[pylint] Implement subprocess-run-check (W1510) (#6487)

## Summary

Implements [`subprocess-run-check`
(`W1510`)](https://pylint.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/messages/warning/subprocess-run-check.html)
as `subprocess-run-without-check` (`PLW1510`). Includes documentation.

Related to #970.

## Test Plan

`cargo test`

crates/ruff/resources/test/fixtures/pylint/subprocess_run_without_check.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import subprocess
+
+# Errors.
+subprocess.run("ls")
+subprocess.run("ls", shell=True)
+
+# Non-errors.
+subprocess.run("ls", check=True)
+subprocess.run("ls", check=False)
+subprocess.run("ls", shell=True, check=True)
+subprocess.run("ls", shell=True, check=False)
+foo.run("ls")  # Not a subprocess.run call.
+subprocess.bar("ls")  # Not a subprocess.run call.

crates/ruff/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -763,6 +763,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::SubprocessPopenPreexecFn) {
                 pylint::rules::subprocess_popen_preexec_fn(checker, call);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::SubprocessRunWithoutCheck) {
+                pylint::rules::subprocess_run_without_check(checker, call);
+            }
             if checker.any_enabled(&[
                 Rule::PytestRaisesWithoutException,
                 Rule::PytestRaisesTooBroad,

crates/ruff/src/codes.rs

@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Pylint, "W0711") => (RuleGroup::Unspecified, rules::pylint::rules::BinaryOpException),
         (Pylint, "W1508") => (RuleGroup::Unspecified, rules::pylint::rules::InvalidEnvvarDefault),
         (Pylint, "W1509") => (RuleGroup::Unspecified, rules::pylint::rules::SubprocessPopenPreexecFn),
+        (Pylint, "W1510") => (RuleGroup::Unspecified, rules::pylint::rules::SubprocessRunWithoutCheck),
         (Pylint, "W1641") => (RuleGroup::Nursery, rules::pylint::rules::EqWithoutHash),
         (Pylint, "W2901") => (RuleGroup::Unspecified, rules::pylint::rules::RedefinedLoopName),
         (Pylint, "W3301") => (RuleGroup::Unspecified, rules::pylint::rules::NestedMinMax),

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/mod.rs

@@ -126,6 +126,10 @@ mod tests {
         Rule::SubprocessPopenPreexecFn,
         Path::new("subprocess_popen_preexec_fn.py")
     )]
+    #[test_case(
+        Rule::SubprocessRunWithoutCheck,
+        Path::new("subprocess_run_without_check.py")
+    )]
     fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.noqa_code(), path.to_string_lossy());
         let diagnostics = test_path(

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/rules/mod.rs

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ pub(crate) use return_in_init::*;
 pub(crate) use self_assigning_variable::*;
 pub(crate) use single_string_slots::*;
 pub(crate) use subprocess_popen_preexec_fn::*;
+pub(crate) use subprocess_run_without_check::*;
 pub(crate) use sys_exit_alias::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_arguments::*;
 pub(crate) use too_many_branches::*;
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ mod return_in_init;
 mod self_assigning_variable;
 mod single_string_slots;
 mod subprocess_popen_preexec_fn;
+mod subprocess_run_without_check;
 mod sys_exit_alias;
 mod too_many_arguments;
 mod too_many_branches;

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/rules/subprocess_run_without_check.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{Diagnostic, Violation};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast as ast;
+use ruff_python_ast::Ranged;
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for uses of `subprocess.run` without an explicit `check` argument.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// By default, `subprocess.run` does not check the return code of the process
+/// it runs. This can lead to silent failures.
+///
+/// Instead, consider using `check=True` to raise an exception if the process
+/// fails, or set `check=False` explicitly to mark the behavior as intentional.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// import subprocess
+///
+/// subprocess.run(["ls", "nonexistent"])  # No exception raised.
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// import subprocess
+///
+/// subprocess.run(["ls", "nonexistent"], check=True)  # Raises exception.
+/// ```
+///
+/// Or:
+/// ```python
+/// import subprocess
+///
+/// subprocess.run(["ls", "nonexistent"], check=False)  # Explicitly no check.
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## References
+/// - [Python documentation: `subprocess.run`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.run)
+#[violation]
+pub struct SubprocessRunWithoutCheck;
+
+impl Violation for SubprocessRunWithoutCheck {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        format!("`subprocess.run` without explicit `check` argument")
+    }
+}
+
+/// PLW1510
+pub(crate) fn subprocess_run_without_check(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ast::ExprCall) {
+    if checker
+        .semantic()
+        .resolve_call_path(&call.func)
+        .is_some_and(|call_path| matches!(call_path.as_slice(), ["subprocess", "run"]))
+    {
+        if call.arguments.find_keyword("check").is_none() {
+            checker.diagnostics.push(Diagnostic::new(
+                SubprocessRunWithoutCheck,
+                call.func.range(),
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/snapshots/ruff__rules__pylint__tests__PLW1510_subprocess_run_without_check.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff/src/rules/pylint/mod.rs
+---
+subprocess_run_without_check.py:4:1: PLW1510 `subprocess.run` without explicit `check` argument
+  |
+3 | # Errors.
+4 | subprocess.run("ls")
+  | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ PLW1510
+5 | subprocess.run("ls", shell=True)
+  |
+
+subprocess_run_without_check.py:5:1: PLW1510 `subprocess.run` without explicit `check` argument
+  |
+3 | # Errors.
+4 | subprocess.run("ls")
+5 | subprocess.run("ls", shell=True)
+  | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ PLW1510
+6 | 
+7 | # Non-errors.
+  |
+
+