Use the common OperatorPrecedence for the parser (#16747)

## Summary

This change continues to resolve #16071 (and continues the work started
in #16162). Specifically, this PR changes the code in the parser so that
it uses the `OperatorPrecedence` struct from `ruff_python_ast` instead
of its own version. This is part of an effort to get rid of the
redundant definitions of `OperatorPrecedence` throughout the codebase.

Note that this PR only makes this change for `ruff_python_parser` -- we
still want to make a similar change for the formatter (namely the
`OperatorPrecedence` defined in the expression part of the formatter,
the pattern one is different). I separated the work to keep the PRs
small and easily reviewable.

## Test Plan

Because this is an internal change, I didn't add any additional tests.
Existing tests do pass.

crates/ruff_python_parser/tests/snapshots/valid_syntax@expressions__bin_op.py.snap

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ---
 source: crates/ruff_python_parser/tests/fixtures.rs
 input_file: crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/valid/expressions/bin_op.py
-snapshot_kind: text
 ---
 ## AST