[ty] implement disjointness of Callable vs SpecialForm (#18503)

## Summary

Fixes https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/557

## Test Plan

Stable property tests succeed with a million iterations. Added mdtests.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/type_properties/is_disjoint_from.md

@@ -498,3 +498,50 @@ def possibly_unbound_with_invalid_type(flag: bool):
     static_assert(is_disjoint_from(G, Callable[..., Any]))
     static_assert(is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], G))
 ```
+
+A callable type is disjoint from special form types, except for callable special forms.
+
+```py
+from ty_extensions import is_disjoint_from, static_assert, TypeOf
+from typing_extensions import Any, Callable, TypedDict
+from typing import Literal, Union, Optional, Final, Type, ChainMap, Counter, OrderedDict, DefaultDict, Deque
+
+# Most special forms are disjoint from callable types because they are
+# type constructors/annotations that are subscripted, not called.
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[Literal]))
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[Literal], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(Callable[[], None], TypeOf[Union]))
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[Union], Callable[[], None]))
+
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(Callable[[int], str], TypeOf[Optional]))
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[Optional], Callable[[int], str]))
+
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[Type]))
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[Type], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[Final]))
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[Final], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[Callable]))
+static_assert(is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[Callable], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+# However, some special forms are callable (TypedDict and collection constructors)
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[TypedDict]))
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[TypedDict], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[ChainMap]))
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[ChainMap], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[Counter]))
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[Counter], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[DefaultDict]))
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[DefaultDict], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[Deque]))
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[Deque], Callable[..., Any]))
+
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(Callable[..., Any], TypeOf[OrderedDict]))
+static_assert(not is_disjoint_from(TypeOf[OrderedDict], Callable[..., Any]))
+```