression using the 'RETURN' keyword.
///
/// Example:
/// ```sql
/// CREATE FUNCTION myfunc(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1) RETURNS INTEGER
/// LANGUAGE SQL
/// RETURN a + b;
/// ```
///
/// [Postgres]: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createfunction.html
Return(Expr),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CreateFunctionUsing {
Jar(String),
File(String),
Archive(String),
}
impl fmt::Display for CreateFunctionUsing {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "USING ")?;
match self {
CreateFunctionUsing::Jar(uri) => write!(f, "JAR '{uri}'"),
CreateFunctionUsing::File(uri) => write!(f, "FILE '{uri}'"),
CreateFunctionUsing::Archive(uri) => write!(f, "ARCHIVE '{uri}'"),
}
}
}
/// `NAME = <EXPR>` arguments for DuckDB macros
///
/// See [Create Macro - DuckDB](https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/create_macro)
/// for more details
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct MacroArg {
pub name: Ident,
pub default_expr: Option<Expr>,
}
impl MacroArg {
/// Returns an argument with name.
pub fn new(name: &str) -> Self {
Self {
name: name.into(),
default_expr: None,
}
}
}
impl fmt::Display for MacroArg {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.name)?;
if let Some(default_expr) = &self.default_expr {
write!(f, " := {default_expr}")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum MacroDefinition {
Expr(Expr),
Table(Box<Query>),
}
impl fmt::Display for MacroDefinition {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
MacroDefinition::Expr(expr) => write!(f, "{expr}")?,
MacroDefinition::Table(query) => write!(f, "{query}")?,
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// Schema possible naming variants ([1]).
///
/// [1]: https://jakewheat.github.io/sql-overview/sql-2016-foundation-grammar.html#schema-definition
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum SchemaName {
/// Only schema name specified: `<schema name>`.
Simple(ObjectName),
/// Only authorization identifier specified: `AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier>`.
UnnamedAuthorization(Ident),
/// Both schema name and authorization identifier specified: `<schema name> AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier>`.
NamedAuthorization(ObjectName, Ident),
}
impl fmt::Display for SchemaName {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
SchemaName::Simple(name) => {
write!(f, "{name}")
}
SchemaName::UnnamedAuthorization(authorization) => {
write!(f, "AUTHORIZATION {authorization}")
}
SchemaName::NamedAuthorization(name, authorization) => {
write!(f, "{name} AUTHORIZATION {authorization}")
}
}
}
}
/// Fulltext search modifiers ([1]).
///
/// [1]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/fulltext-search.html#function_match
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum SearchModifier {
/// `IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE`.
InNaturalLanguageMode,
/// `IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE WITH QUERY EXPANSION`.
InNaturalLanguageModeWithQueryExpansion,
///`IN BOOLEAN MODE`.
InBooleanMode,
///`WITH QUERY EXPANSION`.
WithQueryExpansion,
}
impl fmt::Display for SearchModifier {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Self::InNaturalLanguageMode => {
write!(f, "IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE")?;
}
Self::InNaturalLanguageModeWithQueryExpansion => {
write!(f, "IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE WITH QUERY EXPANSION")?;
}
Self::InBooleanMode => {
write!(f, "IN BOOLEAN MODE")?;
}
Self::WithQueryExpansion => {
write!(f, "WITH QUERY EXPANSION")?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct LockTable {
pub table: Ident,
pub alias: Option<Ident>,
pub lock_type: LockTableType,
}
impl fmt::Display for LockTable {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let Self {
table: tbl_name,
alias,
lock_type,
} = self;
write!(f, "{tbl_name} ")?;
if let Some(alias) = alias {
write!(f, "AS {alias} ")?;
}
write!(f, "{lock_type}")?;
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum LockTableType {
Read { local: bool },
Write { low_priority: bool },
}
impl fmt::Display for LockTableType {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
Self::Read { local } => {
write!(f, "READ")?;
if *local {
write!(f, " LOCAL")?;
}
}
Self::Write { low_priority } => {
if *low_priority {
write!(f, "LOW_PRIORITY ")?;
}
write!(f, "WRITE")?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct HiveSetLocation {
pub has_set: bool,
pub location: Ident,
}
impl fmt::Display for HiveSetLocation {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
if self.has_set {
write!(f, "SET ")?;
}
write!(f, "LOCATION {}", self.location)
}
}
/// MySQL `ALTER TABLE` only [FIRST | AFTER column_name]
#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum MySQLColumnPosition {
First,
After(Ident),
}
impl Display for MySQLColumnPosition {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
MySQLColumnPosition::First => Ok(write!(f, "FIRST")?),
MySQLColumnPosition::After(ident) => {
let column_name = &ident.value;
Ok(write!(f, "AFTER {column_name}")?)
}
}
}
}
/// Engine of DB. Some warehouse has parameters of engine, e.g. [clickhouse]
///
/// [clickhouse]: https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/engines/table-engines
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct TableEngine {
pub name: String,
pub parameters: Option<Vec<Ident>>,
}
impl Display for TableEngine {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.name)?;
if let Some(parameters) = self.parameters.as_ref() {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(parameters))?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// Snowflake `WITH ROW ACCESS POLICY policy_name ON (identifier, ...)`
///
/// <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table>
/// <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/security-row-intro>
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct RowAccessPolicy {
pub policy: ObjectName,
pub on: Vec<Ident>,
}
impl RowAccessPolicy {
pub fn new(policy: ObjectName, on: Vec<Ident>) -> Self {
Self { policy, on }
}
}
impl Display for RowAccessPolicy {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
write!(
f,
"WITH ROW ACCESS POLICY {} ON ({})",
self.policy,
display_comma_separated(self.on.as_slice())
)
}
}
/// Snowflake `WITH TAG ( tag_name = '<tag_value>', ...)`
///
/// <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table>
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct Tag {
pub key: Ident,
pub value: String,
}
impl Tag {
pub fn new(key: Ident, value: String) -> Self {
Self { key, value }
}
}
impl Display for Tag {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}='{}'", self.key, self.value)
}
}
/// Helper to indicate if a comment includes the `=` in the display form
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum CommentDef {
/// Includes `=` when printing the comment, as `COMMENT = 'comment'`
/// Does not include `=` when printing the comment, as `COMMENT 'comment'`
WithEq(String),
WithoutEq(String),
// For Hive dialect, the table comment is after the column definitions without `=`,
// so we need to add an extra variant to allow to identify this case when displaying.
// [Hive](https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+DDL#LanguageManualDDL-CreateTable)
AfterColumnDefsWithoutEq(String),
}
impl Display for CommentDef {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
CommentDef::WithEq(comment)
| CommentDef::WithoutEq(comment)
| CommentDef::AfterColumnDefsWithoutEq(comment) => write!(f, "{comment}"),
}
}
}
/// Helper to indicate if a collection should be wrapped by a symbol in the display form
///
/// [`Display`] is implemented for every [`Vec<T>`] where `T: Display`.
/// The string output is a comma separated list for the vec items
///
/// # Examples
/// ```
/// # use sqlparser::ast::WrappedCollection;
/// let items = WrappedCollection::Parentheses(vec!["one", "two", "three"]);
/// assert_eq!("(one, two, three)", items.to_string());
///
/// let items = WrappedCollection::NoWrapping(vec!["one", "two", "three"]);
/// assert_eq!("one, two, three", items.to_string());
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub enum WrappedCollection<T> {
/// Print the collection without wrapping symbols, as `item, item, item`
NoWrapping(T),
/// Wraps the collection in Parentheses, as `(item, item, item)`
Parentheses(T),
}
impl<T> Display for WrappedCollection<Vec<T>>
where
T: Display,
{
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match self {
WrappedCollection::NoWrapping(inner) => {
write!(f, "{}", display_comma_separated(inner.as_slice()))
}
WrappedCollection::Parentheses(inner) => {
write!(f, "({})", display_comma_separated(inner.as_slice()))
}
}
}
}
/// Represents a single PostgreSQL utility option.
///
/// A utility option is a key-value pair where the key is an identifier (IDENT) and the value
/// can be one of the following:
/// - A number with an optional sign (`+` or `-`). Example: `+10`, `-10.2`, `3`
/// - A non-keyword string. Example: `option1`, `'option2'`, `"option3"`
/// - keyword: `TRUE`, `FALSE`, `ON` (`off` is also accept).
/// - Empty. Example: `ANALYZE` (identifier only)
///
/// Utility options are used in various PostgreSQL DDL statements, including statements such as
/// `CLUSTER`, `EXPLAIN`, `VACUUM`, and `REINDEX`. These statements format options as `( option [, ...] )`.
///
/// [CLUSTER](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-cluster.html)
/// [EXPLAIN](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-explain.html)
/// [VACUUM](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-vacuum.html)
/// [REINDEX](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-reindex.html)
///
/// For example, the `EXPLAIN` AND `VACUUM` statements with options might look like this:
/// ```sql
/// EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, VERBOSE TRUE, FORMAT TEXT) SELECT * FROM my_table;
///
/// VACCUM (VERBOSE, ANALYZE ON, PARALLEL 10) my_table;
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "visitor", derive(Visit, VisitMut))]
pub struct UtilityOption {
pub name: Ident,
pub arg: Option<Expr>,
}
impl Display for UtilityOption {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
if let Some(ref arg) = self.arg {
write!(f, "{} {}", self.name, arg)
} else {
write!(f, "{}", self.name)
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_window_frame_default() {
let window_frame = WindowFrame::default();
assert_eq!(WindowFrameBound::Preceding(None), window_frame.start_bound);
}
#[test]
fn test_grouping_sets_display() {
// a and b in different group
let grouping_sets = Expr::GroupingSets(vec![
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))],
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b"))],
]);
assert_eq!("GROUPING SETS ((a), (b))", format!("{grouping_sets}"));
// a and b in the same group
let grouping_sets = Expr::GroupingSets(vec![vec![
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a")),
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b")),
]]);
assert_eq!("GROUPING SETS ((a, b))", format!("{grouping_sets}"));
// (a, b) and (c, d) in different group
let grouping_sets = Expr::GroupingSets(vec![
vec![
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a")),
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b")),
],
vec![
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("c")),
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("d")),
],
]);
assert_eq!("GROUPING SETS ((a, b), (c, d))", format!("{grouping_sets}"));
}
#[test]
fn test_rollup_display() {
let rollup = Expr::Rollup(vec![vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))]]);
assert_eq!("ROLLUP (a)", format!("{rollup}"));
let rollup = Expr::Rollup(vec![vec![
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a")),
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b")),
]]);
assert_eq!("ROLLUP ((a, b))", format!("{rollup}"));
let rollup = Expr::Rollup(vec![
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))],
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b"))],
]);
assert_eq!("ROLLUP (a, b)", format!("{rollup}"));
let rollup = Expr::Rollup(vec![
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))],
vec![
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b")),
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("c")),
],
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("d"))],
]);
assert_eq!("ROLLUP (a, (b, c), d)", format!("{rollup}"));
}
#[test]
fn test_cube_display() {
let cube = Expr::Cube(vec![vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))]]);
assert_eq!("CUBE (a)", format!("{cube}"));
let cube = Expr::Cube(vec![vec![
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a")),
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b")),
]]);
assert_eq!("CUBE ((a, b))", format!("{cube}"));
let cube = Expr::Cube(vec![
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))],
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b"))],
]);
assert_eq!("CUBE (a, b)", format!("{cube}"));
let cube = Expr::Cube(vec![
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))],
vec![
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b")),
Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("c")),
],
vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("d"))],
]);
assert_eq!("CUBE (a, (b, c), d)", format!("{cube}"));
}
#[test]
fn test_interval_display() {
let interval = Expr::Interval(Interval {
value: Box::new(Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString(String::from(
"123:45.67",
)))),
leading_field: Some(DateTimeField::Minute),
leading_precision: Some(10),
last_field: Some(DateTimeField::Second),
fractional_seconds_precision: Some(9),
});
assert_eq!(
"INTERVAL '123:45.67' MINUTE (10) TO SECOND (9)",
format!("{interval}"),
);
let interval = Expr::Interval(Interval {
value: Box::new(Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString(String::from("5")))),
leading_field: Some(DateTimeField::Second),
leading_precision: Some(1),
last_field: None,
fractional_seconds_precision: Some(3),
});
assert_eq!("INTERVAL '5' SECOND (1, 3)", format!("{interval}"));
}
#[test]
fn test_one_or_many_with_parens_deref() {
use core::ops::Index;
let one = OneOrManyWithParens::One("a");
assert_eq!(one.deref(), &["a"]);
assert_eq!(<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::deref(&one), &["a"]);
assert_eq!(one[0], "a");
assert_eq!(one.index(0), &"a");
assert_eq!(
<<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::Target as Index<usize>>::index(&one, 0),
&"a"
);
assert_eq!(one.len(), 1);
assert_eq!(<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::Target::len(&one), 1);
let many1 = OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec!["b"]);
assert_eq!(many1.deref(), &["b"]);
assert_eq!(<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::deref(&many1), &["b"]);
assert_eq!(many1[0], "b");
assert_eq!(many1.index(0), &"b");
assert_eq!(
<<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::Target as Index<usize>>::index(&many1, 0),
&"b"
);
assert_eq!(many1.len(), 1);
assert_eq!(<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::Target::len(&many1), 1);
let many2 = OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec!["c", "d"]);
assert_eq!(many2.deref(), &["c", "d"]);
assert_eq!(
<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::deref(&many2),
&["c", "d"]
);
assert_eq!(many2[0], "c");
assert_eq!(many2.index(0), &"c");
assert_eq!(
<<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::Target as Index<usize>>::index(&many2, 0),
&"c"
);
assert_eq!(many2[1], "d");
assert_eq!(many2.index(1), &"d");
assert_eq!(
<<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::Target as Index<usize>>::index(&many2, 1),
&"d"
);
assert_eq!(many2.len(), 2);
assert_eq!(<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as Deref>::Target::len(&many2), 2);
}
#[test]
fn test_one_or_many_with_parens_as_ref() {
let one = OneOrManyWithParens::One("a");
assert_eq!(one.as_ref(), &["a"]);
assert_eq!(<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as AsRef<_>>::as_ref(&one), &["a"]);
let many1 = OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec!["b"]);
assert_eq!(many1.as_ref(), &["b"]);
assert_eq!(<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as AsRef<_>>::as_ref(&many1), &["b"]);
let many2 = OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec!["c", "d"]);
assert_eq!(many2.as_ref(), &["c", "d"]);
assert_eq!(
<OneOrManyWithParens<_> as AsRef<_>>::as_ref(&many2),
&["c", "d"]
);
}
#[test]
fn test_one_or_many_with_parens_ref_into_iter() {
let one = OneOrManyWithParens::One("a");
assert_eq!(Vec::from_iter(&one), vec![&"a"]);
let many1 = OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec!["b"]);
assert_eq!(Vec::from_iter(&many1), vec![&"b"]);
let many2 = OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec!["c", "d"]);
assert_eq!(Vec::from_iter(&many2), vec![&"c", &"d"]);
}
#[test]
fn test_one_or_many_with_parens_value_into_iter() {
use core::iter::once;
//tests that our iterator implemented methods behaves exactly as it's inner iterator, at every step up to n calls to next/next_back
fn test_steps<I>(ours: OneOrManyWithParens<usize>, inner: I, n: usize)
where
I: IntoIterator<Item = usize, IntoIter: DoubleEndedIterator + Clone> + Clone,
{
fn checks<I>(ours: OneOrManyWithParensIntoIter<usize>, inner: I)
where
I: Iterator<Item = usize> + Clone + DoubleEndedIterator,
{
assert_eq!(ours.size_hint(), inner.size_hint());
assert_eq!(ours.clone().count(), inner.clone().count());
assert_eq!(
ours.clone().fold(1, |a, v| a + v),
inner.clone().fold(1, |a, v| a + v)
);
assert_eq!(Vec::from_iter(ours.clone()), Vec::from_iter(inner.clone()));
assert_eq!(
Vec::from_iter(ours.clone().rev()),
Vec::from_iter(inner.clone().rev())
);
}
let mut ours_next = ours.clone().into_iter();
let mut inner_next = inner.clone().into_iter();
for _ in 0..n {
checks(ours_next.clone(), inner_next.clone());
assert_eq!(ours_next.next(), inner_next.next());
}
let mut ours_next_back = ours.clone().into_iter();
let mut inner_next_back = inner.clone().into_iter();
for _ in 0..n {
checks(ours_next_back.clone(), inner_next_back.clone());
assert_eq!(ours_next_back.next_back(), inner_next_back.next_back());
}
let mut ours_mixed = ours.clone().into_iter();
let mut inner_mixed = inner.clone().into_iter();
for i in 0..n {
checks(ours_mixed.clone(), inner_mixed.clone());
if i % 2 == 0 {
assert_eq!(ours_mixed.next_back(), inner_mixed.next_back());
} else {
assert_eq!(ours_mixed.next(), inner_mixed.next());
}
}
let mut ours_mixed2 = ours.into_iter();
let mut inner_mixed2 = inner.into_iter();
for i in 0..n {
checks(ours_mixed2.clone(), inner_mixed2.clone());
if i % 2 == 0 {
assert_eq!(ours_mixed2.next(), inner_mixed2.next());
} else {
assert_eq!(ours_mixed2.next_back(), inner_mixed2.next_back());
}
}
}
test_steps(OneOrManyWithParens::One(1), once(1), 3);
test_steps(OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec![2]), vec![2], 3);
test_steps(OneOrManyWithParens::Many(vec![3, 4]), vec![3, 4], 4);
}
}
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