Consider quotes inside format-specs when choosing the quotes for an f-string (#14493)

crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/expression/fstring_py312.py

@@ -15,3 +15,31 @@ f'{"""other " """ + "more"}'
 f'{b"""other " """}'
 f'{f"""other " """}'
 
+
+# Regression tests for https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/13935
+f'{1: hy "user"}'
+f'{1:hy "user"}'
+f'{1: abcd "{1}" }'
+f'{1: abcd "{'aa'}" }'
+f'{1=: "abcd {'aa'}}'
+f'{x:a{z:hy "user"}} \'\'\''
+
+# Changing the outer quotes is fine because the format-spec is in a nested expression.
+f'{f'{z=:hy "user"}'} \'\'\''
+
+
+#  We have to be careful about changing the quotes if the f-string has a debug expression because it is inserted verbatim.
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}'  # Don't change the outer quotes, or it results in a syntax error
+f'{1=: abcd \'\'}'  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes aren't the opposite quotes
+f'{1=: abcd \"\"}'  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes are escaped
+# Don't change the quotes in the following cases:
+f'{x=:hy "user"} \'\'\''
+f'{x=:a{y:hy "user"}} \'\'\''
+f'{x=:a{y:{z:hy "user"}}} \'\'\''
+f'{x:a{y=:{z:hy "user"}}} \'\'\''
+
+# This is fine because the debug expression and format spec are in a nested expression
+
+f"""{1=: "this" is fine}"""
+f'''{1=: "this" is fine}'''  # Change quotes to double quotes because they're preferred
+f'{1=: {'ab"cd"'}}'  # It's okay if the quotes are in an expression part.

crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/expression/join_implicit_concatenated_string.py

@@ -319,3 +319,10 @@ assert False, "Implicit concatenated stringuses {} layout on {} format"[
 assert False, +"Implicit concatenated string" "uses {} layout on {} format".format(
     "Multiline", "first"
 )
+
+
+# Regression tests for https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/13935
+
+"a" f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}'
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}' "a"
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}' f"{1=: 'abcd \"\"}"

crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/string/implicit.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use crate::preview::{
 };
 use crate::string::docstring::needs_chaperone_space;
 use crate::string::normalize::{
-    is_fstring_with_quoted_debug_expression,
+    is_fstring_with_quoted_debug_expression, is_fstring_with_quoted_format_spec_and_debug,
     is_fstring_with_triple_quoted_literal_expression_containing_quotes, QuoteMetadata,
 };
 use crate::string::{normalize_string, StringLikeExtensions, StringNormalizer, StringQuotes};
@@ -206,15 +206,8 @@ impl<'a> FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringFlat<'a> {
                         return None;
                     }
 
-                    // Avoid invalid syntax for pre Python 312:
+                    if context.options().target_version().supports_pep_701() {
-                    // * When joining parts that have debug expressions with quotes: `f"{10 + len('bar')=}" f'{10 + len("bar")=}'
+                        if is_fstring_with_quoted_format_spec_and_debug(fstring, context) {
-                    // * When joining parts that contain triple quoted strings with quotes: `f"{'''test ' '''}" f'{"""other " """}'`
-                    if !context.options().target_version().supports_pep_701() {
-                        if is_fstring_with_quoted_debug_expression(fstring, context)
-                            || is_fstring_with_triple_quoted_literal_expression_containing_quotes(
-                                fstring, context,
-                            )
-                        {
                             if preserve_quotes_requirement
                                 .is_some_and(|quote| quote != part.flags().quote_style())
                             {
@@ -223,6 +216,21 @@ impl<'a> FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringFlat<'a> {
                             preserve_quotes_requirement = Some(part.flags().quote_style());
                         }
                     }
+                    // Avoid invalid syntax for pre Python 312:
+                    // * When joining parts that have debug expressions with quotes: `f"{10 + len('bar')=}" f'{10 + len("bar")=}'
+                    // * When joining parts that contain triple quoted strings with quotes: `f"{'''test ' '''}" f'{"""other " """}'`
+                    else if is_fstring_with_quoted_debug_expression(fstring, context)
+                        || is_fstring_with_triple_quoted_literal_expression_containing_quotes(
+                            fstring, context,
+                        )
+                    {
+                        if preserve_quotes_requirement
+                            .is_some_and(|quote| quote != part.flags().quote_style())
+                        {
+                            return None;
+                        }
+                        preserve_quotes_requirement = Some(part.flags().quote_style());
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -238,26 +246,30 @@ impl<'a> FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringFlat<'a> {
                 StringLike::FString(_) => AnyStringPrefix::Format(FStringPrefix::Regular),
             };
 
-            // Only determining the preferred quote for the first string is sufficient
+            let quote = if let Some(quote) = preserve_quotes_requirement {
-            // because we don't support joining triple quoted strings with non triple quoted strings.
+                quote
-            let quote = if let Ok(preferred_quote) =
-                Quote::try_from(normalizer.preferred_quote_style(first_part))
-            {
-                for part in string.parts() {
-                    let part_quote_metadata =
-                        QuoteMetadata::from_part(part, context, preferred_quote);
-
-                    if let Some(merged) = merged_quotes.as_mut() {
-                        *merged = part_quote_metadata.merge(merged)?;
-                    } else {
-                        merged_quotes = Some(part_quote_metadata);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                merged_quotes?.choose(preferred_quote)
             } else {
-                // Use the quotes of the first part if the quotes should be preserved.
+                // Only determining the preferred quote for the first string is sufficient
-                first_part.flags().quote_style()
+                // because we don't support joining triple quoted strings with non triple quoted strings.
+                if let Ok(preferred_quote) =
+                    Quote::try_from(normalizer.preferred_quote_style(first_part))
+                {
+                    for part in string.parts() {
+                        let part_quote_metadata =
+                            QuoteMetadata::from_part(part, context, preferred_quote);
+
+                        if let Some(merged) = merged_quotes.as_mut() {
+                            *merged = part_quote_metadata.merge(merged)?;
+                        } else {
+                            merged_quotes = Some(part_quote_metadata);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    merged_quotes?.choose(preferred_quote)
+                } else {
+                    // Use the quotes of the first part if the quotes should be preserved.
+                    first_part.flags().quote_style()
+                }
             };
 
             Some(AnyStringFlags::new(prefix, quote, false))

crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/string/normalize.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ use std::iter::FusedIterator;
 use ruff_formatter::FormatContext;
 use ruff_python_ast::visitor::source_order::SourceOrderVisitor;
 use ruff_python_ast::{
-    str::Quote, AnyStringFlags, BytesLiteral, FString, StringFlags, StringLikePart, StringLiteral,
+    str::Quote, AnyStringFlags, BytesLiteral, FString, FStringElement, FStringElements,
+    FStringFlags, StringFlags, StringLikePart, StringLiteral,
 };
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange, TextSlice};
 
@@ -78,6 +79,10 @@ impl<'a, 'src> StringNormalizer<'a, 'src> {
                             return QuoteStyle::Preserve;
                         }
                     }
+                } else if let StringLikePart::FString(fstring) = string {
+                    if is_fstring_with_quoted_format_spec_and_debug(fstring, self.context) {
+                        return QuoteStyle::Preserve;
+                    }
                 }
 
                 // For f-strings prefer alternating the quotes unless The outer string is triple quoted and the inner isn't.
@@ -262,37 +267,14 @@ impl QuoteMetadata {
             }
             StringLikePart::FString(fstring) => {
                 if is_f_string_formatting_enabled(context) {
-                    // For f-strings, only consider the quotes inside string-literals but ignore
+                    let metadata = QuoteMetadata::from_str("", part.flags(), preferred_quote);
-                    // quotes inside expressions. This allows both the outer and the nested literals
-                    // to make the optimal local-choice to reduce the total number of quotes necessary.
-                    // This doesn't require any pre 312 special handling because an expression
-                    // can never contain the outer quote character, not even escaped:
-                    // ```python
-                    // f"{'escaping a quote like this \" is a syntax error pre 312'}"
-                    // ```
-                    let mut literals = fstring.elements.literals();
 
-                    let Some(first) = literals.next() else {
+                    metadata.merge_fstring_elements(
-                        return QuoteMetadata::from_str("", part.flags(), preferred_quote);
+                        &fstring.elements,
-                    };
+                        fstring.flags,
-
+                        context,
-                    let mut metadata = QuoteMetadata::from_str(
-                        context.source().slice(first),
-                        fstring.flags.into(),
                         preferred_quote,
-                    );
+                    )
-
-                    for literal in literals {
-                        metadata = metadata
-                            .merge(&QuoteMetadata::from_str(
-                                context.source().slice(literal),
-                                fstring.flags.into(),
-                                preferred_quote,
-                            ))
-                            .expect("Merge to succeed because all parts have the same flags");
-                    }
-
-                    metadata
                 } else {
                     let text = &context.source()[part.content_range()];
 
@@ -398,6 +380,52 @@ impl QuoteMetadata {
             source_style: self.source_style,
         })
     }
+
+    /// For f-strings, only consider the quotes inside string-literals but ignore
+    /// quotes inside expressions (except inside the format spec). This allows both the outer and the nested literals
+    /// to make the optimal local-choice to reduce the total number of quotes necessary.
+    /// This doesn't require any pre 312 special handling because an expression
+    /// can never contain the outer quote character, not even escaped:
+    /// ```python
+    /// f"{'escaping a quote like this \" is a syntax error pre 312'}"
+    /// ```
+    fn merge_fstring_elements(
+        self,
+        elements: &FStringElements,
+        flags: FStringFlags,
+        context: &PyFormatContext,
+        preferred_quote: Quote,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut merged = self;
+
+        for element in elements {
+            match element {
+                FStringElement::Literal(literal) => {
+                    merged = merged
+                        .merge(&QuoteMetadata::from_str(
+                            context.source().slice(literal),
+                            flags.into(),
+                            preferred_quote,
+                        ))
+                        .expect("Merge to succeed because all parts have the same flags");
+                }
+                FStringElement::Expression(expression) => {
+                    if let Some(spec) = expression.format_spec.as_deref() {
+                        if expression.debug_text.is_none() {
+                            merged = merged.merge_fstring_elements(
+                                &spec.elements,
+                                flags,
+                                context,
+                                preferred_quote,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        merged
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -891,33 +919,66 @@ pub(super) fn is_fstring_with_quoted_debug_expression(
     fstring: &FString,
     context: &PyFormatContext,
 ) -> bool {
-    if fstring.elements.expressions().any(|expression| {
+    fstring.elements.expressions().any(|expression| {
         if expression.debug_text.is_some() {
             let content = context.source().slice(expression);
-            match fstring.flags.quote_style() {
+            contains_opposite_quote(content, fstring.flags.into())
-                Quote::Single => {
-                    if fstring.flags.is_triple_quoted() {
-                        content.contains(r#"""""#)
-                    } else {
-                        content.contains('"')
-                    }
-                }
-                Quote::Double => {
-                    if fstring.flags.is_triple_quoted() {
-                        content.contains("'''")
-                    } else {
-                        content.contains('\'')
-                    }
-                }
-            }
         } else {
             false
         }
-    }) {
+    })
-        return true;
+}
+
+/// Returns `true` if `string` has any f-string expression element (direct or nested) with a debug expression and a format spec
+/// that contains the opposite quote. It's important to preserve the quote style for those f-strings
+/// because changing the quote style would result in invalid syntax.
+///
+/// ```python
+/// f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}'
+/// f'{x=:a{y:"abcd"}}'
+/// f'{x=:a{y:{z:"abcd"}}}'
+/// ```
+pub(super) fn is_fstring_with_quoted_format_spec_and_debug(
+    fstring: &FString,
+    context: &PyFormatContext,
+) -> bool {
+    fn has_format_spec_with_opposite_quote(
+        elements: &FStringElements,
+        flags: FStringFlags,
+        context: &PyFormatContext,
+        in_debug: bool,
+    ) -> bool {
+        elements.iter().any(|element| match element {
+            FStringElement::Literal(literal) => {
+                let content = context.source().slice(literal);
+
+                in_debug && contains_opposite_quote(content, flags.into())
+            }
+            FStringElement::Expression(expression) => {
+                expression.format_spec.as_deref().is_some_and(|spec| {
+                    has_format_spec_with_opposite_quote(
+                        &spec.elements,
+                        flags,
+                        context,
+                        in_debug || expression.debug_text.is_some(),
+                    )
+                })
+            }
+        })
     }
 
-    false
+    fstring.elements.expressions().any(|expression| {
+        if let Some(spec) = expression.format_spec.as_deref() {
+            return has_format_spec_with_opposite_quote(
+                &spec.elements,
+                fstring.flags,
+                context,
+                expression.debug_text.is_some(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        false
+    })
 }
 
 /// Tests if the `fstring` contains any triple quoted string, byte, or f-string literal that
@@ -997,6 +1058,40 @@ pub(super) fn is_fstring_with_triple_quoted_literal_expression_containing_quotes
     visitor.found
 }
 
+fn contains_opposite_quote(content: &str, flags: AnyStringFlags) -> bool {
+    if flags.is_triple_quoted() {
+        match flags.quote_style() {
+            Quote::Single => content.contains(r#"""""#),
+            Quote::Double => content.contains("'''"),
+        }
+    } else {
+        let mut rest = content;
+
+        while let Some(index) = rest.find(flags.quote_style().opposite().as_char()) {
+            // Quotes in raw strings can't be escaped
+            if flags.is_raw_string() {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // Only if the quote isn't escaped
+            if rest[..index]
+                .chars()
+                .rev()
+                .take_while(|c| *c == '\\')
+                .count()
+                % 2
+                == 0
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            rest = &rest[index + flags.quote_style().opposite().as_char().len_utf8()..];
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::borrow::Cow;

crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@expression__fstring_py312.py.snap

@@ -22,6 +22,34 @@ f'{"""other " """ + "more"}'
 f'{b"""other " """}'
 f'{f"""other " """}'
 
+
+# Regression tests for https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/13935
+f'{1: hy "user"}'
+f'{1:hy "user"}'
+f'{1: abcd "{1}" }'
+f'{1: abcd "{'aa'}" }'
+f'{1=: "abcd {'aa'}}'
+f'{x:a{z:hy "user"}} \'\'\''
+
+# Changing the outer quotes is fine because the format-spec is in a nested expression.
+f'{f'{z=:hy "user"}'} \'\'\''
+
+
+#  We have to be careful about changing the quotes if the f-string has a debug expression because it is inserted verbatim.
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}'  # Don't change the outer quotes, or it results in a syntax error
+f'{1=: abcd \'\'}'  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes aren't the opposite quotes
+f'{1=: abcd \"\"}'  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes are escaped
+# Don't change the quotes in the following cases:
+f'{x=:hy "user"} \'\'\''
+f'{x=:a{y:hy "user"}} \'\'\''
+f'{x=:a{y:{z:hy "user"}}} \'\'\''
+f'{x:a{y=:{z:hy "user"}}} \'\'\''
+
+# This is fine because the debug expression and format spec are in a nested expression
+
+f"""{1=: "this" is fine}"""
+f'''{1=: "this" is fine}'''  # Change quotes to double quotes because they're preferred
+f'{1=: {'ab"cd"'}}'  # It's okay if the quotes are in an expression part.
 ```
 
 ## Outputs
@@ -57,6 +85,35 @@ f'{"""other " """}'
 f'{"""other " """ + "more"}'
 f'{b"""other " """}'
 f'{f"""other " """}'
+
+
+# Regression tests for https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/13935
+f'{1: hy "user"}'
+f'{1:hy "user"}'
+f'{1: abcd "{1}" }'
+f'{1: abcd "{'aa'}" }'
+f'{1=: "abcd {'aa'}}'
+f'{x:a{z:hy "user"}} \'\'\''
+
+# Changing the outer quotes is fine because the format-spec is in a nested expression.
+f'{f'{z=:hy "user"}'} \'\'\''
+
+
+#  We have to be careful about changing the quotes if the f-string has a debug expression because it is inserted verbatim.
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}'  # Don't change the outer quotes, or it results in a syntax error
+f'{1=: abcd \'\'}'  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes aren't the opposite quotes
+f'{1=: abcd \"\"}'  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes are escaped
+# Don't change the quotes in the following cases:
+f'{x=:hy "user"} \'\'\''
+f'{x=:a{y:hy "user"}} \'\'\''
+f'{x=:a{y:{z:hy "user"}}} \'\'\''
+f'{x:a{y=:{z:hy "user"}}} \'\'\''
+
+# This is fine because the debug expression and format spec are in a nested expression
+
+f"""{1=: "this" is fine}"""
+f"""{1=: "this" is fine}"""  # Change quotes to double quotes because they're preferred
+f'{1=: {'ab"cd"'}}'  # It's okay if the quotes are in an expression part.
 ```
 
 
@@ -64,7 +121,7 @@ f'{f"""other " """}'
 ```diff
 --- Stable
 +++ Preview
-@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
+@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@
  f"{'a'}"
  
  # 312+, it's okay to change the outer quotes even when there's a debug expression using the same quotes
@@ -82,4 +139,36 @@ f'{f"""other " """}'
 +f"{'''other " ''' + 'more'}"
 +f"{b'''other " '''}"
 +f"{f'''other " '''}"
+ 
+ 
+ # Regression tests for https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/13935
+ f'{1: hy "user"}'
+ f'{1:hy "user"}'
+ f'{1: abcd "{1}" }'
+-f'{1: abcd "{'aa'}" }'
++f'{1: abcd "{"aa"}" }'
+ f'{1=: "abcd {'aa'}}'
+-f'{x:a{z:hy "user"}} \'\'\''
++f"{x:a{z:hy \"user\"}} '''"
+ 
+ # Changing the outer quotes is fine because the format-spec is in a nested expression.
+-f'{f'{z=:hy "user"}'} \'\'\''
++f"{f'{z=:hy "user"}'} '''"
+ 
+ 
+ #  We have to be careful about changing the quotes if the f-string has a debug expression because it is inserted verbatim.
+ f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}'  # Don't change the outer quotes, or it results in a syntax error
+-f'{1=: abcd \'\'}'  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes aren't the opposite quotes
+-f'{1=: abcd \"\"}'  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes are escaped
++f"{1=: abcd \'\'}"  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes aren't the opposite quotes
++f"{1=: abcd \"\"}"  # Changing the quotes here is fine because the inner quotes are escaped
+ # Don't change the quotes in the following cases:
+ f'{x=:hy "user"} \'\'\''
+ f'{x=:a{y:hy "user"}} \'\'\''
+@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@
+ 
+ f"""{1=: "this" is fine}"""
+ f"""{1=: "this" is fine}"""  # Change quotes to double quotes because they're preferred
+-f'{1=: {'ab"cd"'}}'  # It's okay if the quotes are in an expression part.
++f"{1=: {'ab"cd"'}}"  # It's okay if the quotes are in an expression part.
 ```

crates/ruff_python_formatter/tests/snapshots/format@expression__join_implicit_concatenated_string.py.snap

@@ -326,6 +326,13 @@ assert False, "Implicit concatenated stringuses {} layout on {} format"[
 assert False, +"Implicit concatenated string" "uses {} layout on {} format".format(
     "Multiline", "first"
 )
+
+
+# Regression tests for https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/13935
+
+"a" f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}'
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}' "a"
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}' f"{1=: 'abcd \"\"}"
 ```
 
 ## Outputs
@@ -733,4 +740,11 @@ assert False, "Implicit concatenated stringuses {} layout on {} format"[
 assert False, +"Implicit concatenated stringuses {} layout on {} format".format(
     "Multiline", "first"
 )
+
+
+# Regression tests for https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/13935
+
+f'a{1=: "abcd \'\'}'
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}a'
+f'{1=: "abcd \'\'}' f"{1=: 'abcd \"\"}"
 ```