Add rule deprecation infrastructure (#9689)

Adds a new `Deprecated` rule group in addition to `Stable` and
`Preview`.

Deprecated rules:
- Warn on explicit selection without preview
- Error on explicit selection with preview
- Are excluded when selected by prefix with preview

Deprecates `TRY200`, `ANN101`, and `ANN102` as a proof of concept. We
can consider deprecating them separately.

crates/ruff_macros/src/map_codes.rs

@@ -317,10 +317,18 @@ See also https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/2186.
                 matches!(self.group(), RuleGroup::Preview)
             }
 
+            pub fn is_stable(&self) -> bool {
+                matches!(self.group(), RuleGroup::Stable)
+            }
+
             #[allow(deprecated)]
             pub fn is_nursery(&self) -> bool {
                 matches!(self.group(), RuleGroup::Nursery)
             }
+
+            pub fn is_deprecated(&self) -> bool {
+                matches!(self.group(), RuleGroup::Deprecated)
+            }
         }
 
         impl Linter {