New pycodestyle.max-line-length option (#8039)

## Summary

This PR introduces a new `pycodestyl.max-line-length` option that allows overriding the global `line-length` option for `E501` only.

This is useful when using the formatter and `E501` together, where the formatter uses a lower limit and `E501` is only used to catch extra-long lines. 

Closes #7644

## Considerations

~~Our fix infrastructure asserts in some places that the fix doesn't exceed the configured `line-width`. With this change, the question is whether it should use the `pycodestyle.max-line-width` or `line-width` option to make that decision.
I opted for the global `line-width` for now, considering that it should be the lower limit. However, this constraint isn't enforced and users not using the formatter may only specify `pycodestyle.max-line-width` because they're unaware of the global option (and it solves their need).~~


~~I'm interested to hear your thoughts on whether we should use `pycodestyle.max-line-width` or `line-width` to decide on whether to emit a fix or not.~~

Edit: The linter users `pycodestyle.max-line-width`. The `line-width` option has been removed from the `LinterSettings`

## Test Plan

Added integration test. Built the documentation and verified that the links are correct.

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/physical_lines.rs

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use crate::line_width::LineLength;
     use crate::registry::Rule;
+    use crate::rules::pycodestyle;
     use crate::settings::LinterSettings;
 
     use super::check_physical_lines;
@@ -114,7 +115,10 @@ mod tests {
                 &indexer,
                 &[],
                 &LinterSettings {
-                    line_length,
+                    pycodestyle: pycodestyle::settings::Settings {
+                        max_line_length: line_length,
+                        ..pycodestyle::settings::Settings::default()
+                    },
                     ..LinterSettings::for_rule(Rule::LineTooLong)
                 },
             )

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_simplify/rules/ast_with.rs

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pub(crate) fn multiple_with_statements(
                             content,
                             with_stmt.into(),
                             checker.locator(),
-                            checker.settings.line_length,
+                            checker.settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length,
                             checker.settings.tab_size,
                         )
                     }) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_simplify/rules/collapsible_if.rs

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ pub(crate) fn nested_if_statements(
                         content,
                         (&nested_if).into(),
                         checker.locator(),
-                        checker.settings.line_length,
+                        checker.settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length,
                         checker.settings.tab_size,
                     )
                 }) {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_simplify/rules/if_else_block_instead_of_dict_get.rs

@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ pub(crate) fn if_else_block_instead_of_dict_get(checker: &mut Checker, stmt_if:
         &contents,
         stmt_if.into(),
         checker.locator(),
-        checker.settings.line_length,
+        checker.settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length,
         checker.settings.tab_size,
     ) {
         return;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_simplify/rules/if_else_block_instead_of_if_exp.rs

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pub(crate) fn if_else_block_instead_of_if_exp(checker: &mut Checker, stmt_if: &a
         &contents,
         stmt_if.into(),
         checker.locator(),
-        checker.settings.line_length,
+        checker.settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length,
         checker.settings.tab_size,
     ) {
         return;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_simplify/rules/reimplemented_builtin.rs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ pub(crate) fn convert_for_loop_to_any_all(checker: &mut Checker, stmt: &Stmt) {
                 &contents,
                 stmt.into(),
                 checker.locator(),
-                checker.settings.line_length,
+                checker.settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length,
                 checker.settings.tab_size,
             ) {
                 return;
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ pub(crate) fn convert_for_loop_to_any_all(checker: &mut Checker, stmt: &Stmt) {
                         .slice(TextRange::new(line_start, stmt.start())),
                 )
                 .add_str(&contents)
-                > checker.settings.line_length
+                > checker.settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length
             {
                 return;
             }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/isort/rules/organize_imports.rs

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub(crate) fn organize_imports(
         block,
         comments,
         locator,
-        settings.line_length,
+        settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length,
         LineWidthBuilder::new(settings.tab_size).add_str(indentation),
         stylist,
         &settings.src,

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pycodestyle/mod.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use crate::line_width::LineLength;
     use crate::registry::Rule;
+    use crate::rules::pycodestyle;
     use crate::settings::types::PreviewMode;
     use crate::test::test_path;
     use crate::{assert_messages, settings};
@@ -229,7 +230,10 @@ mod tests {
             Path::new("pycodestyle/E501_2.py"),
             &settings::LinterSettings {
                 tab_size: NonZeroU8::new(tab_size).unwrap().into(),
-                line_length: LineLength::try_from(6).unwrap(),
+                pycodestyle: pycodestyle::settings::Settings {
+                    max_line_length: LineLength::try_from(6).unwrap(),
+                    ..pycodestyle::settings::Settings::default()
+                },
                 ..settings::LinterSettings::for_rule(Rule::LineTooLong)
             },
         )?;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pycodestyle/rules/line_too_long.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ use crate::settings::LinterSettings;
 ///
 /// ## Options
 /// - `line-length`
+/// - `pycodestyle.max-line-length`
 /// - `task-tags`
 /// - `pycodestyle.ignore-overlong-task-comments`
 ///
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ pub(crate) fn line_too_long(
     indexer: &Indexer,
     settings: &LinterSettings,
 ) -> Option<Diagnostic> {
-    let limit = settings.line_length;
+    let limit = settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length;
 
     Overlong::try_from_line(
         line,

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pycodestyle/settings.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use crate::line_width::LineLength;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, CacheKey)]
 pub struct Settings {
+    pub max_line_length: LineLength,
     pub max_doc_length: Option<LineLength>,
     pub ignore_overlong_task_comments: bool,
 }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pyupgrade/rules/f_strings.rs

@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ pub(crate) fn f_strings(
         &contents,
         template.into(),
         checker.locator(),
-        checker.settings.line_length,
+        checker.settings.pycodestyle.max_line_length,
         checker.settings.tab_size,
     ) {
         return;

crates/ruff_linter/src/settings/mod.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::rules::{
 use crate::settings::types::{FilePatternSet, PerFileIgnore, PythonVersion};
 use crate::{codes, RuleSelector};
 
-use super::line_width::{LineLength, TabSize};
+use super::line_width::TabSize;
 
 use self::rule_table::RuleTable;
 use self::types::PreviewMode;
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ pub struct LinterSettings {
     pub dummy_variable_rgx: Regex,
     pub external: FxHashSet<String>,
     pub ignore_init_module_imports: bool,
-    pub line_length: LineLength,
     pub logger_objects: Vec<String>,
     pub namespace_packages: Vec<PathBuf>,
     pub src: Vec<PathBuf>,
@@ -147,7 +146,6 @@ impl LinterSettings {
 
             external: HashSet::default(),
             ignore_init_module_imports: false,
-            line_length: LineLength::default(),
             logger_objects: vec![],
             namespace_packages: vec![],