diff --git a/crates/ty/docs/rules.md b/crates/ty/docs/rules.md
index 7904c1cb7f..d2360c1112 100644
--- a/crates/ty/docs/rules.md
+++ b/crates/ty/docs/rules.md
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def test(): -> "int":
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20call-non-callable) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L113)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L114)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Calling a non-callable object will raise a `TypeError` at runtime.
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20conflicting-argument-forms) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L157)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L158)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ f(int)  # error
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20conflicting-declarations) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L183)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L184)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ a = 1
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20conflicting-metaclass) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L208)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L209)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class C(A, B): ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20cyclic-class-definition) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L234)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L235)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class B(A): ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20duplicate-base) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L299)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L300)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class B(A, A): ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20duplicate-kw-only) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L320)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L321)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ def test(): -> "Literal[5]":
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20inconsistent-mro) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L523)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L524)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class C(A, B): ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20index-out-of-bounds) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L547)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L548)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ t[3]  # IndexError: tuple index out of range
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20instance-layout-conflict) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L352)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L353)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ an atypical memory layout.
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-argument-type) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L592)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L593)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ func("foo")  # error: [invalid-argument-type]
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-assignment) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L632)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L633)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ a: int = ''
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-attribute-access) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1666)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1688)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ C.instance_var = 3  # error: Cannot assign to instance variable
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-await) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L654)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L655)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ asyncio.run(main())
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-base) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L684)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L685)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ class A(42): ...  # error: [invalid-base]
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-context-manager) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L735)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L736)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ with 1:
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-declaration) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L756)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L757)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ a: str
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-exception-caught) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L779)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L780)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ except ZeroDivisionError:
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-generic-class) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L815)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L816)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ class C[U](Generic[T]): ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-key) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L567)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L568)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ alice["height"]  # KeyError: 'height'
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-legacy-type-variable) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L841)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L842)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ def f(t: TypeVar("U")): ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-metaclass) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L890)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L891)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ class B(metaclass=f): ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-named-tuple) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L497)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L498)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ TypeError: can only inherit from a NamedTuple type and Generic
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-overload) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L917)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L918)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ def foo(x: int) -> int: ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-parameter-default) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L960)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L961)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ def f(a: int = ''): ...
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-protocol) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L434)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L435)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ TypeError: Protocols can only inherit from other protocols, got <class 'int'>
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-raise) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L980)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L981)
 </small>
 
 Checks for `raise` statements that raise non-exceptions or use invalid
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ def g():
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-return-type) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L613)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L614)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ def func() -> int:
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-super-argument) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1023)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1024)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ TODO #14889
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-type-alias-type) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L869)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L870)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ NewAlias = TypeAliasType(get_name(), int)        # error: TypeAliasType name mus
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-type-checking-constant) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1062)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1063)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ TYPE_CHECKING = ''
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-type-form) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1086)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1087)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ b: Annotated[int]  # `Annotated` expects at least two arguments
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-type-guard-call) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1138)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1139)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ f(10)  # Error
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-type-guard-definition) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1110)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1111)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ class C:
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20invalid-type-variable-constraints) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1166)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1167)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ T = TypeVar('T', bound=str)  # valid bound TypeVar
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20missing-argument) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1195)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1196)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ func()  # TypeError: func() missing 1 required positional argument: 'x'
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20missing-typed-dict-key) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1765)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1787)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ alice["age"]  # KeyError
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20no-matching-overload) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1214)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1215)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ func("string")  # error: [no-matching-overload]
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20non-subscriptable) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1237)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1238)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ Subscripting an object that does not support it will raise a `TypeError` at runt
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20not-iterable) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1255)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1256)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ for i in 34:  # TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20parameter-already-assigned) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1306)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1307)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1386,6 +1386,31 @@ def f(x: int) -> int: ...
 f(1, x=2)  # Error raised here
 ```
 
+## `positional-only-parameter-as-kwarg`
+
+<small>
+Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
+[Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20positional-only-parameter-as-kwarg) ·
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1542)
+</small>
+
+**What it does**
+
+Checks for keyword arguments in calls that match positional-only parameters of the callable.
+
+**Why is this bad?**
+
+Providing a positional-only parameter as a keyword argument will raise `TypeError` at runtime.
+
+**Example**
+
+
+```python
+def f(x: int, /) -> int: ...
+
+f(x=1)  # Error raised here
+```
+
 ## `raw-string-type-annotation`
 
 <small>
@@ -1420,7 +1445,7 @@ def test(): -> "int":
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20static-assert-error) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1642)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1664)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1448,7 +1473,7 @@ static_assert(int(2.0 * 3.0) == 6)  # error: does not have a statically known tr
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20subclass-of-final-class) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1397)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1398)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1475,7 +1500,7 @@ class B(A): ...  # Error raised here
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20too-many-positional-arguments) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1442)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1443)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1500,7 +1525,7 @@ f("foo")  # Error raised here
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20type-assertion-failure) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1420)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1421)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1526,7 +1551,7 @@ def _(x: int):
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unavailable-implicit-super-arguments) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1463)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1464)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1570,7 +1595,7 @@ class A:
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unknown-argument) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1520)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1521)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1595,7 +1620,7 @@ f(x=1, y=2)  # Error raised here
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unresolved-attribute) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1541)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1563)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1621,7 +1646,7 @@ A().foo  # AttributeError: 'A' object has no attribute 'foo'
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unresolved-import) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1563)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1585)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1644,7 +1669,7 @@ import foo  # ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'foo'
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unresolved-reference) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1582)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1604)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1667,7 +1692,7 @@ print(x)  # NameError: name 'x' is not defined
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unsupported-bool-conversion) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1275)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1276)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1702,7 +1727,7 @@ b1 < b2 < b1  # exception raised here
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unsupported-operator) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1601)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1623)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1728,7 +1753,7 @@ A() + A()  # TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'A' and 'A'
 <small>
 Default level: [`error`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'error'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20zero-stepsize-in-slice) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1623)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1645)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1751,7 +1776,7 @@ l[1:10:0]  # ValueError: slice step cannot be zero
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20ambiguous-protocol-member) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L462)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L463)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1790,7 +1815,7 @@ class SubProto(BaseProto, Protocol):
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20deprecated) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L278)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L279)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1843,7 +1868,7 @@ a = 20 / 0  # type: ignore
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20possibly-unbound-attribute) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1327)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1328)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1869,7 +1894,7 @@ A.c  # AttributeError: type object 'A' has no attribute 'c'
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20possibly-unbound-implicit-call) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L131)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L132)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1899,7 +1924,7 @@ A()[0]  # TypeError: 'A' object is not subscriptable
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20possibly-unbound-import) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1349)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1350)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1929,7 +1954,7 @@ from module import a  # ImportError: cannot import name 'a' from 'module'
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20redundant-cast) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1694)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1716)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -1954,7 +1979,7 @@ cast(int, f())  # Redundant
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20undefined-reveal) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1502)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1503)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -2005,7 +2030,7 @@ a = 20 / 0  # ty: ignore[division-by-zero]
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unresolved-global) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1715)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1737)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -2059,7 +2084,7 @@ def g():
 <small>
 Default level: [`warn`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'warn'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20unsupported-base) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L702)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L703)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -2096,7 +2121,7 @@ class D(C): ...  # error: [unsupported-base]
 <small>
 Default level: [`ignore`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'ignore'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20division-by-zero) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L260)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L261)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
@@ -2118,7 +2143,7 @@ Dividing by zero raises a `ZeroDivisionError` at runtime.
 <small>
 Default level: [`ignore`](../rules.md#rule-levels "This lint has a default level of 'ignore'.") ·
 [Related issues](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues?q=sort%3Aupdated-desc%20is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20possibly-unresolved-reference) ·
-[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1375)
+[View source](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/crates%2Fty_python_semantic%2Fsrc%2Ftypes%2Fdiagnostic.rs#L1376)
 </small>
 
 **What it does**
diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/function.md b/crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/function.md
index dee6eb1866..58ee1428a3 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/function.md
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/function.md
@@ -90,8 +90,7 @@ still continue to use the old convention, so it is supported by ty as well.
 def f(__x: int): ...
 
 f(1)
-# error: [missing-argument]
-# error: [unknown-argument]
+# error: [positional-only-parameter-as-kwarg]
 f(__x=1)
 ```
 
@@ -131,11 +130,9 @@ class C:
     @staticmethod
     def static_method(self, __x: int): ...
 
-# error: [missing-argument]
-# error: [unknown-argument]
+# error: [positional-only-parameter-as-kwarg]
 C().method(__x=1)
-# error: [missing-argument]
-# error: [unknown-argument]
+# error: [positional-only-parameter-as-kwarg]
 C.class_method(__x="1")
 C.static_method("x", __x=42)  # fine
 ```
diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/call/bind.rs b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/call/bind.rs
index e19e1c6c04..714441c8ca 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/call/bind.rs
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/call/bind.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ use crate::place::{Boundness, Place};
 use crate::types::call::arguments::{Expansion, is_expandable_type};
 use crate::types::diagnostic::{
     CALL_NON_CALLABLE, CONFLICTING_ARGUMENT_FORMS, INVALID_ARGUMENT_TYPE, MISSING_ARGUMENT,
-    NO_MATCHING_OVERLOAD, PARAMETER_ALREADY_ASSIGNED, TOO_MANY_POSITIONAL_ARGUMENTS,
-    UNKNOWN_ARGUMENT,
+    NO_MATCHING_OVERLOAD, PARAMETER_ALREADY_ASSIGNED, POSITIONAL_ONLY_PARAMETER_AS_KWARG,
+    TOO_MANY_POSITIONAL_ARGUMENTS, UNKNOWN_ARGUMENT,
 };
 use crate::types::enums::is_enum_class;
 use crate::types::function::{
@@ -1991,6 +1991,7 @@ struct ArgumentMatcher<'a, 'db> {
 
     argument_matches: Vec<MatchedArgument<'db>>,
     parameter_matched: Vec<bool>,
+    suppress_missing_error: Vec<bool>,
     next_positional: usize,
     first_excess_positional: Option<usize>,
     num_synthetic_args: usize,
@@ -2009,6 +2010,7 @@ impl<'a, 'db> ArgumentMatcher<'a, 'db> {
             errors,
             argument_matches: vec![MatchedArgument::default(); arguments.len()],
             parameter_matched: vec![false; parameters.len()],
+            suppress_missing_error: vec![false; parameters.len()],
             next_positional: 0,
             first_excess_positional: None,
             num_synthetic_args: 0,
@@ -2105,10 +2107,21 @@ impl<'a, 'db> ArgumentMatcher<'a, 'db> {
             .keyword_by_name(name)
             .or_else(|| self.parameters.keyword_variadic())
         else {
-            self.errors.push(BindingError::UnknownArgument {
-                argument_name: ast::name::Name::new(name),
-                argument_index: self.get_argument_index(argument_index),
-            });
+            if let Some((parameter_index, parameter)) =
+                self.parameters.positional_only_by_name(name)
+            {
+                self.errors
+                    .push(BindingError::PositionalOnlyParameterAsKwarg {
+                        argument_index: self.get_argument_index(argument_index),
+                        parameter: ParameterContext::new(parameter, parameter_index, true),
+                    });
+                self.suppress_missing_error[parameter_index] = true;
+            } else {
+                self.errors.push(BindingError::UnknownArgument {
+                    argument_name: ast::name::Name::new(name),
+                    argument_index: self.get_argument_index(argument_index),
+                });
+            }
             return Err(());
         };
         self.assign_argument(
@@ -2223,6 +2236,9 @@ impl<'a, 'db> ArgumentMatcher<'a, 'db> {
         let mut missing = vec![];
         for (index, matched) in self.parameter_matched.iter().copied().enumerate() {
             if !matched {
+                if self.suppress_missing_error[index] {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 let param = &self.parameters[index];
                 if param.is_variadic()
                     || param.is_keyword_variadic()
@@ -3094,6 +3110,11 @@ pub(crate) enum BindingError<'db> {
         argument_name: ast::name::Name,
         argument_index: Option<usize>,
     },
+    /// A positional-only parameter is passed as keyword argument.
+    PositionalOnlyParameterAsKwarg {
+        argument_index: Option<usize>,
+        parameter: ParameterContext,
+    },
     /// More positional arguments are provided in the call than can be handled by the signature.
     TooManyPositionalArguments {
         first_excess_argument_index: Option<usize>,
@@ -3349,6 +3370,35 @@ impl<'db> BindingError<'db> {
                 }
             }
 
+            Self::PositionalOnlyParameterAsKwarg {
+                argument_index,
+                parameter,
+            } => {
+                let node = Self::get_node(node, *argument_index);
+                if let Some(builder) =
+                    context.report_lint(&POSITIONAL_ONLY_PARAMETER_AS_KWARG, node)
+                {
+                    let mut diag = builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
+                        "Positional-only parameter {parameter} passed as keyword argument{}",
+                        if let Some(CallableDescription { kind, name }) = callable_description {
+                            format!(" of {kind} `{name}`")
+                        } else {
+                            String::new()
+                        }
+                    ));
+                    if let Some(union_diag) = union_diag {
+                        union_diag.add_union_context(context.db(), &mut diag);
+                    } else if let Some(spans) = callable_ty.function_spans(context.db()) {
+                        let mut sub = SubDiagnostic::new(
+                            SubDiagnosticSeverity::Info,
+                            format_args!("{callable_kind} signature here"),
+                        );
+                        sub.annotate(Annotation::primary(spans.signature));
+                        diag.sub(sub);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             Self::ParameterAlreadyAssigned {
                 argument_index,
                 parameter,
diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/diagnostic.rs b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/diagnostic.rs
index 77f01da1fe..56ed2bf9d0 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/diagnostic.rs
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/diagnostic.rs
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ pub(crate) fn register_lints(registry: &mut LintRegistryBuilder) {
     registry.register_lint(&UNAVAILABLE_IMPLICIT_SUPER_ARGUMENTS);
     registry.register_lint(&UNDEFINED_REVEAL);
     registry.register_lint(&UNKNOWN_ARGUMENT);
+    registry.register_lint(&POSITIONAL_ONLY_PARAMETER_AS_KWARG);
     registry.register_lint(&UNRESOLVED_ATTRIBUTE);
     registry.register_lint(&UNRESOLVED_IMPORT);
     registry.register_lint(&UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE);
@@ -1538,6 +1539,27 @@ declare_lint! {
     }
 }
 
+declare_lint! {
+    /// ## What it does
+    /// Checks for keyword arguments in calls that match positional-only parameters of the callable.
+    ///
+    /// ## Why is this bad?
+    /// Providing a positional-only parameter as a keyword argument will raise `TypeError` at runtime.
+    ///
+    /// ## Example
+    ///
+    /// ```python
+    /// def f(x: int, /) -> int: ...
+    ///
+    /// f(x=1)  # Error raised here
+    /// ```
+    pub(crate) static POSITIONAL_ONLY_PARAMETER_AS_KWARG = {
+        summary: "detects positional-only parameters passed as keyword arguments",
+        status: LintStatus::preview("1.0.0"),
+        default_level: Level::Error,
+    }
+}
+
 declare_lint! {
     /// ## What it does
     /// Checks for unresolved attributes.
diff --git a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/signatures.rs b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/signatures.rs
index 5386293cfb..ddc06951fc 100644
--- a/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/signatures.rs
+++ b/crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/signatures.rs
@@ -1336,6 +1336,17 @@ impl<'db> Parameters<'db> {
             .and_then(|parameter| parameter.is_positional().then_some(parameter))
     }
 
+    /// Return a positional-only parameter (with index) with the given name.
+    pub(crate) fn positional_only_by_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<(usize, &Parameter<'db>)> {
+        self.iter().enumerate().find(|(_, parameter)| {
+            parameter.is_positional_only()
+                && parameter
+                    .name()
+                    .map(|p_name| p_name == name)
+                    .unwrap_or(false)
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Return the variadic parameter (`*args`), if any, and its index, or `None`.
     pub(crate) fn variadic(&self) -> Option<(usize, &Parameter<'db>)> {
         self.iter()
diff --git a/crates/ty_server/tests/e2e/snapshots/e2e__commands__debug_command.snap b/crates/ty_server/tests/e2e/snapshots/e2e__commands__debug_command.snap
index cc435c14c9..7a59bbab2e 100644
--- a/crates/ty_server/tests/e2e/snapshots/e2e__commands__debug_command.snap
+++ b/crates/ty_server/tests/e2e/snapshots/e2e__commands__debug_command.snap
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ Settings: Settings {
         "non-subscriptable": Error (Default),
         "not-iterable": Error (Default),
         "parameter-already-assigned": Error (Default),
+        "positional-only-parameter-as-kwarg": Error (Default),
         "possibly-unbound-attribute": Warning (Default),
         "possibly-unbound-implicit-call": Warning (Default),
         "possibly-unbound-import": Warning (Default),
diff --git a/ty.schema.json b/ty.schema.json
index feaa039d43..29edd51b9a 100644
--- a/ty.schema.json
+++ b/ty.schema.json
@@ -785,6 +785,16 @@
             }
           ]
         },
+        "positional-only-parameter-as-kwarg": {
+          "title": "detects positional-only parameters passed as keyword arguments",
+          "description": "## What it does\nChecks for keyword arguments in calls that match positional-only parameters of the callable.\n\n## Why is this bad?\nProviding a positional-only parameter as a keyword argument will raise `TypeError` at runtime.\n\n## Example\n\n```python\ndef f(x: int, /) -> int: ...\n\nf(x=1)  # Error raised here\n```",
+          "default": "error",
+          "oneOf": [
+            {
+              "$ref": "#/definitions/Level"
+            }
+          ]
+        },
         "possibly-unbound-attribute": {
           "title": "detects references to possibly unbound attributes",
           "description": "## What it does\nChecks for possibly unbound attributes.\n\n## Why is this bad?\nAttempting to access an unbound attribute will raise an `AttributeError` at runtime.\n\n## Examples\n```python\nclass A:\n    if b:\n        c = 0\n\nA.c  # AttributeError: type object 'A' has no attribute 'c'\n```",