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Dhruv Manilawala 6c1fa1d440
Use speculative parsing for with-items (#11770) 
## Summary

This PR updates the with-items parsing logic to use speculative parsing
instead.

### Existing logic

First, let's understand the previous logic:
1. The parser sees `(`, it doesn't know whether it's part of a
parenthesized with items or a parenthesized expression
2. Consider it a parenthesized with items and perform a hand-rolled
speculative parsing
3. Then, verify the assumption and if it's incorrect convert the parsed
with items into an appropriate expression which becomes part of the
first with item

Here, in (3) there are lots of edge cases which we've to deal with:
1. Trailing comma with a single element should be [converted to the
expression as
is](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2140-L2153))
2. Trailing comma with multiple elements should be [converted to a tuple
expression](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2155-L2178))
3. Limit the allowed expression based on whether it's
[(1)](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2144-L2152))
or
[(2)](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2157-L2171))
4. [Consider postfix
expressions](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2181-L2200))
after (3)
5. [Consider `if`
expressions](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2203-L2208))
after (3)
6. [Consider binary
expressions](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2210-L2228))
after (3)

Consider other cases like
* [Single generator
expression](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2020-L2035))
* [Expecting a
comma](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2122-L2130))

And, this is all possible only if we allow parsing these expressions in
the [with item parsing
logic](9b2cf569b2/crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs (L2287-L2334)).

### Speculative parsing

With #11457 merged, we can simplify this logic by changing the step (3)
from above to just rewind the parser back to the `(` if our assumption
(parenthesized with-items) was incorrect and then continue parsing it
considering parenthesized expression.

This also behaves a lot similar to what a PEG parser does which is to
consider the first grammar rule and if it fails consider the second
grammar rule and so on.

resolves: #11639 

## Test Plan

- [x] Verify the updated snapshots
- [x] Run the fuzzer on around 3000 valid source code (locally)
2024-06-06 08:59:56 +00:00
..
resources Use speculative parsing for with-items (#11770) 2024-06-06 08:59:56 +00:00
src Use speculative parsing for with-items (#11770) 2024-06-06 08:59:56 +00:00
tests Use speculative parsing for with-items (#11770) 2024-06-06 08:59:56 +00:00
Cargo.toml Remove less used parser dependencies (#11718) 2024-06-03 13:08:24 +00:00
CONTRIBUTING.md Add basic docs for the parser crate (#11199) 2024-04-29 17:08:07 +00:00
README.md Add basic docs for the parser crate (#11199) 2024-04-29 17:08:07 +00:00

README.md

Ruff Python Parser

Ruff's Python parser is a hand-written recursive descent parser which can parse Python source code into an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST). It also utilizes the Pratt parsing technique to parse expressions with different precedence.

Try out the parser in the playground.

Python version support

The parser supports the latest Python syntax, which is currently Python 3.12. It does not throw syntax errors if it encounters a syntax feature that is not supported by the target-version. This will be fixed in a future release (see https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/6591).

Contributing

Refer to the contributing guidelines to get started and GitHub issues with the parser label for issues that need help.