[ty] TypedDict: Add support for typing.ReadOnly (#20241)

## Summary

Add support for `typing.ReadOnly` as a type qualifier to mark
`TypedDict` fields as being read-only. If you try to mutate them, you
get a new diagnostic:

<img width="787" height="234" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f62fddf9-4961-4bcd-ad1c-747043ebe5ff"
/>


## Test Plan

* New Markdown tests
* The typing conformance changes are all correct. There are some false
negatives, but those are related to the missing support for the
functional form of `TypedDict`, or to overriding of fields via
inheritance. Both of these topics are tracked in
https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/154

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/snapshots/typed_dict.md_-_`TypedDict`_-_Diagnostics_(e5289abf5c570c29).snap

@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@ mdtest path: crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/typed_dict.md
 23 | 
 24 | def write_to_non_literal_string_key(person: Person, str_key: str):
 25 |     person[str_key] = "Alice"  # error: [invalid-key]
+26 | from typing_extensions import ReadOnly
+27 | 
+28 | class Employee(TypedDict):
+29 |     id: ReadOnly[int]
+30 |     name: str
+31 | 
+32 | def write_to_readonly_key(employee: Employee):
+33 |     employee["id"] = 42  # error: [invalid-assignment]
 ```
 
 # Diagnostics
@@ -127,7 +135,22 @@ error[invalid-key]: Cannot access `Person` with a key of type `str`. Only string
 24 | def write_to_non_literal_string_key(person: Person, str_key: str):
 25 |     person[str_key] = "Alice"  # error: [invalid-key]
    |            ^^^^^^^
+26 | from typing_extensions import ReadOnly
    |
 info: rule `invalid-key` is enabled by default
 
 ```
+
+```
+error[invalid-assignment]: Can not assign to key "id" on TypedDict `Employee`
+  --> src/mdtest_snippet.py:33:5
+   |
+32 | def write_to_readonly_key(employee: Employee):
+33 |     employee["id"] = 42  # error: [invalid-assignment]
+   |     -------- ^^^^ key is marked read-only
+   |     |
+   |     TypedDict `Employee`
+   |
+info: rule `invalid-assignment` is enabled by default
+
+```

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/typed_dict.md

@@ -444,8 +444,7 @@ def _(person: Person, unknown_key: Any):
 
 ## `ReadOnly`
 
-`ReadOnly` is not supported yet, but this test makes sure that we do not emit any false positive
-diagnostics:
+Assignments to keys that are marked `ReadOnly` will produce an error:
 
 ```py
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict, ReadOnly, Required
@@ -458,10 +457,26 @@ class Person(TypedDict, total=False):
 alice: Person = {"id": 1, "name": "Alice", "age": 30}
 alice["age"] = 31  # okay
 
-# TODO: this should be an error
+# error: [invalid-assignment] "Can not assign to key "id" on TypedDict `Person`: key is marked read-only"
 alice["id"] = 2
 ```
 
+This also works if all fields on a `TypedDict` are `ReadOnly`, in which case we synthesize a
+`__setitem__` method with a `key` type of `Never`:
+
+```py
+class Config(TypedDict):
+    host: ReadOnly[str]
+    port: ReadOnly[int]
+
+config: Config = {"host": "localhost", "port": 8080}
+
+# error: [invalid-assignment] "Can not assign to key "host" on TypedDict `Config`: key is marked read-only"
+config["host"] = "127.0.0.1"
+# error: [invalid-assignment] "Can not assign to key "port" on TypedDict `Config`: key is marked read-only"
+config["port"] = 80
+```
+
 ## Methods on `TypedDict`
 
 ```py
@@ -846,6 +861,19 @@ def write_to_non_literal_string_key(person: Person, str_key: str):
     person[str_key] = "Alice"  # error: [invalid-key]
 ```
 
+Assignment to `ReadOnly` keys:
+
+```py
+from typing_extensions import ReadOnly
+
+class Employee(TypedDict):
+    id: ReadOnly[int]
+    name: str
+
+def write_to_readonly_key(employee: Employee):
+    employee["id"] = 42  # error: [invalid-assignment]
+```
+
 ## Import aliases
 
 `TypedDict` can be imported with aliases and should work correctly:

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/place.rs

@@ -589,6 +589,11 @@ impl<'db> PlaceAndQualifiers<'db> {
         self.qualifiers.contains(TypeQualifiers::NOT_REQUIRED)
     }
 
+    /// Returns `true` if the place has a `ReadOnly` type qualifier.
+    pub(crate) fn is_read_only(&self) -> bool {
+        self.qualifiers.contains(TypeQualifiers::READ_ONLY)
+    }
+
     /// Returns `Some(…)` if the place is qualified with `typing.Final` without a specified type.
     pub(crate) fn is_bare_final(&self) -> Option<TypeQualifiers> {
         match self {

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/class.rs

@@ -1271,6 +1271,8 @@ pub(crate) enum FieldKind<'db> {
     TypedDict {
         /// Whether this field is required
         is_required: bool,
+        /// Whether this field is marked read-only
+        is_read_only: bool,
     },
 }
 
@@ -1292,7 +1294,14 @@ impl Field<'_> {
             FieldKind::Dataclass {
                 init, default_ty, ..
             } => default_ty.is_none() && *init,
-            FieldKind::TypedDict { is_required } => *is_required,
+            FieldKind::TypedDict { is_required, .. } => *is_required,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) const fn is_read_only(&self) -> bool {
+        match &self.kind {
+            FieldKind::TypedDict { is_read_only, .. } => *is_read_only,
+            _ => false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2276,8 +2285,36 @@ impl<'db> ClassLiteral<'db> {
             (CodeGeneratorKind::TypedDict, "__setitem__") => {
                 let fields = self.fields(db, specialization, field_policy);
 
-                // Add (key type, value type) overloads for all TypedDict items ("fields"):
-                let overloads = fields.iter().map(|(name, field)| {
+                // Add (key type, value type) overloads for all TypedDict items ("fields") that are not read-only:
+
+                let mut writeable_fields = fields
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|(_, field)| !field.is_read_only())
+                    .peekable();
+
+                if writeable_fields.peek().is_none() {
+                    // If there are no writeable fields, synthesize a `__setitem__` that takes
+                    // a `key` of type `Never` to signal that no keys are accepted. This leads
+                    // to slightly more user-friendly error messages compared to returning an
+                    // empty overload set.
+                    return Some(Type::Callable(CallableType::new(
+                        db,
+                        CallableSignature::single(Signature::new(
+                            Parameters::new([
+                                Parameter::positional_only(Some(Name::new_static("self")))
+                                    .with_annotated_type(instance_ty),
+                                Parameter::positional_only(Some(Name::new_static("key")))
+                                    .with_annotated_type(Type::Never),
+                                Parameter::positional_only(Some(Name::new_static("value")))
+                                    .with_annotated_type(Type::any()),
+                            ]),
+                            Some(Type::none(db)),
+                        )),
+                        true,
+                    )));
+                }
+
+                let overloads = writeable_fields.map(|(name, field)| {
                     let key_type = Type::StringLiteral(StringLiteralType::new(db, name.as_str()));
 
                     Signature::new(
@@ -2680,7 +2717,11 @@ impl<'db> ClassLiteral<'db> {
                                 .expect("TypedDictParams should be available for CodeGeneratorKind::TypedDict")
                                 .contains(TypedDictParams::TOTAL)
                         };
-                        FieldKind::TypedDict { is_required }
+
+                        FieldKind::TypedDict {
+                            is_required,
+                            is_read_only: attr.is_read_only(),
+                        }
                     }
                 };
 

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/typed_dict.rs

@@ -122,6 +122,10 @@ impl TypedDictAssignmentKind {
             Self::Constructor => &INVALID_ARGUMENT_TYPE,
         }
     }
+
+    const fn is_subscript(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Subscript)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Validates assignment of a value to a specific key on a `TypedDict`.
@@ -153,6 +157,29 @@ pub(super) fn validate_typed_dict_key_assignment<'db, 'ast>(
         return false;
     };
 
+    if assignment_kind.is_subscript() && item.is_read_only() {
+        if let Some(builder) =
+            context.report_lint(assignment_kind.diagnostic_type(), key_node.into())
+        {
+            let typed_dict_ty = Type::TypedDict(typed_dict);
+            let typed_dict_d = typed_dict_ty.display(db);
+
+            let mut diagnostic = builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
+                "Can not assign to key \"{key}\" on TypedDict `{typed_dict_d}`",
+            ));
+
+            diagnostic.set_primary_message(format_args!("key is marked read-only"));
+
+            diagnostic.annotate(
+                context
+                    .secondary(typed_dict_node.into())
+                    .message(format_args!("TypedDict `{typed_dict_d}`")),
+            );
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
     // Key exists, check if value type is assignable to declared type
     if value_ty.is_assignable_to(db, item.declared_ty) {
         return true;