[ty] Fix panics when pulling types for various special forms that have the wrong number of parameters (#18642)

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/any.md

@@ -139,8 +139,6 @@ x: int = MagicMock()
 
 ## Invalid
 
-<!-- pull-types:skip -->
-
 `Any` cannot be parameterized:
 
 ```py

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/type_api.md

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ directly.
 
 ### Negation
 
-<!-- pull-types:skip -->
-
 ```py
 from typing import Literal
 from ty_extensions import Not, static_assert
@@ -25,8 +23,12 @@ def negate(n1: Not[int], n2: Not[Not[int]], n3: Not[Not[Not[int]]]) -> None:
     reveal_type(n2)  # revealed: int
     reveal_type(n3)  # revealed: ~int
 
-# error: "Special form `ty_extensions.Not` expected exactly one type parameter"
+# error: "Special form `ty_extensions.Not` expected exactly 1 type argument, got 2"
 n: Not[int, str]
+# error: [invalid-type-form] "Special form `ty_extensions.Not` expected exactly 1 type argument, got 0"
+o: Not[()]
+
+p: Not[(int,)]
 
 def static_truthiness(not_one: Not[Literal[1]]) -> None:
     # TODO: `bool` is not incorrect, but these would ideally be `Literal[True]` and `Literal[False]`
@@ -373,8 +375,6 @@ static_assert(not is_single_valued(Literal["a"] | Literal["b"]))
 
 ## `TypeOf`
 
-<!-- pull-types:skip -->
-
 We use `TypeOf` to get the inferred type of an expression. This is useful when we want to refer to
 it in a type expression. For example, if we want to make sure that the class literal type `str` is a
 subtype of `type[str]`, we can not use `is_subtype_of(str, type[str])`, as that would test if the
@@ -400,13 +400,13 @@ class Derived(Base): ...
 ```py
 def type_of_annotation() -> None:
     t1: TypeOf[Base] = Base
-    t2: TypeOf[Base] = Derived  # error: [invalid-assignment]
+    t2: TypeOf[(Base,)] = Derived  # error: [invalid-assignment]
 
     # Note how this is different from `type[…]` which includes subclasses:
     s1: type[Base] = Base
     s2: type[Base] = Derived  # no error here
 
-# error: "Special form `ty_extensions.TypeOf` expected exactly one type parameter"
+# error: "Special form `ty_extensions.TypeOf` expected exactly 1 type argument, got 3"
 t: TypeOf[int, str, bytes]
 
 # error: [invalid-type-form] "`ty_extensions.TypeOf` requires exactly one argument when used in a type expression"
@@ -416,8 +416,6 @@ def f(x: TypeOf) -> None:
 
 ## `CallableTypeOf`
 
-<!-- pull-types:skip -->
-
 The `CallableTypeOf` special form can be used to extract the `Callable` structural type inhabited by
 a given callable object. This can be used to get the externally visibly signature of the object,
 which can then be used to test various type properties.
@@ -436,15 +434,23 @@ def f2() -> int:
 def f3(x: int, y: str) -> None:
     return
 
-# error: [invalid-type-form] "Special form `ty_extensions.CallableTypeOf` expected exactly one type parameter"
+# error: [invalid-type-form] "Special form `ty_extensions.CallableTypeOf` expected exactly 1 type argument, got 2"
 c1: CallableTypeOf[f1, f2]
 
 # error: [invalid-type-form] "Expected the first argument to `ty_extensions.CallableTypeOf` to be a callable object, but got an object of type `Literal["foo"]`"
 c2: CallableTypeOf["foo"]
 
+# error: [invalid-type-form] "Expected the first argument to `ty_extensions.CallableTypeOf` to be a callable object, but got an object of type `Literal["foo"]`"
+c20: CallableTypeOf[("foo",)]
+
 # error: [invalid-type-form] "`ty_extensions.CallableTypeOf` requires exactly one argument when used in a type expression"
 def f(x: CallableTypeOf) -> None:
     reveal_type(x)  # revealed: Unknown
+
+c3: CallableTypeOf[(f3,)]
+
+# error: [invalid-type-form] "Special form `ty_extensions.CallableTypeOf` expected exactly 1 type argument, got 0"
+c4: CallableTypeOf[()]
 ```
 
 Using it in annotation to reveal the signature of the callable object:

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/diagnostic.rs

@@ -1888,6 +1888,26 @@ pub(crate) fn report_invalid_arguments_to_annotated(
     ));
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn report_invalid_argument_number_to_special_form(
+    context: &InferContext,
+    subscript: &ast::ExprSubscript,
+    special_form: SpecialFormType,
+    received_arguments: usize,
+    expected_arguments: u8,
+) {
+    let noun = if expected_arguments == 1 {
+        "type argument"
+    } else {
+        "type arguments"
+    };
+    if let Some(builder) = context.report_lint(&INVALID_TYPE_FORM, subscript) {
+        builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
+            "Special form `{special_form}` expected exactly {expected_arguments} {noun}, \
+            got {received_arguments}",
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn report_bad_argument_to_get_protocol_members(
     context: &InferContext,
     call: &ast::ExprCall,

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/infer.rs

@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ use crate::types::diagnostic::{
     INVALID_TYPE_VARIABLE_CONSTRAINTS, POSSIBLY_UNBOUND_IMPLICIT_CALL, POSSIBLY_UNBOUND_IMPORT,
     TypeCheckDiagnostics, UNDEFINED_REVEAL, UNRESOLVED_ATTRIBUTE, UNRESOLVED_IMPORT,
     UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE, UNSUPPORTED_OPERATOR, report_implicit_return_type,
-    report_invalid_arguments_to_annotated, report_invalid_arguments_to_callable,
-    report_invalid_assignment, report_invalid_attribute_assignment,
-    report_invalid_generator_function_return_type, report_invalid_return_type,
-    report_possibly_unbound_attribute,
+    report_invalid_argument_number_to_special_form, report_invalid_arguments_to_annotated,
+    report_invalid_arguments_to_callable, report_invalid_assignment,
+    report_invalid_attribute_assignment, report_invalid_generator_function_return_type,
+    report_invalid_return_type, report_possibly_unbound_attribute,
 };
 use crate::types::function::{
     FunctionDecorators, FunctionLiteral, FunctionType, KnownFunction, OverloadLiteral,
@@ -9329,6 +9329,7 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db, '_> {
                 Type::unknown()
             }
             Type::ClassLiteral(literal) if literal.is_known(self.db(), KnownClass::Any) => {
+                self.infer_expression(slice);
                 if let Some(builder) = self.context.report_lint(&INVALID_TYPE_FORM, subscript) {
                     builder.into_diagnostic("Type `typing.Any` expected no type parameter");
                 }
@@ -9558,20 +9559,33 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db, '_> {
             }
 
             // Type API special forms
-            SpecialFormType::Not => match arguments_slice {
-                ast::Expr::Tuple(_) => {
-                    if let Some(builder) = self.context.report_lint(&INVALID_TYPE_FORM, subscript) {
-                        builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
-                            "Special form `{special_form}` expected exactly one type parameter",
-                        ));
+            SpecialFormType::Not => {
+                let arguments = if let ast::Expr::Tuple(tuple) = arguments_slice {
+                    &*tuple.elts
+                } else {
+                    std::slice::from_ref(arguments_slice)
+                };
+                let num_arguments = arguments.len();
+                let negated_type = if num_arguments == 1 {
+                    self.infer_type_expression(&arguments[0]).negate(db)
+                } else {
+                    for argument in arguments {
+                        self.infer_type_expression(argument);
                     }
+                    report_invalid_argument_number_to_special_form(
+                        &self.context,
+                        subscript,
+                        special_form,
+                        num_arguments,
+                        1,
+                    );
                     Type::unknown()
+                };
+                if arguments_slice.is_tuple_expr() {
+                    self.store_expression_type(arguments_slice, negated_type);
                 }
-                _ => {
-                    let argument_type = self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                    argument_type.negate(db)
+                negated_type
             }
-            },
             SpecialFormType::Intersection => {
                 let elements = match arguments_slice {
                     ast::Expr::Tuple(tuple) => Either::Left(tuple.iter()),
@@ -9589,32 +9603,61 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db, '_> {
                 }
                 ty
             }
-            SpecialFormType::TypeOf => match arguments_slice {
-                ast::Expr::Tuple(_) => {
-                    if let Some(builder) = self.context.report_lint(&INVALID_TYPE_FORM, subscript) {
-                        builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
-                            "Special form `{special_form}` expected exactly one type parameter",
-                        ));
+            SpecialFormType::TypeOf => {
+                let arguments = if let ast::Expr::Tuple(tuple) = arguments_slice {
+                    &*tuple.elts
+                } else {
+                    std::slice::from_ref(arguments_slice)
+                };
+                let num_arguments = arguments.len();
+                let type_of_type = if num_arguments == 1 {
+                    // N.B. This uses `infer_expression` rather than `infer_type_expression`
+                    self.infer_expression(&arguments[0])
+                } else {
+                    for argument in arguments {
+                        self.infer_type_expression(argument);
                     }
+                    report_invalid_argument_number_to_special_form(
+                        &self.context,
+                        subscript,
+                        special_form,
+                        num_arguments,
+                        1,
+                    );
                     Type::unknown()
+                };
+                if arguments_slice.is_tuple_expr() {
+                    self.store_expression_type(arguments_slice, type_of_type);
+                }
+                type_of_type
             }
-                _ => {
-                    // NB: This calls `infer_expression` instead of `infer_type_expression`.
 
-                    self.infer_expression(arguments_slice)
+            SpecialFormType::CallableTypeOf => {
+                let arguments = if let ast::Expr::Tuple(tuple) = arguments_slice {
+                    &*tuple.elts
+                } else {
+                    std::slice::from_ref(arguments_slice)
+                };
+                let num_arguments = arguments.len();
+
+                if num_arguments != 1 {
+                    for argument in arguments {
+                        self.infer_expression(argument);
                     }
-            },
-            SpecialFormType::CallableTypeOf => match arguments_slice {
-                ast::Expr::Tuple(_) => {
-                    if let Some(builder) = self.context.report_lint(&INVALID_TYPE_FORM, subscript) {
-                        builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
-                            "Special form `{special_form}` expected exactly one type parameter",
-                        ));
+                    report_invalid_argument_number_to_special_form(
+                        &self.context,
+                        subscript,
+                        special_form,
+                        num_arguments,
+                        1,
+                    );
+                    if arguments_slice.is_tuple_expr() {
+                        self.store_expression_type(arguments_slice, Type::unknown());
                     }
-                    Type::unknown()
+                    return Type::unknown();
                 }
-                _ => {
-                    let argument_type = self.infer_expression(arguments_slice);
+
+                let argument_type = self.infer_expression(&arguments[0]);
                 let bindings = argument_type.bindings(db);
 
                 // SAFETY: This is enforced by the constructor methods on `Bindings` even in
@@ -9644,15 +9687,21 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db, '_> {
                             actual_type = argument_type.display(db)
                         ));
                     }
+                    if arguments_slice.is_tuple_expr() {
+                        self.store_expression_type(arguments_slice, Type::unknown());
+                    }
                     return Type::unknown();
                 };
 
                 let signature = CallableSignature::from_overloads(
                     std::iter::once(signature).chain(signature_iter),
                 );
-                    Type::Callable(CallableType::new(db, signature, false))
+                let callable_type_of = Type::Callable(CallableType::new(db, signature, false));
+                if arguments_slice.is_tuple_expr() {
+                    self.store_expression_type(arguments_slice, callable_type_of);
+                }
+                callable_type_of
             }
-            },
 
             SpecialFormType::ChainMap => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
                 subscript,