[pydoclint] Implement docstring-missing-exception and docstring-extraneous-exception (DOC501, DOC502) (#11471)

## Summary

These are the first rules implemented as part of #458, but I plan to
implement more.

Specifically, this implements `docstring-missing-exception` which checks
for raised exceptions not documented in the docstring, and
`docstring-extraneous-exception` which checks for exceptions in the
docstring not present in the body.

## Test Plan

Test fixtures added for both google and numpy style.

LICENSE

@@ -1371,3 +1371,28 @@ are:
     OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
     SOFTWARE.
   """
+
+- pydoclint, licensed as follows:
+  """
+    MIT License
+
+    Copyright (c) 2023 jsh9
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+  """

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pydoclint/DOC501_google.py

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+import something
+from somewhere import AnotherError
+
+
+class FasterThanLightError(Exception):
+    ...
+
+
+_some_error = Exception
+
+
+# OK
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Raises:
+        FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+
+
+# DOC501
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+
+
+# DOC501
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+    except:
+        raise ValueError
+
+
+# DOC501
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        print('oops')
+        raise exc
+
+
+# DOC501
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except (ZeroDivisionError, ValueError) as exc:
+        print('oops')
+        raise exc
+
+
+# DOC501
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    raise AnotherError
+
+
+# DOC501
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    raise AnotherError()
+
+
+# DOC501
+def foo(bar: int):
+    """Foo.
+
+    Args:
+        bar: Bar.
+    """
+    raise something.SomeError
+
+
+# DOC501, but can't resolve the error
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    raise _some_error
+
+
+# OK
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+
+
+# OK
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+# OK
+def foo(bar: int):
+    """Foo.
+
+    Args:
+        bar: Bar.
+
+    Raises:
+        SomeError: Wow.
+    """
+    raise something.SomeError
+
+
+# OK
+def foo(bar: int):
+    """Foo.
+
+    Args:
+        bar: Bar.
+
+    Raises:
+        something.SomeError: Wow.
+    """
+    raise something.SomeError

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pydoclint/DOC501_numpy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+class FasterThanLightError(Exception):
+    ...
+
+
+# OK
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    distance : float
+        Distance traveled.
+    time : float
+        Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    FasterThanLightError
+        If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+
+
+# DOC501
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    distance : float
+        Distance traveled.
+    time : float
+        Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+
+
+# DOC501
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    distance : float
+        Distance traveled.
+    time : float
+        Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+    except:
+        raise ValueError

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pydoclint/DOC502_google.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+class FasterThanLightError(Exception):
+    ...
+
+
+# DOC502
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Raises:
+        FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+    """
+    return distance / time
+
+
+# DOC502
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Raises:
+        FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+        DivisionByZero: Divide by zero.
+    """
+    return distance / time
+
+
+# DOC502
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Args:
+        distance: Distance traveled.
+        time: Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Raises:
+        FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+        DivisionByZero: Divide by zero.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pydoclint/DOC502_numpy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+class FasterThanLightError(Exception):
+    ...
+
+
+# DOC502
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    distance : float
+        Distance traveled.
+    time : float
+        Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    FasterThanLightError
+        If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+    """
+    return distance / time
+
+
+# DOC502
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    distance : float
+        Distance traveled.
+    time : float
+        Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    FasterThanLightError
+        If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+    DivisionByZero
+        If attempting to divide by zero.
+    """
+    return distance / time
+
+
+# DOC502
+def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    distance : float
+        Distance traveled.
+    time : float
+        Time spent traveling.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float
+        Speed as distance divided by time.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    FasterThanLightError
+        If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+    DivisionByZero
+        If attempting to divide by zero.
+    """
+    try:
+        return distance / time
+    except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+        raise FasterThanLightError from exc

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/definitions.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use crate::codes::Rule;
 use crate::docstrings::Docstring;
 use crate::fs::relativize_path;
-use crate::rules::{flake8_annotations, flake8_pyi, pydocstyle, pylint};
+use crate::rules::{flake8_annotations, flake8_pyi, pydoclint, pydocstyle, pylint};
 use crate::{docstrings, warn_user};
 
 /// Run lint rules over all [`Definition`] nodes in the [`SemanticModel`].
@@ -83,12 +83,17 @@ pub(crate) fn definitions(checker: &mut Checker) {
         Rule::UndocumentedPublicNestedClass,
         Rule::UndocumentedPublicPackage,
     ]);
+    let enforce_pydoclint = checker.any_enabled(&[
+        Rule::DocstringMissingException,
+        Rule::DocstringExtraneousException,
+    ]);
 
     if !enforce_annotations
         && !enforce_docstrings
         && !enforce_stubs
         && !enforce_stubs_and_runtime
         && !enforce_dunder_method
+        && !enforce_pydoclint
     {
         return;
     }
@@ -163,8 +168,8 @@ pub(crate) fn definitions(checker: &mut Checker) {
             }
         }
 
-        // pydocstyle
-        if enforce_docstrings {
+        // pydocstyle, pydoclint
+        if enforce_docstrings || enforce_pydoclint {
             if pydocstyle::helpers::should_ignore_definition(
                 definition,
                 &checker.settings.pydocstyle.ignore_decorators,
@@ -282,7 +287,8 @@ pub(crate) fn definitions(checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::OverloadWithDocstring) {
                 pydocstyle::rules::if_needed(checker, &docstring);
             }
-            if checker.any_enabled(&[
+
+            let enforce_sections = checker.any_enabled(&[
                 Rule::BlankLineAfterLastSection,
                 Rule::BlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent,
                 Rule::CapitalizeSectionName,
@@ -298,12 +304,30 @@ pub(crate) fn definitions(checker: &mut Checker) {
                 Rule::SectionUnderlineMatchesSectionLength,
                 Rule::SectionUnderlineNotOverIndented,
                 Rule::UndocumentedParam,
-            ]) {
-                pydocstyle::rules::sections(
-                    checker,
+            ]);
+            if enforce_sections || enforce_pydoclint {
+                let section_contexts = pydocstyle::helpers::get_section_contexts(
                     &docstring,
                     checker.settings.pydocstyle.convention.as_ref(),
                 );
+
+                if enforce_sections {
+                    pydocstyle::rules::sections(
+                        checker,
+                        &docstring,
+                        &section_contexts,
+                        checker.settings.pydocstyle.convention.as_ref(),
+                    );
+                }
+
+                if enforce_pydoclint {
+                    pydoclint::rules::check_docstring(
+                        checker,
+                        definition,
+                        &section_contexts,
+                        checker.settings.pydocstyle.convention.as_ref(),
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
     }

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -912,6 +912,10 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Numpy, "003") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::numpy::rules::NumpyDeprecatedFunction),
         (Numpy, "201") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::numpy::rules::Numpy2Deprecation),
 
+        // pydoclint
+        (Pydoclint, "501") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pydoclint::rules::DocstringMissingException),
+        (Pydoclint, "502") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::pydoclint::rules::DocstringExtraneousException),
+
         // ruff
         (Ruff, "001") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::ruff::rules::AmbiguousUnicodeCharacterString),
         (Ruff, "002") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::ruff::rules::AmbiguousUnicodeCharacterDocstring),

crates/ruff_linter/src/docstrings/sections.rs

@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ impl SectionKind {
 pub(crate) struct SectionContexts<'a> {
     contexts: Vec<SectionContextData>,
     docstring: &'a Docstring<'a>,
+    style: SectionStyle,
 }
 
 impl<'a> SectionContexts<'a> {
@@ -221,9 +222,14 @@ impl<'a> SectionContexts<'a> {
         Self {
             contexts,
             docstring,
+            style,
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn style(&self) -> SectionStyle {
+        self.style
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn len(&self) -> usize {
         self.contexts.len()
     }
@@ -396,7 +402,7 @@ impl<'a> SectionContext<'a> {
         NewlineWithTrailingNewline::with_offset(lines, self.offset() + self.data.summary_full_end)
     }
 
-    fn following_lines_str(&self) -> &'a str {
+    pub(crate) fn following_lines_str(&self) -> &'a str {
         &self.docstring_body.as_str()[self.following_range_relative()]
     }
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/registry.rs

@@ -202,6 +202,9 @@ pub enum Linter {
     /// [refurb](https://pypi.org/project/refurb/)
     #[prefix = "FURB"]
     Refurb,
+    /// [pydoclint](https://pypi.org/project/pydoclint/)
+    #[prefix = "DOC"]
+    Pydoclint,
     /// Ruff-specific rules
     #[prefix = "RUF"]
     Ruff,

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/mod.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ pub mod pandas_vet;
 pub mod pep8_naming;
 pub mod perflint;
 pub mod pycodestyle;
+pub mod pydoclint;
 pub mod pydocstyle;
 pub mod pyflakes;
 pub mod pygrep_hooks;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+//! Rules from [pydoclint](https://pypi.org/project/pydoclint/).
+pub(crate) mod rules;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+    use std::convert::AsRef;
+    use std::path::Path;
+
+    use anyhow::Result;
+    use test_case::test_case;
+
+    use crate::registry::Rule;
+    use crate::rules::pydocstyle::settings::{Convention, Settings};
+    use crate::test::test_path;
+    use crate::{assert_messages, settings};
+
+    #[test_case(Rule::DocstringMissingException, Path::new("DOC501_google.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::DocstringExtraneousException, Path::new("DOC502_google.py"))]
+    fn rules_google_style(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.as_ref(), path.to_string_lossy());
+        let diagnostics = test_path(
+            Path::new("pydoclint").join(path).as_path(),
+            &settings::LinterSettings {
+                pydocstyle: Settings {
+                    convention: Some(Convention::Google),
+                    ignore_decorators: BTreeSet::new(),
+                    property_decorators: BTreeSet::new(),
+                },
+                ..settings::LinterSettings::for_rule(rule_code)
+            },
+        )?;
+        assert_messages!(snapshot, diagnostics);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test_case(Rule::DocstringMissingException, Path::new("DOC501_numpy.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::DocstringExtraneousException, Path::new("DOC502_numpy.py"))]
+    fn rules_numpy_style(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.as_ref(), path.to_string_lossy());
+        let diagnostics = test_path(
+            Path::new("pydoclint").join(path).as_path(),
+            &settings::LinterSettings {
+                pydocstyle: Settings {
+                    convention: Some(Convention::Numpy),
+                    ignore_decorators: BTreeSet::new(),
+                    property_decorators: BTreeSet::new(),
+                },
+                ..settings::LinterSettings::for_rule(rule_code)
+            },
+        )?;
+        assert_messages!(snapshot, diagnostics);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/rules/check_docstring.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use ruff_diagnostics::Diagnostic;
+use ruff_diagnostics::Violation;
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::name::QualifiedName;
+use ruff_python_ast::visitor::{self, Visitor};
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, Stmt};
+use ruff_python_semantic::{Definition, MemberKind, SemanticModel};
+use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+use crate::docstrings::sections::{SectionContexts, SectionKind};
+use crate::docstrings::styles::SectionStyle;
+use crate::registry::Rule;
+use crate::rules::pydocstyle::settings::Convention;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for function docstrings that do not include documentation for all
+/// explicitly-raised exceptions.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// If a raise is mentioned in a docstring, but the function itself does not
+/// explicitly raise it, it can be misleading to users and/or a sign of
+/// incomplete documentation or refactors.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+///     """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+///
+///     Args:
+///         distance: Distance traveled.
+///         time: Time spent traveling.
+///
+///     Returns:
+///         Speed as distance divided by time.
+///     """
+///     try:
+///         return distance / time
+///     except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+///         raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+///     """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+///
+///     Args:
+///         distance: Distance traveled.
+///         time: Time spent traveling.
+///
+///     Returns:
+///         Speed as distance divided by time.
+///
+///     Raises:
+///         FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+///     """
+///     try:
+///         return distance / time
+///     except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+///         raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+/// ```
+#[violation]
+pub struct DocstringMissingException {
+    id: String,
+}
+
+impl Violation for DocstringMissingException {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        let DocstringMissingException { id } = self;
+        format!("Raised exception `{id}` missing from docstring")
+    }
+}
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for function docstrings that include exceptions which are not
+/// explicitly raised.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// Some conventions prefer non-explicit exceptions be omitted from the
+/// docstring.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+///     """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+///
+///     Args:
+///         distance: Distance traveled.
+///         time: Time spent traveling.
+///
+///     Returns:
+///         Speed as distance divided by time.
+///
+///     Raises:
+///         ZeroDivisionError: Divided by zero.
+///     """
+///     return distance / time
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// def calculate_speed(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
+///     """Calculate speed as distance divided by time.
+///
+///     Args:
+///         distance: Distance traveled.
+///         time: Time spent traveling.
+///
+///     Returns:
+///         Speed as distance divided by time.
+///     """
+///     return distance / time
+/// ```
+#[violation]
+pub struct DocstringExtraneousException {
+    ids: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl Violation for DocstringExtraneousException {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        let DocstringExtraneousException { ids } = self;
+
+        if let [id] = ids.as_slice() {
+            format!("Raised exception is not explicitly raised: `{id}`")
+        } else {
+            format!(
+                "Raised exceptions are not explicitly raised: {}",
+                ids.iter().map(|id| format!("`{id}`")).join(", ")
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct DocstringEntries<'a> {
+    raised_exceptions: Vec<QualifiedName<'a>>,
+    raised_exceptions_range: TextRange,
+}
+
+impl<'a> DocstringEntries<'a> {
+    /// Return the raised exceptions for the docstring, or `None` if the docstring does not contain
+    /// a `Raises` section.
+    fn from_sections(sections: &'a SectionContexts, style: SectionStyle) -> Option<Self> {
+        for section in sections.iter() {
+            if section.kind() == SectionKind::Raises {
+                return Some(Self {
+                    raised_exceptions: parse_entries(section.following_lines_str(), style),
+                    raised_exceptions_range: section.range(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ranged for DocstringEntries<'_> {
+    fn range(&self) -> TextRange {
+        self.raised_exceptions_range
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse the entries in a `Raises` section of a docstring.
+fn parse_entries(content: &str, style: SectionStyle) -> Vec<QualifiedName> {
+    match style {
+        SectionStyle::Google => parse_entries_google(content),
+        SectionStyle::Numpy => parse_entries_numpy(content),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parses Google-style docstring sections of the form:
+///
+/// ```python
+/// Raises:
+///     FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+///     DivisionByZero: If attempting to divide by zero.
+/// ```
+fn parse_entries_google(content: &str) -> Vec<QualifiedName> {
+    let mut entries: Vec<QualifiedName> = Vec::new();
+    for potential in content.split('\n') {
+        let Some(colon_idx) = potential.find(':') else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let entry = potential[..colon_idx].trim();
+        entries.push(QualifiedName::user_defined(entry));
+    }
+    entries
+}
+
+/// Parses NumPy-style docstring sections of the form:
+///
+/// ```python
+/// Raises
+/// ------
+/// FasterThanLightError
+///     If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+/// DivisionByZero
+///     If attempting to divide by zero.
+/// ```
+fn parse_entries_numpy(content: &str) -> Vec<QualifiedName> {
+    let mut entries: Vec<QualifiedName> = Vec::new();
+    let mut split = content.split('\n');
+    let Some(dashes) = split.next() else {
+        return entries;
+    };
+    let indentation = dashes.len() - dashes.trim_start().len();
+    for potential in split {
+        if let Some(first_char) = potential.chars().nth(indentation) {
+            if !first_char.is_whitespace() {
+                let entry = potential[indentation..].trim();
+                entries.push(QualifiedName::user_defined(entry));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    entries
+}
+
+/// An individual exception raised in a function body.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Entry<'a> {
+    qualified_name: QualifiedName<'a>,
+    range: TextRange,
+}
+
+impl Ranged for Entry<'_> {
+    fn range(&self) -> TextRange {
+        self.range
+    }
+}
+
+/// The exceptions raised in a function body.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct BodyEntries<'a> {
+    raised_exceptions: Vec<Entry<'a>>,
+}
+
+/// An AST visitor to extract the raised exceptions from a function body.
+struct BodyVisitor<'a> {
+    raised_exceptions: Vec<Entry<'a>>,
+    semantic: &'a SemanticModel<'a>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> BodyVisitor<'a> {
+    fn new(semantic: &'a SemanticModel) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            raised_exceptions: Vec::new(),
+            semantic,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn finish(self) -> BodyEntries<'a> {
+        BodyEntries {
+            raised_exceptions: self.raised_exceptions,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for BodyVisitor<'a> {
+    fn visit_stmt(&mut self, stmt: &'a Stmt) {
+        if let Stmt::Raise(ast::StmtRaise { exc: Some(exc), .. }) = stmt {
+            if let Some(qualified_name) = extract_raised_exception(self.semantic, exc.as_ref()) {
+                self.raised_exceptions.push(Entry {
+                    qualified_name,
+                    range: exc.as_ref().range(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        visitor::walk_stmt(self, stmt);
+    }
+}
+
+fn extract_raised_exception<'a>(
+    semantic: &SemanticModel<'a>,
+    exc: &'a Expr,
+) -> Option<QualifiedName<'a>> {
+    if let Some(qualified_name) = semantic.resolve_qualified_name(exc) {
+        return Some(qualified_name);
+    }
+    if let Expr::Call(ast::ExprCall { func, .. }) = exc {
+        return extract_raised_exception(semantic, func.as_ref());
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// DOC501, DOC502
+pub(crate) fn check_docstring(
+    checker: &mut Checker,
+    definition: &Definition,
+    section_contexts: &SectionContexts,
+    convention: Option<&Convention>,
+) {
+    let mut diagnostics = Vec::new();
+    let Definition::Member(member) = definition else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    // Only check function docstrings.
+    if matches!(
+        member.kind,
+        MemberKind::Class(_) | MemberKind::NestedClass(_)
+    ) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Prioritize the specified convention over the determined style.
+    let docstring_entries = match convention {
+        Some(Convention::Google) => {
+            DocstringEntries::from_sections(section_contexts, SectionStyle::Google)
+        }
+        Some(Convention::Numpy) => {
+            DocstringEntries::from_sections(section_contexts, SectionStyle::Numpy)
+        }
+        _ => DocstringEntries::from_sections(section_contexts, section_contexts.style()),
+    };
+
+    let body_entries = {
+        let mut visitor = BodyVisitor::new(checker.semantic());
+        visitor::walk_body(&mut visitor, member.body());
+        visitor.finish()
+    };
+
+    // DOC501
+    if checker.enabled(Rule::DocstringMissingException) {
+        for body_raise in &body_entries.raised_exceptions {
+            let Some(name) = body_raise.qualified_name.segments().last() else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            if *name == "NotImplementedError" {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if !docstring_entries.as_ref().is_some_and(|entries| {
+                entries.raised_exceptions.iter().any(|exception| {
+                    body_raise
+                        .qualified_name
+                        .segments()
+                        .ends_with(exception.segments())
+                })
+            }) {
+                let diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(
+                    DocstringMissingException {
+                        id: (*name).to_string(),
+                    },
+                    body_raise.range(),
+                );
+                diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // DOC502
+    if checker.enabled(Rule::DocstringExtraneousException) {
+        if let Some(docstring_entries) = docstring_entries {
+            let mut extraneous_exceptions = Vec::new();
+            for docstring_raise in &docstring_entries.raised_exceptions {
+                if !body_entries.raised_exceptions.iter().any(|exception| {
+                    exception
+                        .qualified_name
+                        .segments()
+                        .ends_with(docstring_raise.segments())
+                }) {
+                    extraneous_exceptions.push(docstring_raise.to_string());
+                }
+            }
+            if !extraneous_exceptions.is_empty() {
+                let diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(
+                    DocstringExtraneousException {
+                        ids: extraneous_exceptions,
+                    },
+                    docstring_entries.range(),
+                );
+                diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    checker.diagnostics.extend(diagnostics);
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/rules/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub(crate) use check_docstring::*;
+
+mod check_docstring;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__pydoclint__tests__docstring-extraneous-exception_DOC502_google.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/mod.rs
+---
+DOC502_google.py:16:1: DOC502 Raised exception is not explicitly raised: `FasterThanLightError`
+   |
+14 |           Speed as distance divided by time.
+15 |   
+16 | /     Raises:
+17 | |         FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+18 | |     """
+   | |____^ DOC502
+19 |       return distance / time
+   |
+
+DOC502_google.py:33:1: DOC502 Raised exceptions are not explicitly raised: `FasterThanLightError`, `DivisionByZero`
+   |
+31 |           Speed as distance divided by time.
+32 |   
+33 | /     Raises:
+34 | |         FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+35 | |         DivisionByZero: Divide by zero.
+36 | |     """
+   | |____^ DOC502
+37 |       return distance / time
+   |
+
+DOC502_google.py:51:1: DOC502 Raised exception is not explicitly raised: `DivisionByZero`
+   |
+49 |           Speed as distance divided by time.
+50 |   
+51 | /     Raises:
+52 | |         FasterThanLightError: If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+53 | |         DivisionByZero: Divide by zero.
+54 | |     """
+   | |____^ DOC502
+55 |       try:
+56 |           return distance / time
+   |

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__pydoclint__tests__docstring-extraneous-exception_DOC502_numpy.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/mod.rs
+---
+DOC502_numpy.py:22:1: DOC502 Raised exception is not explicitly raised: `FasterThanLightError`
+   |
+20 |           Speed as distance divided by time.
+21 |   
+22 | /     Raises
+23 | |     ------
+24 | |     FasterThanLightError
+25 | |         If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+26 | |     """
+   | |____^ DOC502
+27 |       return distance / time
+   |
+
+DOC502_numpy.py:47:1: DOC502 Raised exceptions are not explicitly raised: `FasterThanLightError`, `DivisionByZero`
+   |
+45 |           Speed as distance divided by time.
+46 |   
+47 | /     Raises
+48 | |     ------
+49 | |     FasterThanLightError
+50 | |         If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+51 | |     DivisionByZero
+52 | |         If attempting to divide by zero.
+53 | |     """
+   | |____^ DOC502
+54 |       return distance / time
+   |
+
+DOC502_numpy.py:74:1: DOC502 Raised exception is not explicitly raised: `DivisionByZero`
+   |
+72 |           Speed as distance divided by time.
+73 |   
+74 | /     Raises
+75 | |     ------
+76 | |     FasterThanLightError
+77 | |         If speed is greater than the speed of light.
+78 | |     DivisionByZero
+79 | |         If attempting to divide by zero.
+80 | |     """
+   | |____^ DOC502
+81 |       try:
+82 |           return distance / time
+   |

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__pydoclint__tests__docstring-missing-exception_DOC501_google.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/mod.rs
+---
+DOC501_google.py:46:15: DOC501 Raised exception `FasterThanLightError` missing from docstring
+   |
+44 |         return distance / time
+45 |     except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+46 |         raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+   |               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+   |
+
+DOC501_google.py:63:15: DOC501 Raised exception `FasterThanLightError` missing from docstring
+   |
+61 |         return distance / time
+62 |     except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+63 |         raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+   |               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+64 |     except:
+65 |         raise ValueError
+   |
+
+DOC501_google.py:65:15: DOC501 Raised exception `ValueError` missing from docstring
+   |
+63 |         raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+64 |     except:
+65 |         raise ValueError
+   |               ^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+   |
+
+DOC501_google.py:115:11: DOC501 Raised exception `AnotherError` missing from docstring
+    |
+113 |         Speed as distance divided by time.
+114 |     """
+115 |     raise AnotherError
+    |           ^^^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+    |
+
+DOC501_google.py:129:11: DOC501 Raised exception `AnotherError` missing from docstring
+    |
+127 |         Speed as distance divided by time.
+128 |     """
+129 |     raise AnotherError()
+    |           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+    |
+
+DOC501_google.py:139:11: DOC501 Raised exception `SomeError` missing from docstring
+    |
+137 |         bar: Bar.
+138 |     """
+139 |     raise something.SomeError
+    |           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+    |

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__pydoclint__tests__docstring-missing-exception_DOC501_numpy.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydoclint/mod.rs
+---
+DOC501_numpy.py:53:15: DOC501 Raised exception `FasterThanLightError` missing from docstring
+   |
+51 |         return distance / time
+52 |     except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+53 |         raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+   |               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+   |
+
+DOC501_numpy.py:76:15: DOC501 Raised exception `FasterThanLightError` missing from docstring
+   |
+74 |         return distance / time
+75 |     except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
+76 |         raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+   |               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+77 |     except:
+78 |         raise ValueError
+   |
+
+DOC501_numpy.py:78:15: DOC501 Raised exception `ValueError` missing from docstring
+   |
+76 |         raise FasterThanLightError from exc
+77 |     except:
+78 |         raise ValueError
+   |               ^^^^^^^^^^ DOC501
+   |

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydocstyle/helpers.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ use ruff_python_ast::name::QualifiedName;
 use ruff_python_semantic::{Definition, SemanticModel};
 use ruff_source_file::UniversalNewlines;
 
+use crate::docstrings::sections::{SectionContexts, SectionKind};
+use crate::docstrings::styles::SectionStyle;
+use crate::docstrings::Docstring;
+use crate::rules::pydocstyle::settings::Convention;
+
 /// Return the index of the first logical line in a string.
 pub(super) fn logical_line(content: &str) -> Option<usize> {
     // Find the first logical line.
@@ -61,3 +66,59 @@ pub(crate) fn should_ignore_definition(
             })
     })
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn get_section_contexts<'a>(
+    docstring: &'a Docstring<'a>,
+    convention: Option<&'a Convention>,
+) -> SectionContexts<'a> {
+    match convention {
+        Some(Convention::Google) => {
+            return SectionContexts::from_docstring(docstring, SectionStyle::Google);
+        }
+        Some(Convention::Numpy) => {
+            return SectionContexts::from_docstring(docstring, SectionStyle::Numpy);
+        }
+        Some(Convention::Pep257) | None => {
+            // There are some overlapping section names, between the Google and NumPy conventions
+            // (e.g., "Returns", "Raises"). Break ties by checking for the presence of some of the
+            // section names that are unique to each convention.
+
+            // If the docstring contains `Parameters:` or `Other Parameters:`, use the NumPy
+            // convention.
+            let numpy_sections = SectionContexts::from_docstring(docstring, SectionStyle::Numpy);
+            if numpy_sections.iter().any(|context| {
+                matches!(
+                    context.kind(),
+                    SectionKind::Parameters
+                        | SectionKind::OtherParams
+                        | SectionKind::OtherParameters
+                )
+            }) {
+                return numpy_sections;
+            }
+
+            // If the docstring contains any argument specifier, use the Google convention.
+            let google_sections = SectionContexts::from_docstring(docstring, SectionStyle::Google);
+            if google_sections.iter().any(|context| {
+                matches!(
+                    context.kind(),
+                    SectionKind::Args
+                        | SectionKind::Arguments
+                        | SectionKind::KeywordArgs
+                        | SectionKind::KeywordArguments
+                        | SectionKind::OtherArgs
+                        | SectionKind::OtherArguments
+                )
+            }) {
+                return google_sections;
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise, use whichever convention matched more sections.
+            if google_sections.len() > numpy_sections.len() {
+                google_sections
+            } else {
+                numpy_sections
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pydocstyle/rules/sections.rs

@@ -1324,67 +1324,16 @@ impl AlwaysFixableViolation for BlankLinesBetweenHeaderAndContent {
 pub(crate) fn sections(
     checker: &mut Checker,
     docstring: &Docstring,
+    section_contexts: &SectionContexts,
     convention: Option<&Convention>,
 ) {
     match convention {
-        Some(Convention::Google) => {
-            parse_google_sections(
-                checker,
-                docstring,
-                &SectionContexts::from_docstring(docstring, SectionStyle::Google),
-            );
-        }
-        Some(Convention::Numpy) => {
-            parse_numpy_sections(
-                checker,
-                docstring,
-                &SectionContexts::from_docstring(docstring, SectionStyle::Numpy),
-            );
-        }
-        Some(Convention::Pep257) | None => {
-            // There are some overlapping section names, between the Google and NumPy conventions
-            // (e.g., "Returns", "Raises"). Break ties by checking for the presence of some of the
-            // section names that are unique to each convention.
-
-            // If the docstring contains `Parameters:` or `Other Parameters:`, use the NumPy
-            // convention.
-            let numpy_sections = SectionContexts::from_docstring(docstring, SectionStyle::Numpy);
-            if numpy_sections.iter().any(|context| {
-                matches!(
-                    context.kind(),
-                    SectionKind::Parameters
-                        | SectionKind::OtherParams
-                        | SectionKind::OtherParameters
-                )
-            }) {
-                parse_numpy_sections(checker, docstring, &numpy_sections);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // If the docstring contains any argument specifier, use the Google convention.
-            let google_sections = SectionContexts::from_docstring(docstring, SectionStyle::Google);
-            if google_sections.iter().any(|context| {
-                matches!(
-                    context.kind(),
-                    SectionKind::Args
-                        | SectionKind::Arguments
-                        | SectionKind::KeywordArgs
-                        | SectionKind::KeywordArguments
-                        | SectionKind::OtherArgs
-                        | SectionKind::OtherArguments
-                )
-            }) {
-                parse_google_sections(checker, docstring, &google_sections);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // Otherwise, use whichever convention matched more sections.
-            if google_sections.len() > numpy_sections.len() {
-                parse_google_sections(checker, docstring, &google_sections);
-            } else {
-                parse_numpy_sections(checker, docstring, &numpy_sections);
-            }
-        }
+        Some(Convention::Google) => parse_google_sections(checker, docstring, section_contexts),
+        Some(Convention::Numpy) => parse_numpy_sections(checker, docstring, section_contexts),
+        Some(Convention::Pep257) | None => match section_contexts.style() {
+            SectionStyle::Google => parse_google_sections(checker, docstring, section_contexts),
+            SectionStyle::Numpy => parse_numpy_sections(checker, docstring, section_contexts),
+        },
     }
 }
 

ruff.schema.json

@@ -2874,6 +2874,11 @@
         "DJ01",
         "DJ012",
         "DJ013",
+        "DOC",
+        "DOC5",
+        "DOC50",
+        "DOC501",
+        "DOC502",
         "DTZ",
         "DTZ0",
         "DTZ00",

scripts/add_plugin.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ mod tests {
         let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.as_ref(), path.to_string_lossy());
         let diagnostics = test_path(
             Path::new("%s").join(path).as_path(),
-            &settings::Settings::for_rule(rule_code),
+            &settings::LinterSettings::for_rule(rule_code),
         )?;
         assert_messages!(snapshot, diagnostics);
         Ok(())