[ty] Synthesize read-only properties for all declared members on NamedTuple classes (#19899)

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/named_tuple.md

@@ -74,8 +74,16 @@ Person(3, "Eve", 99, "extra")
 # error: [invalid-argument-type]
 Person(id="3", name="Eve")
 
-# TODO: over-writing NamedTuple fields should be an error
+reveal_type(Person.id)  # revealed: property
+reveal_type(Person.name)  # revealed: property
+reveal_type(Person.age)  # revealed: property
+
+# TODO... the error is correct, but this is not the friendliest error message
+# for assigning to a read-only property :-)
+#
+# error: [invalid-assignment] "Invalid assignment to data descriptor attribute `id` on type `Person` with custom `__set__` method"
 alice.id = 42
+# error: [invalid-assignment]
 bob.age = None
 ```
 
@@ -151,9 +159,42 @@ from typing import NamedTuple
 class User(NamedTuple):
     id: int
     name: str
+    age: int | None
+    nickname: str
 
 class SuperUser(User):
-    id: int  # this should be an error
+    # TODO: this should be an error because it implies that the `id` attribute on
+    # `SuperUser` is mutable, but the read-only `id` property from the superclass
+    # has not been overridden in the class body
+    id: int
+
+    # this is fine; overriding a read-only attribute with a mutable one
+    # does not conflict with the Liskov Substitution Principle
+    name: str = "foo"
+
+    # this is also fine
+    @property
+    def age(self) -> int:
+        return super().age or 42
+
+    def now_called_robert(self):
+        self.name = "Robert"  # fine because overridden with a mutable attribute
+
+        # TODO: this should cause us to emit an error as we're assigning to a read-only property
+        # inherited from the `NamedTuple` superclass (requires https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/159)
+        self.nickname = "Bob"
+
+james = SuperUser(0, "James", 42, "Jimmy")
+
+# fine because the property on the superclass was overridden with a mutable attribute
+# on the subclass
+james.name = "Robert"
+
+# TODO: the error is correct (can't assign to the read-only property inherited from the superclass)
+# but the error message could be friendlier :-)
+#
+# error: [invalid-assignment] "Invalid assignment to data descriptor attribute `nickname` on type `SuperUser` with custom `__set__` method"
+james.nickname = "Bob"
 ```
 
 ### Generic named tuples
@@ -164,13 +205,29 @@ python-version = "3.12"
 ```
 
 ```py
-from typing import NamedTuple
+from typing import NamedTuple, Generic, TypeVar
 
 class Property[T](NamedTuple):
     name: str
     value: T
 
 reveal_type(Property("height", 3.4))  # revealed: Property[float]
+reveal_type(Property.value)  # revealed: property
+reveal_type(Property.value.fget)  # revealed: (self, /) -> Unknown
+reveal_type(Property[str].value.fget)  # revealed: (self, /) -> str
+reveal_type(Property("height", 3.4).value)  # revealed: float
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+class LegacyProperty(NamedTuple, Generic[T]):
+    name: str
+    value: T
+
+reveal_type(LegacyProperty("height", 42))  # revealed: LegacyProperty[int]
+reveal_type(LegacyProperty.value)  # revealed: property
+reveal_type(LegacyProperty.value.fget)  # revealed: (self, /) -> Unknown
+reveal_type(LegacyProperty[str].value.fget)  # revealed: (self, /) -> str
+reveal_type(LegacyProperty("height", 3.4).value)  # revealed: float
 ```
 
 ## Attributes on `NamedTuple`

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/class.rs

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ use crate::types::tuple::{TupleSpec, TupleType};
 use crate::types::{
     ApplyTypeMappingVisitor, BareTypeAliasType, Binding, BoundSuperError, BoundSuperType,
     CallableType, DataclassParams, DeprecatedInstance, HasRelationToVisitor, KnownInstanceType,
-    NormalizedVisitor, StringLiteralType, TypeAliasType, TypeMapping, TypeRelation,
+    NormalizedVisitor, PropertyInstanceType, StringLiteralType, TypeAliasType, TypeMapping,
-    TypeVarBoundOrConstraints, TypeVarInstance, TypeVarKind, declaration_type,
+    TypeRelation, TypeVarBoundOrConstraints, TypeVarInstance, TypeVarKind, declaration_type,
     infer_definition_types, todo_type,
 };
 use crate::{
@@ -1862,6 +1862,18 @@ impl<'db> ClassLiteral<'db> {
             .with_qualifiers(TypeQualifiers::CLASS_VAR);
         }
 
+        if CodeGeneratorKind::NamedTuple.matches(db, self) {
+            if let Some(field) = self.own_fields(db, specialization).get(name) {
+                let property_getter_signature = Signature::new(
+                    Parameters::new([Parameter::positional_only(Some(Name::new_static("self")))]),
+                    Some(field.declared_ty),
+                );
+                let property_getter = CallableType::single(db, property_getter_signature);
+                let property = PropertyInstanceType::new(db, Some(property_getter), None);
+                return Place::bound(Type::PropertyInstance(property)).into();
+            }
+        }
+
         let body_scope = self.body_scope(db);
         let symbol = class_symbol(db, body_scope, name).map_type(|ty| {
             // The `__new__` and `__init__` members of a non-specialized generic class are handled