Fix remaining CPython formatter errors except for function argument separator comments (#5210)

## Summary

This fixes two problems discovered when trying to format the cpython
repo with `cargo run --bin ruff_dev -- check-formatter-stability
projects/cpython`:

The first is to ignore try/except trailing comments for now since they
lead to unstable formatting on the dummy.

The second is to avoid dropping trailing if comments through placement:
This changes the placement to keep a comment trailing an if-elif or
if-elif-else to keep the comment a trailing comment on the entire if.
Previously the last comment would have been lost.
```python
if "first if":
    pass
elif "first elif":
    pass
```

The last remaining problem in cpython so far is function signature
argument separator comment placement which is its own PR on top of this.

## Test Plan

I added test fixtures of minimized examples with links back to the
original cpython location

crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/statement/stmt_try.rs

@@ -9,4 +9,9 @@ impl FormatNodeRule<StmtTry> for FormatStmtTry {
     fn fmt_fields(&self, item: &StmtTry, f: &mut PyFormatter) -> FormatResult<()> {
         write!(f, [not_yet_implemented(item)])
     }
+
+    fn fmt_dangling_comments(&self, _node: &StmtTry, _f: &mut PyFormatter) -> FormatResult<()> {
+        // TODO(konstin): Needs node formatting or this leads to unstable formatting
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }