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268 lines
11 KiB
Text
268 lines
11 KiB
Text
.. _topics-install:
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=====================
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How to install Django
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=====================
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This document will get you up and running with Django.
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Install Python
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==============
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Being a Python Web framework, Django requires Python.
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It works with any Python version 2.3 and higher.
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Get Python at http://www.python.org. If you're running Linux or Mac OS X, you
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probably already have it installed.
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.. admonition:: Django on Jython
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If you use Jython_ (a Python implementation for the Java platform), you'll
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need to follow a few additional steps. See :ref:`howto-jython` for details.
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.. _jython: http://jython.org/
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Install Apache and mod_python
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=============================
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If you just want to experiment with Django, skip ahead to the next
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section; Django includes a lightweight web server you can use for
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testing, so you won't need to set up Apache until you're ready to
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deploy Django in production.
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If you want to use Django on a production site, use Apache with `mod_python`_.
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mod_python is similar to mod_perl -- it embeds Python within Apache and loads
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Python code into memory when the server starts. Code stays in memory throughout
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the life of an Apache process, which leads to significant performance gains
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over other server arrangements. Make sure you have Apache installed, with the
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mod_python module activated. Django requires Apache 2.x and mod_python 3.x.
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See :ref:`How to use Django with mod_python <howto-deployment-modpython>` for
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information on how to configure mod_python once you have it installed.
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If you can't use mod_python for some reason, fear not: Django follows the WSGI_
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spec, which allows it to run on a variety of server platforms. See the
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`server-arrangements wiki page`_ for specific installation instructions for
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each platform.
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.. _Apache: http://httpd.apache.org/
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.. _mod_python: http://www.modpython.org/
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.. _WSGI: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0333.html
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.. _server-arrangements wiki page: http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/ServerArrangements
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.. _database-installation:
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Get your database running
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=========================
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If you plan to use Django's database API functionality, you'll need to
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make sure a database server is running. Django works with PostgreSQL_,
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MySQL_, Oracle_ and SQLite_ (although SQLite doesn't require a separate server
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to be running).
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Additionally, you'll need to make sure your Python database bindings are
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installed.
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* If you're using PostgreSQL, you'll need the psycopg_ package. Django supports
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both version 1 and 2. (When you configure Django's database layer, specify
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either ``postgresql`` [for version 1] or ``postgresql_psycopg2`` [for version 2].)
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If you're on Windows, check out the unofficial `compiled Windows version`_.
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* If you're using MySQL, you'll need MySQLdb_, version 1.2.1p2 or higher. You
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will also want to read the database-specific notes for the :ref:`MySQL
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backend <ref-databases>`.
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* If you're using SQLite and either Python 2.3 or Python 2.4, you'll need
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pysqlite_. Use version 2.0.3 or higher. Python 2.5 ships with an SQLite
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wrapper in the standard library, so you don't need to install anything extra
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in that case.
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* If you're using Oracle, you'll need cx_Oracle_, version 4.3.1 or higher. You
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will also want to read the database-specific notes for the :ref:`Oracle
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backend <oracle-notes>`.
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If you plan to use Django's ``manage.py syncdb`` command to
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automatically create database tables for your models, you'll need to
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ensure that Django has permission to create and alter tables in the
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database you're using; if you plan to manually create the tables, you
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can simply grant Django ``SELECT``, ``INSERT``, ``UPDATE`` and
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``DELETE`` permissions. On some databases, Django will need
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``ALTER TABLE`` privileges during ``syncdb`` but won't issue
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``ALTER TABLE`` statements on a table once ``syncdb`` has created it.
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If you're using Django's :ref:`testing framework<topics-testing>` to test database queries,
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Django will need permission to create a test database.
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.. _PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/
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.. _MySQL: http://www.mysql.com/
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.. _Django's ticket system: http://code.djangoproject.com/report/1
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.. _psycopg: http://initd.org/tracker/psycopg
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.. _compiled Windows version: http://stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/
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.. _MySQLdb: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python
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.. _SQLite: http://www.sqlite.org/
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.. _pysqlite: http://initd.org/tracker/pysqlite
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.. _cx_Oracle: http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/
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.. _Oracle: http://www.oracle.com/
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.. _removing-old-versions-of-django:
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Remove any old versions of Django
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=================================
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If you are upgrading your installation of Django from a previous version,
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you will need to uninstall the old Django version before installing the
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new version.
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If you installed Django using ``setup.py install``, uninstalling
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is as simple as deleting the ``django`` directory from your Python
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``site-packages``.
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If you installed Django from a Python egg, remove the Django ``.egg`` file,
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and remove the reference to the egg in the file named ``easy-install.pth``.
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This file should also be located in your ``site-packages`` directory.
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.. admonition:: Where are my ``site-packages`` stored?
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The location of the ``site-packages`` directory depends on the operating
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system, and the location in which Python was installed. To find out your
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system's ``site-packages`` location, execute the following:
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.. code-block:: bash
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python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print get_python_lib()"
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(Note that this should be run from a shell prompt, not a Python interactive
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prompt.)
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.. _install-django-code:
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Install the Django code
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=======================
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Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you're
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installing a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest official
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release, or fetching the latest development version.
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It's easy, no matter which way you choose.
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Installing a distribution-specific package
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Check the :ref:`distribution specific notes <misc-distributions>` to see if your
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platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers.
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Distribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installation
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of dependencies and easy upgrade paths.
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.. _installing-official-release:
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Installing an official release
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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1. Download the latest release from our `download page`_.
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2. Untar the downloaded file (e.g. ``tar xzvf Django-NNN.tar.gz``,
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where ``NNN`` is the version number of the latest release).
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If you're using Windows, you can download the command-line tool
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bsdtar_ to do this, or you can use a GUI-based tool such as 7-zip_.
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3. Change into the directory created in step 2 (e.g. ``cd Django-NNN``).
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4. If you're using Linux, Mac OS X or some other flavor of Unix, enter
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the command ``sudo python setup.py install`` at the shell prompt.
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If you're using Windows, start up a command shell with administrator
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privileges and run the command ``setup.py install``.
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These commands will install Django in your Python installation's
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``site-packages`` directory.
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.. _bsdtar: http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/bsdtar.htm
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.. _7-zip: http://www.7-zip.org/
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.. _installing-development-version:
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Installing the development version
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. admonition:: Tracking Django development
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If you decide to use the latest development version of Django,
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you'll want to pay close attention to `the development timeline`_,
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and you'll want to keep an eye on `the list of
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backwards-incompatible changes`_. This will help you stay on top
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of any new features you might want to use, as well as any changes
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you'll need to make to your code when updating your copy of Django.
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(For stable releases, any necessary changes are documented in the
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release notes.)
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.. _the development timeline: http://code.djangoproject.com/timeline
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.. _the list of backwards-incompatible changes: http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/BackwardsIncompatibleChanges
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If you'd like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with the
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latest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions:
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1. Make sure that you have Subversion_ installed, and that you can run its
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commands from a shell. (Enter ``svn help`` at a shell prompt to test
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this.)
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2. Check out Django's main development branch (the 'trunk') like so:
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.. code-block:: bash
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svn co http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk/ django-trunk
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3. Next, make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django's code. There
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are various ways of accomplishing this. One of the most convenient, on
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Linux, Mac OSX or other Unix-like systems, is to use a symbolic link:
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.. code-block:: bash
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ln -s `pwd`/django-trunk/django SITE-PACKAGES-DIR/django
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(In the above line, change ``SITE-PACKAGES-DIR`` to match the location of
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your system's ``site-packages`` directory, as explained in the
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"Where are my ``site-packages`` stored?" section above.)
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Alternatively, you can define your ``PYTHONPATH`` environment variable
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so that it includes the ``django-trunk`` directory. This is perhaps the
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most convenient solution on Windows systems, which don't support symbolic
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links. (Environment variables can be defined on Windows systems `from the
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Control Panel`_.)
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.. admonition:: What about Apache and mod_python?
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If you take the approach of setting ``PYTHONPATH``, you'll need to
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remember to do the same thing in your Apache configuration once you
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deploy your production site. Do this by setting ``PythonPath`` in your
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Apache configuration file.
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More information about deployment is available, of course, in our
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:ref:`How to use Django with mod_python <howto-deployment-modpython>`
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documentation.
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4. On Unix-like systems, create a symbolic link to the file
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``django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py`` in a directory on your system
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path, such as ``/usr/local/bin``. For example:
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.. code-block:: bash
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ln -s `pwd`/django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py /usr/local/bin
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This simply lets you type ``django-admin.py`` from within any directory,
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rather than having to qualify the command with the full path to the file.
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On Windows systems, the same result can be achieved by copying the file
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``django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py`` to somewhere on your system
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path, for example ``C:\Python24\Scripts``.
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You *don't* have to run ``python setup.py install``, because you've already
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carried out the equivalent actions in steps 3 and 4.
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When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, just run the
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command ``svn update`` from within the ``django-trunk`` directory. When you do
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this, Subversion will automatically download any changes.
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.. _`download page`: http://www.djangoproject.com/download/
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.. _Subversion: http://subversion.tigris.org/
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.. _from the Control Panel: http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/sysdm_advancd_environmnt_addchange_variable.mspx
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