[flake8-async] Mark autofix for ASYNC115 as unsafe if the call expression contains comments (#18753)

Co-authored-by: Micha Reiser <micha@reiser.io>

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_async/ASYNC115.py

@@ -165,3 +165,15 @@ async def test_trio_async115_helpers():
 
     await trio.sleep(seconds=0)  # ASYNC115
     await trio.sleep(delay=0)  # OK
+
+# https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/18740
+# The autofix for this is unsafe due to the comments.
+async def func():
+    import trio
+
+    await (
+    trio # comment
+    .sleep( # comment
+    0 # comment
+    )
+    )

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_async/rules/async_zero_sleep.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::Applicability;
 use ruff_macros::{ViolationMetadata, derive_message_formats};
 use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ExprCall, Int, Number};
 use ruff_python_semantic::Modules;
@@ -32,6 +33,21 @@ use crate::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Edit, Fix};
 /// async def func():
 ///     await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
 /// ```
+/// ## Fix safety
+/// This rule's fix is marked as unsafe if there's comments in the
+/// `trio.sleep(0)` expression, as comments may be removed.
+///
+/// For example, the fix would be marked as unsafe in the following case:
+/// ```python
+/// import trio
+///
+///
+/// async def func():
+///     await trio.sleep(  # comment
+///         # comment
+///         0
+///     )
+/// ```
 #[derive(ViolationMetadata)]
 pub(crate) struct AsyncZeroSleep {
     module: AsyncModule,
@@ -119,7 +135,15 @@ pub(crate) fn async_zero_sleep(checker: &Checker, call: &ExprCall) {
             let reference_edit =
                 Edit::range_replacement(format!("{binding}.checkpoint"), call.func.range());
             let arg_edit = Edit::range_replacement("()".to_string(), call.arguments.range());
-            Ok(Fix::safe_edits(import_edit, [reference_edit, arg_edit]))
+            Ok(Fix::applicable_edits(
+                import_edit,
+                [reference_edit, arg_edit],
+                if checker.comment_ranges().intersects(call.range()) {
+                    Applicability::Unsafe
+                } else {
+                    Applicability::Safe
+                },
+            ))
         });
     }
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_async/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_async__tests__ASYNC115_ASYNC115.py.snap

@@ -252,3 +252,28 @@ ASYNC115.py:166:11: ASYNC115 [*] Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `tr
 166     |-    await trio.sleep(seconds=0)  # ASYNC115
     166 |+    await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()  # ASYNC115
 167 167 |     await trio.sleep(delay=0)  # OK
+168 168 | 
+169 169 | # https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/18740
+
+ASYNC115.py:175:5: ASYNC115 [*] Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `trio.sleep(0)`
+    |
+174 |       await (
+175 | /     trio # comment
+176 | |     .sleep( # comment
+177 | |     0 # comment
+178 | |     )
+    | |_____^ ASYNC115
+179 |       )
+    |
+    = help: Replace with `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`
+
+ℹ Unsafe fix
+172 172 |     import trio
+173 173 | 
+174 174 |     await (
+175     |-    trio # comment
+176     |-    .sleep( # comment
+177     |-    0 # comment
+178     |-    )
+    175 |+    trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+179 176 |     )