[syntax-errors] Irrefutable case pattern before final case (#16905)

Summary
--

Detects irrefutable `match` cases before the final case using a modified
version
of the existing `Pattern::is_irrefutable` method from the AST crate. The
modified method helps to retrieve a more precise diagnostic range to
match what
Python 3.13 shows in the REPL.

Test Plan
--

New inline tests, as well as some updates to existing tests that had
irrefutable
patterns before the last block.

crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/inline/err/irrefutable_case_pattern.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+match x:
+    case var: ...  # capture pattern
+    case 2: ...
+match x:
+    case _: ...
+    case 2: ...    # wildcard pattern
+match x:
+    case var1 as var2: ...  # as pattern with irrefutable left-hand side
+    case 2: ...
+match x:
+    case enum.variant | var: ...  # or pattern with irrefutable part
+    case 2: ...

crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/inline/ok/irrefutable_case_pattern_at_end.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+match x:
+    case 2: ...
+    case var: ...
+match x:
+    case 2: ...
+    case _: ...
+match x:
+    case var if True: ...  # don't try to refute a guarded pattern
+    case 2: ...

crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/inline/ok/match_as_pattern.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 match foo:
     case foo_bar: ...
+match foo:
     case _: ...

crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/inline/ok/match_as_pattern_soft_keyword.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 match foo:
     case case: ...
+match foo:
     case match: ...
+match foo:
     case type: ...

crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/inline/ok/match_sequence_pattern_terminator.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 match subject:
-    case a: ...
     case a if x: ...
     case a, b: ...
     case a, b if x: ...
+    case a: ...

crates/ruff_python_parser/resources/valid/statement/match.py

@@ -243,18 +243,21 @@ match x:
 match x:
     case a:
         ...
+match x:
     case a as b:
         ...
+match x:
     case 1 | 2 as two:
         ...
     case 1 + 3j as sum:
         ...
     case a.b as ab:
         ...
-    case _:
-        ...
     case _ as x:
         ...
+match x:
+    case _:
+        ...
 
 # PatternMatchSequence
 match x: