[ty] Support using legacy typing aliases for generic classes in type annotations (#18404)

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <alex.waygood@gmail.com>

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/annotations/stdlib_typing_aliases.md

@@ -31,41 +31,81 @@ def f(
     ordered_dict_parametrized: typing.OrderedDict[int, str],
 ):
     reveal_type(list_bare)  # revealed: list[Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: list[int]
-    reveal_type(list_parametrized)  # revealed: list[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(list_parametrized)  # revealed: list[int]
 
     reveal_type(dict_bare)  # revealed: dict[Unknown, Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: dict[int, str]
-    reveal_type(dict_parametrized)  # revealed: dict[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(dict_parametrized)  # revealed: dict[int, str]
 
     reveal_type(set_bare)  # revealed: set[Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: set[int]
-    reveal_type(set_parametrized)  # revealed: set[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(set_parametrized)  # revealed: set[int]
 
-    # TODO: revealed: frozenset[Unknown]
     reveal_type(frozen_set_bare)  # revealed: frozenset[Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: frozenset[str]
-    reveal_type(frozen_set_parametrized)  # revealed: frozenset[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(frozen_set_parametrized)  # revealed: frozenset[str]
 
     reveal_type(chain_map_bare)  # revealed: ChainMap[Unknown, Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: ChainMap[str, int]
-    reveal_type(chain_map_parametrized)  # revealed: ChainMap[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(chain_map_parametrized)  # revealed: ChainMap[str, int]
 
     reveal_type(counter_bare)  # revealed: Counter[Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: Counter[int]
-    reveal_type(counter_parametrized)  # revealed: Counter[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(counter_parametrized)  # revealed: Counter[int]
 
     reveal_type(default_dict_bare)  # revealed: defaultdict[Unknown, Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: defaultdict[str, int]
-    reveal_type(default_dict_parametrized)  # revealed: defaultdict[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(default_dict_parametrized)  # revealed: defaultdict[str, int]
 
     reveal_type(deque_bare)  # revealed: deque[Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: deque[str]
-    reveal_type(deque_parametrized)  # revealed: deque[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(deque_parametrized)  # revealed: deque[str]
 
     reveal_type(ordered_dict_bare)  # revealed: OrderedDict[Unknown, Unknown]
-    # TODO: revealed: OrderedDict[int, str]
-    reveal_type(ordered_dict_parametrized)  # revealed: OrderedDict[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(ordered_dict_parametrized)  # revealed: OrderedDict[int, str]
+```
+
+## Incorrect number of type arguments
+
+In case the incorrect number of type arguments is passed, a diagnostic is given.
+
+```py
+import typing
+
+def f(
+    # error: [invalid-type-form] "Legacy alias `typing.List` expected exactly 1 argument, got 2"
+    incorrect_list: typing.List[int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form] "Legacy alias `typing.Dict` expected exactly 2 arguments, got 3"
+    incorrect_dict: typing.Dict[int, int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form] "Legacy alias `typing.Dict` expected exactly 2 arguments, got 1"
+    incorrect_dict2: typing.Dict[int],  # type argument is not a tuple here
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_set: typing.Set[int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_frozen_set: typing.FrozenSet[int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_chain_map: typing.ChainMap[int, int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_chain_map2: typing.ChainMap[int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_counter: typing.Counter[int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_default_dict: typing.DefaultDict[int, int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_default_dict2: typing.DefaultDict[int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_deque: typing.Deque[int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_ordered_dict: typing.OrderedDict[int, int, int],
+    # error: [invalid-type-form]
+    incorrect_ordered_dict2: typing.OrderedDict[int],
+):
+    reveal_type(incorrect_list)  # revealed: list[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_dict)  # revealed: dict[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_dict2)  # revealed: dict[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_set)  # revealed: set[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_frozen_set)  # revealed: frozenset[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_chain_map)  # revealed: ChainMap[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_chain_map2)  # revealed: ChainMap[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_counter)  # revealed: Counter[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_default_dict)  # revealed: defaultdict[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_default_dict2)  # revealed: defaultdict[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_deque)  # revealed: deque[Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_ordered_dict)  # revealed: OrderedDict[Unknown, Unknown]
+    reveal_type(incorrect_ordered_dict2)  # revealed: OrderedDict[Unknown, Unknown]
 ```
 
 ## Inheritance

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/generics/builtins.md

@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@ class dict[K, V, Extra]: ...
 def reveal_type(obj, /): ...
 ```
 
-If we don't, then we won't be able to infer the types of variadic keyword arguments correctly.
+If we don't, then we may get "surprising" results when inferring the types of variadic keyword
+arguments.
 
 ```py
 def f(**kwargs):
-    reveal_type(kwargs)  # revealed: Unknown
+    reveal_type(kwargs)  # revealed: dict[Unknown, Unknown, Unknown]
 
 def g(**kwargs: int):
-    reveal_type(kwargs)  # revealed: Unknown
+    reveal_type(kwargs)  # revealed: dict[Unknown, Unknown, Unknown]
 ```

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/class.rs

@@ -2426,7 +2426,7 @@ impl<'db> KnownClass {
             return Type::unknown();
         };
         let Some(generic_context) = class_literal.generic_context(db) else {
-            return Type::unknown();
+            return Type::instance(db, ClassType::NonGeneric(class_literal));
         };
 
         let types = specialization.into_iter().collect::<Box<[_]>>();
@@ -2437,11 +2437,11 @@ impl<'db> KnownClass {
             if MESSAGES.lock().unwrap().insert(self) {
                 tracing::info!(
                     "Wrong number of types when specializing {}. \
-                     Falling back to `Unknown` for the symbol instead.",
+                     Falling back to default specialization for the symbol instead.",
                     self.display(db)
                 );
             }
-            return Type::unknown();
+            return Type::instance(db, class_literal.default_specialization(db));
         }
 
         let specialization = generic_context.specialize(db, types);

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/infer.rs

@@ -7975,7 +7975,7 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db> {
 
                 match value_ty {
                     Type::SpecialForm(SpecialFormType::Annotated) => {
-                        // This branch is similar to the corresponding branch in `infer_parameterized_known_instance_type_expression`, but
+                        // This branch is similar to the corresponding branch in `infer_parameterized_special_form_type_expression`, but
                         // `Annotated[…]` can appear both in annotation expressions and in type expressions, and needs to be handled slightly
                         // differently in each case (calling either `infer_type_expression_*` or `infer_annotation_expression_*`).
                         if let ast::Expr::Tuple(ast::ExprTuple {
@@ -8701,6 +8701,43 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db> {
         }
     }
 
+    fn infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+        &mut self,
+        subscript_node: &ast::ExprSubscript,
+        expected_arg_count: usize,
+        alias: SpecialFormType,
+        class: KnownClass,
+    ) -> Type<'db> {
+        let arguments = &*subscript_node.slice;
+        let (args, args_number) = if let ast::Expr::Tuple(t) = arguments {
+            (Either::Left(t), t.len())
+        } else {
+            (Either::Right([arguments]), 1)
+        };
+        if args_number != expected_arg_count {
+            if let Some(builder) = self.context.report_lint(&INVALID_TYPE_FORM, subscript_node) {
+                let noun = if expected_arg_count == 1 {
+                    "argument"
+                } else {
+                    "arguments"
+                };
+                builder.into_diagnostic(format_args!(
+                    "Legacy alias `{alias}` expected exactly {expected_arg_count} {noun}, \
+                    got {args_number}",
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        let ty = class.to_specialized_instance(
+            self.db(),
+            args.into_iter()
+                .map(|node| self.infer_type_expression(node)),
+        );
+        if arguments.is_tuple_expr() {
+            self.store_expression_type(arguments, ty);
+        }
+        ty
+    }
+
     fn infer_parameterized_special_form_type_expression(
         &mut self,
         subscript: &ast::ExprSubscript,
@@ -8916,43 +8953,60 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db> {
                 }
             },
 
-            // TODO: Generics
-            SpecialFormType::ChainMap => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::ChainMap.to_instance(db)
-            }
-            SpecialFormType::OrderedDict => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::OrderedDict.to_instance(db)
-            }
-            SpecialFormType::Dict => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::Dict.to_instance(db)
-            }
-            SpecialFormType::List => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::List.to_instance(db)
-            }
-            SpecialFormType::DefaultDict => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::DefaultDict.to_instance(db)
-            }
-            SpecialFormType::Counter => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::Counter.to_instance(db)
-            }
-            SpecialFormType::Set => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::Set.to_instance(db)
-            }
-            SpecialFormType::FrozenSet => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::FrozenSet.to_instance(db)
-            }
-            SpecialFormType::Deque => {
-                self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);
-                KnownClass::Deque.to_instance(db)
-            }
+            SpecialFormType::ChainMap => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                2,
+                SpecialFormType::ChainMap,
+                KnownClass::ChainMap,
+            ),
+            SpecialFormType::OrderedDict => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                2,
+                SpecialFormType::OrderedDict,
+                KnownClass::OrderedDict,
+            ),
+            SpecialFormType::Dict => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                2,
+                SpecialFormType::Dict,
+                KnownClass::Dict,
+            ),
+            SpecialFormType::List => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                1,
+                SpecialFormType::List,
+                KnownClass::List,
+            ),
+            SpecialFormType::DefaultDict => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                2,
+                SpecialFormType::DefaultDict,
+                KnownClass::DefaultDict,
+            ),
+            SpecialFormType::Counter => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                1,
+                SpecialFormType::Counter,
+                KnownClass::Counter,
+            ),
+            SpecialFormType::Set => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                1,
+                SpecialFormType::Set,
+                KnownClass::Set,
+            ),
+            SpecialFormType::FrozenSet => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                1,
+                SpecialFormType::FrozenSet,
+                KnownClass::FrozenSet,
+            ),
+            SpecialFormType::Deque => self.infer_parameterized_legacy_typing_alias(
+                subscript,
+                1,
+                SpecialFormType::Deque,
+                KnownClass::Deque,
+            ),
 
             SpecialFormType::ReadOnly => {
                 self.infer_type_expression(arguments_slice);