Update the interface for declaring Python download preferences (#5936)

The loose consensus is that "fetch" doesn't have much meaning and that a
boolean flag makes more sense from the command line.

1. Adds `--allow-python-downloads` (hidden, default) and
`--no-python-downloads` to the CLI to quickly enable or disable
downloads
2. Deprecates `--python-fetch` in favor of the options from (1)
3. Removes  `python-fetch` in favor of a `python-downloads` setting
5. Adds a `never` variant to the enum, allowing even explicit installs
to be disabled via the configuration file

## Test plan

I tested this with various `pyproject.toml`-level settings and `uv venv
--preview --python 3.12.2` and `uv python install 3.12.2` with and
without the new CLI flags.

crates/uv-python/src/discovery.rs

@@ -79,12 +79,25 @@ pub enum PythonPreference {
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields, rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "clap", derive(clap::ValueEnum))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
-pub enum PythonFetch {
-    /// Automatically fetch managed Python installations when needed.
+pub enum PythonDownloads {
+    /// Automatically download managed Python installations when needed.
     #[default]
+    #[serde(alias = "auto")]
     Automatic,
-    /// Do not automatically fetch managed Python installations; require explicit installation.
+    /// Do not automatically download managed Python installations; require explicit installation.
     Manual,
+    /// Do not ever allow Python downloads.
+    Never,
+}
+
+impl From<bool> for PythonDownloads {
+    fn from(value: bool) -> Self {
+        if value {
+            PythonDownloads::Automatic
+        } else {
+            PythonDownloads::Never
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
@@ -1298,7 +1311,7 @@ impl PythonPreference {
     }
 }
 
-impl PythonFetch {
+impl PythonDownloads {
     pub fn is_automatic(self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, Self::Automatic)
     }

crates/uv-python/src/installation.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use crate::implementation::LenientImplementationName;
 use crate::managed::{ManagedPythonInstallation, ManagedPythonInstallations};
 use crate::platform::{Arch, Libc, Os};
 use crate::{
-    downloads, Error, Interpreter, PythonFetch, PythonPreference, PythonSource, PythonVersion,
+    downloads, Error, Interpreter, PythonDownloads, PythonPreference, PythonSource, PythonVersion,
 };
 
 /// A Python interpreter and accompanying tools.
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ impl PythonInstallation {
     /// Find or fetch a [`PythonInstallation`].
     ///
     /// Unlike [`PythonInstallation::find`], if the required Python is not installed it will be installed automatically.
-    pub async fn find_or_fetch<'a>(
+    pub async fn find_or_download<'a>(
         request: Option<PythonRequest>,
         environments: EnvironmentPreference,
         preference: PythonPreference,
-        python_fetch: PythonFetch,
+        python_downloads: PythonDownloads,
         client_builder: &BaseClientBuilder<'a>,
         cache: &Cache,
         reporter: Option<&dyn Reporter>,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl PythonInstallation {
             // If missing and allowed, perform a fetch
             Err(Error::MissingPython(err))
                 if preference.allows_managed()
-                    && python_fetch.is_automatic()
+                    && python_downloads.is_automatic()
                     && client_builder.connectivity.is_online() =>
             {
                 if let Some(request) = PythonDownloadRequest::from_request(&request) {

crates/uv-python/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 use thiserror::Error;
 
 pub use crate::discovery::{
-    find_python_installations, EnvironmentPreference, Error as DiscoveryError, PythonFetch,
+    find_python_installations, EnvironmentPreference, Error as DiscoveryError, PythonDownloads,
     PythonNotFound, PythonPreference, PythonRequest, PythonSource, VersionRequest,
 };
 pub use crate::environment::PythonEnvironment;