Separate cache construction from initialization (#3607)

## Summary

Ensures that we only initialize the cache for commands that require it.

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/3539.

crates/bench/benches/uv.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fn resolve_warm_jupyter(c: &mut Criterion<WallTime>) {
         .build()
         .unwrap();
 
-    let cache = &Cache::from_path(".cache").unwrap();
+    let cache = &Cache::from_path(".cache").unwrap().init().unwrap();
     let manifest = &Manifest::simple(vec![Requirement::from_pep508(
         pep508_rs::Requirement::from_str("jupyter").unwrap(),
     )

crates/uv-cache/src/cli.rs

@@ -51,13 +51,6 @@ impl Cache {
 impl TryFrom<CacheArgs> for Cache {
     type Error = io::Error;
 
-    /// Prefer, in order:
-    /// 1. A temporary cache directory, if the user requested `--no-cache`.
-    /// 2. The specific cache directory specified by the user via `--cache-dir` or `UV_CACHE_DIR`.
-    /// 3. The system-appropriate cache directory.
-    /// 4. A `.uv_cache` directory in the current working directory.
-    ///
-    /// Returns an absolute cache dir.
     fn try_from(value: CacheArgs) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         Cache::from_settings(value.no_cache, value.cache_dir)
     }

crates/uv-cache/src/lib.rs

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl Cache {
     /// A persistent cache directory at `root`.
     pub fn from_path(root: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Result<Self, io::Error> {
         Ok(Self {
-            root: Self::init(root)?,
+            root: root.into(),
             refresh: Refresh::None,
             _temp_dir_drop: None,
         })
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ impl Cache {
     pub fn temp() -> Result<Self, io::Error> {
         let temp_dir = tempdir()?;
         Ok(Self {
-            root: Self::init(temp_dir.path())?,
+            root: temp_dir.path().to_path_buf(),
             refresh: Refresh::None,
             _temp_dir_drop: Some(Arc::new(temp_dir)),
         })
@@ -243,15 +243,15 @@ impl Cache {
         Ok(id)
     }
 
-    /// Initialize a directory for use as a cache.
+    /// Initialize the cache.
-    fn init(root: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Result<PathBuf, io::Error> {
+    pub fn init(self) -> Result<Self, io::Error> {
-        let root = root.into();
+        let root = &self.root;
 
         // Create the cache directory, if it doesn't exist.
-        fs::create_dir_all(&root)?;
+        fs::create_dir_all(root)?;
 
         // Add the CACHEDIR.TAG.
-        cachedir::ensure_tag(&root)?;
+        cachedir::ensure_tag(root)?;
 
         // Add the .gitignore.
         match fs::OpenOptions::new()
@@ -289,7 +289,10 @@ impl Cache {
             .write(true)
             .open(root.join(CacheBucket::BuiltWheels.to_str()).join(".git"))?;
 
-        fs::canonicalize(root)
+        Ok(Self {
+            root: fs::canonicalize(root)?,
+            ..self
+        })
     }
 
     /// Clear the cache, removing all entries.

crates/uv-client/tests/remote_metadata.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use uv_client::RegistryClientBuilder;
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn remote_metadata_with_and_without_cache() -> Result<()> {
-    let cache = Cache::temp()?;
+    let cache = Cache::temp()?.init()?;
     let client = RegistryClientBuilder::new(cache).build();
 
     // The first run is without cache (the tempdir is empty), the second has the cache from the

crates/uv-client/tests/user_agent_version.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async fn test_user_agent_has_version() -> Result<()> {
     });
 
     // Initialize uv-client
-    let cache = Cache::temp()?;
+    let cache = Cache::temp()?.init()?;
     let client = RegistryClientBuilder::new(cache).build();
 
     // Send request to our dummy server
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ async fn test_user_agent_has_linehaul() -> Result<()> {
     .unwrap();
 
     // Initialize uv-client
-    let cache = Cache::temp()?;
+    let cache = Cache::temp()?.init()?;
     let mut builder = RegistryClientBuilder::new(cache).markers(&markers);
 
     let linux = Platform::new(

crates/uv-dev/src/build.rs

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn build(args: BuildArgs) -> Result<PathBuf> {
         BuildKind::Wheel
     };
 
-    let cache = Cache::try_from(args.cache_args)?;
+    let cache = Cache::try_from(args.cache_args)?.init()?;
 
     let venv = PythonEnvironment::from_virtualenv(&cache)?;
     let client = RegistryClientBuilder::new(cache.clone()).build();

crates/uv-dev/src/compile.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CompileArgs {
 }
 
 pub(crate) async fn compile(args: CompileArgs) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let cache = Cache::try_from(args.cache_args)?;
+    let cache = Cache::try_from(args.cache_args)?.init()?;
 
     let interpreter = if let Some(python) = args.python {
         python

crates/uv-dev/src/wheel_metadata.rs

@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@ pub(crate) struct WheelMetadataArgs {
 }
 
 pub(crate) async fn wheel_metadata(args: WheelMetadataArgs) -> Result<()> {
-    let cache_dir = Cache::try_from(args.cache_args)?;
+    let cache = Cache::try_from(args.cache_args)?.init()?;
-
+    let client = RegistryClientBuilder::new(cache).build();
-    let client = RegistryClientBuilder::new(cache_dir.clone()).build();
 
     let filename = WheelFilename::from_str(
         args.url

crates/uv-interpreter/src/find_python.rs

@@ -727,12 +727,12 @@ mod windows {
         #[test]
         #[cfg_attr(not(windows), ignore)]
         fn no_such_python_path() {
-            let result =
+            let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap().init().unwrap();
-                find_requested_python(r"C:\does\not\exists\python3.12", &Cache::temp().unwrap())
+            let result = find_requested_python(r"C:\does\not\exists\python3.12", &cache)
-                    .unwrap()
+                .unwrap()
-                    .ok_or(Error::RequestedPythonNotFound(
+                .ok_or(Error::RequestedPythonNotFound(
-                        r"C:\does\not\exists\python3.12".to_string(),
+                    r"C:\does\not\exists\python3.12".to_string(),
-                    ));
+                ));
             assert_snapshot!(
                 format_err(result),
                 @"Failed to locate Python interpreter at: `C:\\does\\not\\exists\\python3.12`"
@@ -760,8 +760,9 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     #[cfg_attr(not(unix), ignore)]
     fn no_such_python_version() {
+        let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap().init().unwrap();
         let request = "3.1000";
-        let result = find_requested_python(request, &Cache::temp().unwrap())
+        let result = find_requested_python(request, &cache)
             .unwrap()
             .ok_or(Error::NoSuchPython(request.to_string()));
         assert_snapshot!(
@@ -773,8 +774,9 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     #[cfg_attr(not(unix), ignore)]
     fn no_such_python_binary() {
+        let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap().init().unwrap();
         let request = "python3.1000";
-        let result = find_requested_python(request, &Cache::temp().unwrap())
+        let result = find_requested_python(request, &cache)
             .unwrap()
             .ok_or(Error::NoSuchPython(request.to_string()));
         assert_snapshot!(
@@ -786,7 +788,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     #[cfg_attr(not(unix), ignore)]
     fn no_such_python_path() {
-        let result = find_requested_python("/does/not/exists/python3.12", &Cache::temp().unwrap())
+        let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap().init().unwrap();
+        let result = find_requested_python("/does/not/exists/python3.12", &cache)
             .unwrap()
             .ok_or(Error::RequestedPythonNotFound(
                 "/does/not/exists/python3.12".to_string(),

crates/uv-interpreter/src/interpreter.rs

@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ mod tests {
             }
         "##};
 
-        let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap();
+        let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap().init().unwrap();
 
         fs::write(
             &mocked_interpreter,

crates/uv-interpreter/src/py_launcher.rs

@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     #[cfg_attr(not(windows), ignore)]
     fn no_such_python_path() {
-        let result =
+        let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap().init().unwrap();
-            find_requested_python(r"C:\does\not\exists\python3.12", &Cache::temp().unwrap())
+        let result = find_requested_python(r"C:\does\not\exists\python3.12", &cache)
-                .unwrap()
+            .unwrap()
-                .ok_or(Error::RequestedPythonNotFound(
+            .ok_or(Error::RequestedPythonNotFound(
-                    r"C:\does\not\exists\python3.12".to_string(),
+                r"C:\does\not\exists\python3.12".to_string(),
-                ));
+            ));
         assert_snapshot!(
             format_err(result),
             @"Failed to locate Python interpreter at: `C:\\does\\not\\exists\\python3.12`"

crates/uv-resolver/tests/resolver.rs

@@ -123,15 +123,15 @@ async fn resolve(
     markers: &'static MarkerEnvironment,
     tags: &Tags,
 ) -> Result<ResolutionGraph> {
-    let client = RegistryClientBuilder::new(Cache::temp()?).build();
+    let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap().init().unwrap();
+    let real_interpreter = find_default_python(&cache).expect("Expected a python to be installed");
+    let client = RegistryClientBuilder::new(cache).build();
     let flat_index = FlatIndex::default();
     let index = InMemoryIndex::default();
-    // TODO(konstin): Should we also use the bootstrapped pythons here?
-    let real_interpreter =
-        find_default_python(&Cache::temp().unwrap()).expect("Expected a python to be installed");
     let interpreter = Interpreter::artificial(real_interpreter.platform().clone(), markers.clone());
     let python_requirement = PythonRequirement::from_marker_environment(&interpreter, markers);
-    let build_context = DummyContext::new(Cache::temp()?, interpreter.clone());
+    let cache = Cache::temp().unwrap().init().unwrap();
+    let build_context = DummyContext::new(cache, interpreter.clone());
     let hashes = HashStrategy::None;
     let installed_packages = EmptyInstalledPackages;
     let concurrency = Concurrency::default();

crates/uv/src/main.rs

@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = PipCompileSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
-            let cache = cache.with_refresh(args.refresh);
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(args.refresh);
             let requirements = args
                 .src_file
                 .into_iter()
@@ -247,7 +248,8 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = PipSyncSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
-            let cache = cache.with_refresh(args.refresh);
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(args.refresh);
             let sources = args
                 .src_file
                 .into_iter()
@@ -288,10 +290,12 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             command: PipCommand::Install(args),
         }) => {
             args.compat_args.validate()?;
+
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = PipInstallSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
-            let cache = cache.with_refresh(args.refresh);
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(args.refresh);
             let requirements = args
                 .package
                 .into_iter()
@@ -360,6 +364,9 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = PipUninstallSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             let sources = args
                 .package
                 .into_iter()
@@ -391,6 +398,9 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = PipFreezeSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             commands::pip_freeze(
                 args.exclude_editable,
                 args.shared.strict,
@@ -408,6 +418,9 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = PipListSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             commands::pip_list(
                 args.editable,
                 args.exclude_editable,
@@ -426,6 +439,9 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = PipShowSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             commands::pip_show(
                 args.package,
                 args.shared.strict,
@@ -441,6 +457,9 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = PipCheckSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             commands::pip_check(
                 args.shared.python.as_deref(),
                 args.shared.system,
@@ -467,6 +486,9 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = settings::VenvSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             // Since we use ".venv" as the default name, we use "." as the default prompt.
             let prompt = args.prompt.or_else(|| {
                 if args.name == PathBuf::from(".venv") {
@@ -499,6 +521,9 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let args = settings::RunSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             let requirements = args
                 .with
                 .into_iter()
@@ -535,12 +560,18 @@ async fn run() -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let _args = settings::SyncSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             commands::sync(globals.preview, &cache, printer).await
         }
         Commands::Lock(args) => {
             // Resolve the settings from the command-line arguments and workspace configuration.
             let _args = settings::LockSettings::resolve(args, workspace);
 
+            // Initialize the cache.
+            let cache = cache.init()?;
+
             commands::lock(globals.preview, &cache, printer).await
         }
         #[cfg(feature = "self-update")]

crates/uv/tests/common/mod.rs

@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ pub fn python_path_with_versions(
     temp_dir: &assert_fs::TempDir,
     python_versions: &[&str],
 ) -> anyhow::Result<OsString> {
-    let cache = Cache::from_path(temp_dir.child("cache").to_path_buf())?;
+    let cache = Cache::from_path(temp_dir.child("cache").to_path_buf())?.init()?;
     let selected_pythons = python_versions
         .iter()
         .flat_map(|python_version| {