diff --git a/crates/ruff/resources/test/fixtures/isort/case_sensitive.py b/crates/ruff/resources/test/fixtures/isort/case_sensitive.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f500358ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff/resources/test/fixtures/isort/case_sensitive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import A
+import B
+import b
+import C
+import d
+import E
+import f
+from g import a, B, c
+from h import A, b, C
diff --git a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/mod.rs b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/mod.rs
index 251b69f6e4..f156451770 100644
--- a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/mod.rs
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_imports(
     combine_as_imports: bool,
     force_single_line: bool,
     force_sort_within_sections: bool,
+    case_sensitive: bool,
     force_wrap_aliases: bool,
     force_to_top: &BTreeSet<String>,
     known_modules: &KnownModules,
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_imports(
             src,
             package,
             force_sort_within_sections,
+            case_sensitive,
             force_wrap_aliases,
             force_to_top,
             known_modules,
@@ -171,6 +173,7 @@ fn format_import_block(
     src: &[PathBuf],
     package: Option<&Path>,
     force_sort_within_sections: bool,
+    case_sensitive: bool,
     force_wrap_aliases: bool,
     force_to_top: &BTreeSet<String>,
     known_modules: &KnownModules,
@@ -206,6 +209,7 @@ fn format_import_block(
         let imports = order_imports(
             import_block,
             order_by_type,
+            case_sensitive,
             relative_imports_order,
             classes,
             constants,
@@ -222,7 +226,13 @@ fn format_import_block(
                 .collect::<Vec<EitherImport>>();
             if force_sort_within_sections {
                 imports.sort_by(|import1, import2| {
-                    cmp_either_import(import1, import2, relative_imports_order, force_to_top)
+                    cmp_either_import(
+                        import1,
+                        import2,
+                        relative_imports_order,
+                        force_to_top,
+                        case_sensitive,
+                    )
                 });
             };
             imports
@@ -449,6 +459,24 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[test_case(Path::new("case_sensitive.py"))]
+    fn case_sensitive(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        let snapshot = format!("case_sensitive_{}", path.to_string_lossy());
+        let diagnostics = test_path(
+            Path::new("isort").join(path).as_path(),
+            &Settings {
+                isort: super::settings::Settings {
+                    case_sensitive: true,
+                    ..super::settings::Settings::default()
+                },
+                src: vec![test_resource_path("fixtures/isort")],
+                ..Settings::for_rule(Rule::UnsortedImports)
+            },
+        )?;
+        assert_messages!(snapshot, diagnostics);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[test_case(Path::new("force_to_top.py"))]
     fn force_to_top(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let snapshot = format!("force_to_top_{}", path.to_string_lossy());
diff --git a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/order.rs b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/order.rs
index 1867ebf0de..66509a797b 100644
--- a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/order.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/order.rs
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ use super::settings::RelativeImportsOrder;
 use super::sorting::{cmp_import_from, cmp_members, cmp_modules};
 use super::types::{AliasData, CommentSet, ImportBlock, OrderedImportBlock};
 
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub(crate) fn order_imports<'a>(
     block: ImportBlock<'a>,
     order_by_type: bool,
+    case_sensitive: bool,
     relative_imports_order: RelativeImportsOrder,
     classes: &'a BTreeSet<String>,
     constants: &'a BTreeSet<String>,
@@ -25,7 +27,9 @@ pub(crate) fn order_imports<'a>(
         block
             .import
             .into_iter()
-            .sorted_by(|(alias1, _), (alias2, _)| cmp_modules(alias1, alias2, force_to_top)),
+            .sorted_by(|(alias1, _), (alias2, _)| {
+                cmp_modules(alias1, alias2, force_to_top, case_sensitive)
+            }),
     );
 
     // Sort `Stmt::ImportFrom`.
@@ -70,6 +74,7 @@ pub(crate) fn order_imports<'a>(
                                     constants,
                                     variables,
                                     force_to_top,
+                                    case_sensitive,
                                 )
                             })
                             .collect::<Vec<(AliasData, CommentSet)>>(),
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ pub(crate) fn order_imports<'a>(
                         import_from2,
                         relative_imports_order,
                         force_to_top,
+                        case_sensitive,
                     )
                     .then_with(|| match (aliases1.first(), aliases2.first()) {
                         (None, None) => Ordering::Equal,
@@ -96,6 +102,7 @@ pub(crate) fn order_imports<'a>(
                             constants,
                             variables,
                             force_to_top,
+                            case_sensitive,
                         ),
                     })
                 },
diff --git a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/rules/organize_imports.rs b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/rules/organize_imports.rs
index d7a3dbe549..89832f9431 100644
--- a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/rules/organize_imports.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/rules/organize_imports.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ pub(crate) fn organize_imports(
         settings.isort.combine_as_imports,
         settings.isort.force_single_line,
         settings.isort.force_sort_within_sections,
+        settings.isort.case_sensitive,
         settings.isort.force_wrap_aliases,
         &settings.isort.force_to_top,
         &settings.isort.known_modules,
diff --git a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/settings.rs b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/settings.rs
index 262829b73d..f01aa4afd1 100644
--- a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/settings.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/settings.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,15 @@ pub struct Options {
     /// imports (like `from itertools import groupby`). Instead, sort the
     /// imports by module, independent of import style.
     pub force_sort_within_sections: Option<bool>,
+    #[option(
+        default = r#"false"#,
+        value_type = "bool",
+        example = r#"
+            case-sensitive = true
+        "#
+    )]
+    /// Sort imports taking into account case sensitivity.
+    pub case_sensitive: Option<bool>,
     #[option(
         default = r#"[]"#,
         value_type = "list[str]",
@@ -303,6 +312,7 @@ pub struct Settings {
     pub combine_as_imports: bool,
     pub force_single_line: bool,
     pub force_sort_within_sections: bool,
+    pub case_sensitive: bool,
     pub force_wrap_aliases: bool,
     pub force_to_top: BTreeSet<String>,
     pub known_modules: KnownModules,
@@ -327,6 +337,7 @@ impl Default for Settings {
             combine_as_imports: false,
             force_single_line: false,
             force_sort_within_sections: false,
+            case_sensitive: false,
             force_wrap_aliases: false,
             force_to_top: BTreeSet::new(),
             known_modules: KnownModules::default(),
@@ -429,6 +440,7 @@ impl From<Options> for Settings {
             combine_as_imports: options.combine_as_imports.unwrap_or(false),
             force_single_line: options.force_single_line.unwrap_or(false),
             force_sort_within_sections: options.force_sort_within_sections.unwrap_or(false),
+            case_sensitive: options.case_sensitive.unwrap_or(false),
             force_wrap_aliases: options.force_wrap_aliases.unwrap_or(false),
             force_to_top: BTreeSet::from_iter(options.force_to_top.unwrap_or_default()),
             known_modules: KnownModules::new(
@@ -468,6 +480,7 @@ impl From<Settings> for Options {
             ),
             force_single_line: Some(settings.force_single_line),
             force_sort_within_sections: Some(settings.force_sort_within_sections),
+            case_sensitive: Some(settings.case_sensitive),
             force_wrap_aliases: Some(settings.force_wrap_aliases),
             force_to_top: Some(settings.force_to_top.into_iter().collect()),
             known_first_party: Some(
diff --git a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/snapshots/ruff__rules__isort__tests__case_sensitive_case_sensitive.py.snap b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/snapshots/ruff__rules__isort__tests__case_sensitive_case_sensitive.py.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6fe266802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/snapshots/ruff__rules__isort__tests__case_sensitive_case_sensitive.py.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/mod.rs
+---
+case_sensitive.py:1:1: I001 [*] Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted
+  |
+1 | / import A
+2 | | import B
+3 | | import b
+4 | | import C
+5 | | import d
+6 | | import E
+7 | | import f
+8 | | from g import a, B, c
+9 | | from h import A, b, C
+  |
+  = help: Organize imports
+
+ℹ Fix
+1 1 | import A
+2 2 | import B
+  3 |+import C
+  4 |+import E
+3 5 | import b
+4   |-import C
+5 6 | import d
+6   |-import E
+7 7 | import f
+8   |-from g import a, B, c
+9   |-from h import A, b, C
+  8 |+from g import B, a, c
+  9 |+from h import A, C, b
+
+
diff --git a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/sorting.rs b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/sorting.rs
index ec8e15af4e..75bb9a2653 100644
--- a/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/sorting.rs
+++ b/crates/ruff/src/rules/isort/sorting.rs
@@ -56,10 +56,17 @@ pub(crate) fn cmp_modules(
     alias1: &AliasData,
     alias2: &AliasData,
     force_to_top: &BTreeSet<String>,
+    case_sensitive: bool,
 ) -> Ordering {
     cmp_force_to_top(alias1.name, alias2.name, force_to_top)
-        .then_with(|| natord::compare_ignore_case(alias1.name, alias2.name))
-        .then_with(|| natord::compare(alias1.name, alias2.name))
+        .then_with(|| {
+            if case_sensitive {
+                natord::compare(alias1.name, alias2.name)
+            } else {
+                natord::compare_ignore_case(alias1.name, alias2.name)
+                    .then_with(|| natord::compare(alias1.name, alias2.name))
+            }
+        })
         .then_with(|| match (alias1.asname, alias2.asname) {
             (None, None) => Ordering::Equal,
             (None, Some(_)) => Ordering::Less,
@@ -69,6 +76,7 @@ pub(crate) fn cmp_modules(
 }
 
 /// Compare two member imports within `Stmt::ImportFrom` blocks.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub(crate) fn cmp_members(
     alias1: &AliasData,
     alias2: &AliasData,
@@ -77,6 +85,7 @@ pub(crate) fn cmp_members(
     constants: &BTreeSet<String>,
     variables: &BTreeSet<String>,
     force_to_top: &BTreeSet<String>,
+    case_sensitive: bool,
 ) -> Ordering {
     match (alias1.name == "*", alias2.name == "*") {
         (true, false) => Ordering::Less,
@@ -85,9 +94,9 @@ pub(crate) fn cmp_members(
             if order_by_type {
                 prefix(alias1.name, classes, constants, variables)
                     .cmp(&prefix(alias2.name, classes, constants, variables))
-                    .then_with(|| cmp_modules(alias1, alias2, force_to_top))
+                    .then_with(|| cmp_modules(alias1, alias2, force_to_top, case_sensitive))
             } else {
-                cmp_modules(alias1, alias2, force_to_top)
+                cmp_modules(alias1, alias2, force_to_top, case_sensitive)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -116,6 +125,7 @@ pub(crate) fn cmp_import_from(
     import_from2: &ImportFromData,
     relative_imports_order: RelativeImportsOrder,
     force_to_top: &BTreeSet<String>,
+    case_sensitive: bool,
 ) -> Ordering {
     cmp_levels(
         import_from1.level,
@@ -133,8 +143,13 @@ pub(crate) fn cmp_import_from(
         (None, None) => Ordering::Equal,
         (None, Some(_)) => Ordering::Less,
         (Some(_), None) => Ordering::Greater,
-        (Some(module1), Some(module2)) => natord::compare_ignore_case(module1, module2)
-            .then_with(|| natord::compare(module1, module2)),
+        (Some(module1), Some(module2)) => {
+            if case_sensitive {
+                natord::compare(module1, module2)
+            } else {
+                natord::compare_ignore_case(module1, module2)
+            }
+        }
     })
 }
 
@@ -143,9 +158,14 @@ fn cmp_import_import_from(
     import: &AliasData,
     import_from: &ImportFromData,
     force_to_top: &BTreeSet<String>,
+    case_sensitive: bool,
 ) -> Ordering {
     cmp_force_to_top(import.name, &import_from.module_name(), force_to_top).then_with(|| {
-        natord::compare_ignore_case(import.name, import_from.module.unwrap_or_default())
+        if case_sensitive {
+            natord::compare(import.name, import_from.module.unwrap_or_default())
+        } else {
+            natord::compare_ignore_case(import.name, import_from.module.unwrap_or_default())
+        }
     })
 }
 
@@ -156,20 +176,24 @@ pub(crate) fn cmp_either_import(
     b: &EitherImport,
     relative_imports_order: RelativeImportsOrder,
     force_to_top: &BTreeSet<String>,
+    case_sensitive: bool,
 ) -> Ordering {
     match (a, b) {
-        (Import((alias1, _)), Import((alias2, _))) => cmp_modules(alias1, alias2, force_to_top),
+        (Import((alias1, _)), Import((alias2, _))) => {
+            cmp_modules(alias1, alias2, force_to_top, case_sensitive)
+        }
         (ImportFrom((import_from, ..)), Import((alias, _))) => {
-            cmp_import_import_from(alias, import_from, force_to_top).reverse()
+            cmp_import_import_from(alias, import_from, force_to_top, case_sensitive).reverse()
         }
         (Import((alias, _)), ImportFrom((import_from, ..))) => {
-            cmp_import_import_from(alias, import_from, force_to_top)
+            cmp_import_import_from(alias, import_from, force_to_top, case_sensitive)
         }
         (ImportFrom((import_from1, ..)), ImportFrom((import_from2, ..))) => cmp_import_from(
             import_from1,
             import_from2,
             relative_imports_order,
             force_to_top,
+            case_sensitive,
         ),
     }
 }
diff --git a/ruff.schema.json b/ruff.schema.json
index 13181e83d7..47e0a9fde0 100644
--- a/ruff.schema.json
+++ b/ruff.schema.json
@@ -1135,6 +1135,13 @@
     "IsortOptions": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {
+        "case-sensitive": {
+          "description": "Sort imports taking into account case sensitivity.",
+          "type": [
+            "boolean",
+            "null"
+          ]
+        },
         "classes": {
           "description": "An override list of tokens to always recognize as a Class for `order-by-type` regardless of casing.",
           "type": [