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89 lines
3.2 KiB
Text
89 lines
3.2 KiB
Text
=============================
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User authentication in Django
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=============================
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.. toctree::
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:hidden:
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default
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passwords
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customizing
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.. module:: django.contrib.auth
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:synopsis: Django's authentication framework.
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Django comes with a user authentication system. It handles user accounts,
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groups, permissions and cookie-based user sessions. This section of the
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documentation explains how the default implementation works out of the box, as
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well as how to :doc:`extend and customize </topics/auth/customizing>` it to
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suit your project's needs.
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Overview
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========
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The Django authentication system handles both authentication and authorization.
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Briefly, authentication verifies a user is who they claim to be, and
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authorization determines what an authenticated user is allowed to do. Here the
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term authentication is used to refer to both tasks.
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The auth system consists of:
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* Users
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* Permissions: Binary (yes/no) flags designating whether a user may perform
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a certain task.
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* Groups: A generic way of applying labels and permissions to more than one
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user.
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* A configurable password hashing system
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* Forms and view tools for logging in users, or restricting content
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* A pluggable backend system
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The authentication system in Django aims to be very generic and doesn't provide
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some features commonly found in web authentication systems. Solutions for some
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of these common problems have been implemented in third-party packages:
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* Password strength checking
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* Throttling of login attempts
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* Authentication against third-parties (OAuth, for example)
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Installation
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============
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Authentication support is bundled as a Django contrib module in
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``django.contrib.auth``. By default, the required configuration is already
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included in the :file:`settings.py` generated by :djadmin:`django-admin.py
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startproject <startproject>`, these consist of two items listed in your
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:setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting:
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1. ``'django.contrib.auth'`` contains the core of the authentication framework,
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and its default models.
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2. ``'django.contrib.contenttypes'`` is the Django :doc:`content type system
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</ref/contrib/contenttypes>`, which allows permissions to be associated with
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models you create.
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and two items in your :setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES` setting:
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1. :class:`~django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware` manages
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:doc:`sessions </topics/http/sessions>` across requests.
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2. :class:`~django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware` associates
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users with requests using sessions.
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With these settings in place, running the command ``manage.py migrate`` creates
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the necessary database tables for auth related models, creates permissions for
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any models defined in your installed apps, and prompts you to create
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a superuser account the first time you run it.
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Usage
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=====
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:doc:`Using Django's default implementation <default>`
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* :ref:`Working with User objects <user-objects>`
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* :ref:`Permissions and authorization <topic-authorization>`
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* :ref:`Authentication in web requests <auth-web-requests>`
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* :ref:`Managing users in the admin <auth-admin>`
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:doc:`API reference for the default implementation </ref/contrib/auth>`
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:doc:`Customizing Users and authentication <customizing>`
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:doc:`Password management in Django <passwords>`
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