[ruff] Avoid false positives for RUF027 for typing context bindings. (#15037)

Closes #14000 

## Summary

For typing context bindings we know that they won't be available at
runtime. We shouldn't recommend a fix, that will result in name errors
at runtime.

## Test Plan

`cargo nextest run`

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/RUF027_1.py

@@ -68,3 +68,9 @@ def negative_cases():
     @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
     async def read_item(item_id):
         return {"item_id": item_id}
+
+    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from datetime import date
+
+    t = "foo/{date}"

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/ruff/rules/missing_fstring_syntax.rs

@@ -209,7 +209,14 @@ fn should_be_fstring(
                     return false;
                 }
                 if semantic
-                    .lookup_symbol(id)
+                    // the parsed expression nodes have incorrect ranges
+                    // so we need to use the range of the literal for the
+                    // lookup in order to get reasonable results.
+                    .simulate_runtime_load_at_location_in_scope(
+                        id,
+                        literal.range(),
+                        semantic.scope_id,
+                    )
                     .map_or(true, |id| semantic.binding(id).kind.is_builtin())
                 {
                     return false;

crates/ruff_python_semantic/src/model.rs

@@ -711,12 +711,43 @@ impl<'a> SemanticModel<'a> {
     /// References from within an [`ast::Comprehension`] can produce incorrect
     /// results when referring to a [`BindingKind::NamedExprAssignment`].
     pub fn simulate_runtime_load(&self, name: &ast::ExprName) -> Option<BindingId> {
-        let symbol = name.id.as_str();
-        let range = name.range;
+        self.simulate_runtime_load_at_location_in_scope(name.id.as_str(), name.range, self.scope_id)
+    }
+
+    /// Simulates a runtime load of the given symbol.
+    ///
+    /// This should not be run until after all the bindings have been visited.
+    ///
+    /// The main purpose of this method and what makes this different from
+    /// [`SemanticModel::lookup_symbol_in_scope`] is that it may be used to
+    /// perform speculative name lookups.
+    ///
+    /// In most cases a load can be accurately modeled simply by calling
+    /// [`SemanticModel::lookup_symbol`] at the right time during semantic
+    /// analysis, however for speculative lookups this is not the case,
+    /// since we're aiming to change the semantic meaning of our load.
+    /// E.g. we want to check what would happen if we changed a forward
+    /// reference to an immediate load or vice versa.
+    ///
+    /// Use caution when utilizing this method, since it was primarily designed
+    /// to work for speculative lookups from within type definitions, which
+    /// happen to share some nice properties, where attaching each binding
+    /// to a range in the source code and ordering those bindings based on
+    /// that range is a good enough approximation of which bindings are
+    /// available at runtime for which reference.
+    ///
+    /// References from within an [`ast::Comprehension`] can produce incorrect
+    /// results when referring to a [`BindingKind::NamedExprAssignment`].
+    pub fn simulate_runtime_load_at_location_in_scope(
+        &self,
+        symbol: &str,
+        symbol_range: TextRange,
+        scope_id: ScopeId,
+    ) -> Option<BindingId> {
         let mut seen_function = false;
         let mut class_variables_visible = true;
         let mut source_order_sensitive_lookup = true;
-        for (index, scope_id) in self.scopes.ancestor_ids(self.scope_id).enumerate() {
+        for (index, scope_id) in self.scopes.ancestor_ids(scope_id).enumerate() {
             let scope = &self.scopes[scope_id];
 
             // Only once we leave a function scope and its enclosing type scope should
@@ -776,7 +807,7 @@ impl<'a> SemanticModel<'a> {
                             _ => binding.range,
                         };
 
-                        if binding_range.ordering(range).is_lt() {
+                        if binding_range.ordering(symbol_range).is_lt() {
                             return Some(shadowed_id);
                         }
                     }