Fixed #30240 -- Added SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, and SHA512 database functions.

Thanks Mariusz Felisiak and Tim Graham for reviews.

tests/db_functions/text/test_sha512.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from django.db import connection
+from django.db.models import CharField
+from django.db.models.functions import SHA512
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.test.utils import register_lookup
+
+from ..models import Author
+
+
+class SHA512Tests(TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        Author.objects.bulk_create([
+            Author(alias='John Smith'),
+            Author(alias='Jordan Élena'),
+            Author(alias='皇帝'),
+            Author(alias=''),
+            Author(alias=None),
+        ])
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(
+            sha512_alias=SHA512('alias'),
+        ).values_list('sha512_alias', flat=True).order_by('pk')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            authors,
+            [
+                'ed014a19bb67a85f9c8b1d81e04a0e7101725be8627d79d02ca4f3bd803f33cf'
+                '3b8fed53e80d2a12c0d0e426824d99d110f0919298a5055efff040a3fc091518',
+                'b09c449f3ba49a32ab44754982d4749ac938af293e4af2de28858858080a1611'
+                '2b719514b5e48cb6ce54687e843a4b3e69a04cdb2a9dc99c3b99bdee419fa7d0',
+                'b554d182e25fb487a3f2b4285bb8672f98956b5369138e681b467d1f079af116'
+                '172d88798345a3a7666faf5f35a144c60812d3234dcd35f444624f2faee16857',
+                'cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce'
+                '47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e',
+                'cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce'
+                '47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e'
+                if connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls else None,
+            ],
+        )
+
+    def test_transform(self):
+        with register_lookup(CharField, SHA512):
+            authors = Author.objects.filter(
+                alias__sha512=(
+                    'ed014a19bb67a85f9c8b1d81e04a0e7101725be8627d79d02ca4f3bd8'
+                    '03f33cf3b8fed53e80d2a12c0d0e426824d99d110f0919298a5055eff'
+                    'f040a3fc091518'
+                ),
+            ).values_list('alias', flat=True)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(authors, ['John Smith'])