[flake8-bultins] Detect class-scope builtin shadowing in decorators, default args, and attribute initializers (A003) (#20178)

## Summary
Fix #20171

---------

Co-authored-by: Brent Westbrook <brentrwestbrook@gmail.com>

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_builtins/A003.py

@@ -19,3 +19,18 @@ class MyClass:
 
     def attribute_usage(self) -> id:
         pass
+
+
+class C:
+    @staticmethod
+    def property(f):
+        return f
+
+    id = 1
+
+    @[property][0]
+    def f(self, x=[id]):
+        return x
+
+    bin = 2
+    foo = [bin]

crates/ruff_linter/src/preview.rs

@@ -228,3 +228,10 @@ pub(crate) const fn is_sim910_expanded_key_support_enabled(settings: &LinterSett
 pub(crate) const fn is_fix_builtin_open_enabled(settings: &LinterSettings) -> bool {
     settings.preview.is_enabled()
 }
+
+// https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/20178
+pub(crate) const fn is_a003_class_scope_shadowing_expansion_enabled(
+    settings: &LinterSettings,
+) -> bool {
+    settings.preview.is_enabled()
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_builtins/mod.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::registry::Rule;
     use crate::rules::flake8_builtins;
     use crate::settings::LinterSettings;
+    use crate::settings::types::PreviewMode;
     use crate::test::{test_path, test_resource_path};
     use ruff_python_ast::PythonVersion;
 
@@ -63,6 +64,28 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[test_case(Rule::BuiltinAttributeShadowing, Path::new("A003.py"))]
+    fn preview_rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        let snapshot = format!(
+            "preview__{}_{}",
+            rule_code.noqa_code(),
+            path.to_string_lossy()
+        );
+        let diagnostics = test_path(
+            Path::new("flake8_builtins").join(path).as_path(),
+            &LinterSettings {
+                preview: PreviewMode::Enabled,
+                flake8_builtins: flake8_builtins::settings::Settings {
+                    strict_checking: true,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..LinterSettings::for_rule(rule_code)
+            },
+        )?;
+        assert_diagnostics!(snapshot, diagnostics);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[test_case(
         Rule::StdlibModuleShadowing,
         Path::new("A005/modules/utils/logging.py"),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_builtins/rules/builtin_attribute_shadowing.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
 
 use crate::Violation;
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+use crate::preview::is_a003_class_scope_shadowing_expansion_enabled;
 use crate::rules::flake8_builtins::helpers::shadows_builtin;
 
 /// ## What it does
@@ -123,16 +124,26 @@ pub(crate) fn builtin_attribute_shadowing(
             //     def repeat(value: int, times: int) -> list[int]:
             //         return [value] * times
             // ```
+            // In stable, only consider references whose first non-type parent scope is the class
+            // scope (e.g., decorators, default args, and attribute initializers).
+            // In preview, also consider references from within the class scope.
+            let consider_reference = |reference_scope_id: ScopeId| {
+                if is_a003_class_scope_shadowing_expansion_enabled(checker.settings()) {
+                    if reference_scope_id == scope_id {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                checker
+                    .semantic()
+                    .first_non_type_parent_scope_id(reference_scope_id)
+                    == Some(scope_id)
+            };
+
             for reference in binding
                 .references
                 .iter()
                 .map(|reference_id| checker.semantic().reference(*reference_id))
-                .filter(|reference| {
+                .filter(|reference| consider_reference(reference.scope_id()))
-                    checker
-                        .semantic()
-                        .first_non_type_parent_scope_id(reference.scope_id())
-                        == Some(scope_id)
-                })
             {
                 checker.report_diagnostic(
                     BuiltinAttributeShadowing {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_builtins/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_builtins__tests__preview__A003_A003.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_builtins/mod.rs
+---
+A003 Python builtin is shadowed by method `str` from line 14
+  --> A003.py:17:31
+   |
+15 |         pass
+16 |
+17 |     def method_usage(self) -> str:
+   |                               ^^^
+18 |         pass
+   |
+
+A003 Python builtin is shadowed by class attribute `id` from line 3
+  --> A003.py:20:34
+   |
+18 |         pass
+19 |
+20 |     def attribute_usage(self) -> id:
+   |                                  ^^
+21 |         pass
+   |
+
+A003 Python builtin is shadowed by method `property` from line 26
+  --> A003.py:31:7
+   |
+29 |     id = 1
+30 |
+31 |     @[property][0]
+   |       ^^^^^^^^
+32 |     def f(self, x=[id]):
+33 |         return x
+   |
+
+A003 Python builtin is shadowed by class attribute `id` from line 29
+  --> A003.py:32:20
+   |
+31 |     @[property][0]
+32 |     def f(self, x=[id]):
+   |                    ^^
+33 |         return x
+   |
+
+A003 Python builtin is shadowed by class attribute `bin` from line 35
+  --> A003.py:36:12
+   |
+35 |     bin = 2
+36 |     foo = [bin]
+   |            ^^^
+   |