Avoid reusing cached downloaded binaries with --no-binary (#7772)

## Summary

Historically, we've allowed the use of wheels that were downloaded from
PyPI even when the user passes `--no-binary`, if the wheel exists in the
cache. This PR modifies the cache lookup code such that we respect
`--no-build` and `--no-binary` in those paths.

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/2154.

crates/uv-distribution/src/index/registry_wheel_index.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 
 use distribution_types::{CachedRegistryDist, Hashed, IndexLocations, IndexUrl};
-use pep440_rs::Version;
 use platform_tags::Tags;
 use uv_cache::{Cache, CacheBucket, WheelCache};
 use uv_fs::{directories, files, symlinks};
@@ -14,6 +12,15 @@ use uv_types::HashStrategy;
 use crate::index::cached_wheel::CachedWheel;
 use crate::source::{HttpRevisionPointer, LocalRevisionPointer, HTTP_REVISION, LOCAL_REVISION};
 
+/// An entry in the [`RegistryWheelIndex`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct IndexEntry {
+    /// The cached distribution.
+    pub dist: CachedRegistryDist,
+    /// Whether the wheel was built from source (true), or downloaded from the registry directly (false).
+    pub built: bool,
+}
+
 /// A local index of distributions that originate from a registry, like `PyPI`.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
@@ -21,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
     tags: &'a Tags,
     index_locations: &'a IndexLocations,
     hasher: &'a HashStrategy,
-    index: FxHashMap<&'a PackageName, BTreeMap<Version, CachedRegistryDist>>,
+    index: FxHashMap<&'a PackageName, Vec<IndexEntry>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
@@ -44,26 +51,12 @@ impl<'a> RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
     /// Return an iterator over available wheels for a given package.
     ///
     /// If the package is not yet indexed, this will index the package by reading from the cache.
-    pub fn get(
-        &mut self,
-        name: &'a PackageName,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&Version, &CachedRegistryDist)> {
+    pub fn get(&mut self, name: &'a PackageName) -> impl Iterator<Item = &IndexEntry> {
         self.get_impl(name).iter().rev()
     }
 
-    /// Get the best wheel for the given package name and version.
-    ///
-    /// If the package is not yet indexed, this will index the package by reading from the cache.
-    pub fn get_version(
-        &mut self,
-        name: &'a PackageName,
-        version: &Version,
-    ) -> Option<&CachedRegistryDist> {
-        self.get_impl(name).get(version)
-    }
-
     /// Get an entry in the index.
-    fn get_impl(&mut self, name: &'a PackageName) -> &BTreeMap<Version, CachedRegistryDist> {
+    fn get_impl(&mut self, name: &'a PackageName) -> &[IndexEntry] {
         let versions = match self.index.entry(name) {
             Entry::Occupied(entry) => entry.into_mut(),
             Entry::Vacant(entry) => entry.insert(Self::index(
@@ -84,8 +77,8 @@ impl<'a> RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
         tags: &Tags,
         index_locations: &IndexLocations,
         hasher: &HashStrategy,
-    ) -> BTreeMap<Version, CachedRegistryDist> {
-        let mut versions = BTreeMap::new();
+    ) -> Vec<IndexEntry> {
+        let mut entries = vec![];
 
         // Collect into owned `IndexUrl`.
         let flat_index_urls: Vec<IndexUrl> = index_locations
@@ -113,12 +106,19 @@ impl<'a> RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
                             if let Some(wheel) =
                                 CachedWheel::from_http_pointer(wheel_dir.join(file), cache)
                             {
-                                // Enforce hash-checking based on the built distribution.
-                                if wheel.satisfies(
-                                    hasher
-                                        .get_package(&wheel.filename.name, &wheel.filename.version),
-                                ) {
-                                    Self::add_wheel(wheel, tags, &mut versions);
+                                if wheel.filename.compatibility(tags).is_compatible() {
+                                    // Enforce hash-checking based on the built distribution.
+                                    if wheel.satisfies(
+                                        hasher.get_package(
+                                            &wheel.filename.name,
+                                            &wheel.filename.version,
+                                        ),
+                                    ) {
+                                        entries.push(IndexEntry {
+                                            dist: wheel.into_registry_dist(),
+                                            built: false,
+                                        });
+                                    }
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -132,12 +132,19 @@ impl<'a> RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
                             if let Some(wheel) =
                                 CachedWheel::from_local_pointer(wheel_dir.join(file), cache)
                             {
-                                // Enforce hash-checking based on the built distribution.
-                                if wheel.satisfies(
-                                    hasher
-                                        .get_package(&wheel.filename.name, &wheel.filename.version),
-                                ) {
-                                    Self::add_wheel(wheel, tags, &mut versions);
+                                if wheel.filename.compatibility(tags).is_compatible() {
+                                    // Enforce hash-checking based on the built distribution.
+                                    if wheel.satisfies(
+                                        hasher.get_package(
+                                            &wheel.filename.name,
+                                            &wheel.filename.version,
+                                        ),
+                                    ) {
+                                        entries.push(IndexEntry {
+                                            dist: wheel.into_registry_dist(),
+                                            built: false,
+                                        });
+                                    }
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -182,11 +189,17 @@ impl<'a> RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
                 if let Some(revision) = revision {
                     for wheel_dir in symlinks(cache_shard.join(revision.id())) {
                         if let Some(wheel) = CachedWheel::from_built_source(wheel_dir) {
-                            // Enforce hash-checking based on the source distribution.
-                            if revision.satisfies(
-                                hasher.get_package(&wheel.filename.name, &wheel.filename.version),
-                            ) {
-                                Self::add_wheel(wheel, tags, &mut versions);
+                            if wheel.filename.compatibility(tags).is_compatible() {
+                                // Enforce hash-checking based on the source distribution.
+                                if revision.satisfies(
+                                    hasher
+                                        .get_package(&wheel.filename.name, &wheel.filename.version),
+                                ) {
+                                    entries.push(IndexEntry {
+                                        dist: wheel.into_registry_dist(),
+                                        built: true,
+                                    });
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -194,26 +207,23 @@ impl<'a> RegistryWheelIndex<'a> {
             }
         }
 
-        versions
-    }
+        // Sort the cached distributions by (1) version, (2) compatibility, and (3) build status.
+        // We want the highest versions, with the greatest compatibility, that were built from source.
+        // at the end of the list.
+        entries.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| {
+            a.dist
+                .filename
+                .version
+                .cmp(&b.dist.filename.version)
+                .then_with(|| {
+                    a.dist
+                        .filename
+                        .compatibility(tags)
+                        .cmp(&b.dist.filename.compatibility(tags))
+                        .then_with(|| a.built.cmp(&b.built))
+                })
+        });
 
-    /// Add the [`CachedWheel`] to the index.
-    fn add_wheel(
-        wheel: CachedWheel,
-        tags: &Tags,
-        versions: &mut BTreeMap<Version, CachedRegistryDist>,
-    ) {
-        let dist_info = wheel.into_registry_dist();
-
-        // Pick the wheel with the highest priority
-        let compatibility = dist_info.filename.compatibility(tags);
-        if let Some(existing) = versions.get_mut(&dist_info.filename.version) {
-            // Override if we have better compatibility
-            if compatibility > existing.filename.compatibility(tags) {
-                *existing = dist_info;
-            }
-        } else if compatibility.is_compatible() {
-            versions.insert(dist_info.filename.version.clone(), dist_info);
-        }
+        entries
     }
 }

crates/uv-installer/src/plan.rs

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ impl<'a> Planner<'a> {
 
             // Check if installation of a binary version of the package should be allowed.
             let no_binary = build_options.no_binary_package(&requirement.name);
+            let no_build = build_options.no_build_package(&requirement.name);
 
             let installed_dists = site_packages.remove_packages(&requirement.name);
 
@@ -143,9 +144,19 @@ impl<'a> Planner<'a> {
             // Identify any cached distributions that satisfy the requirement.
             match &requirement.source {
                 RequirementSource::Registry { specifier, .. } => {
-                    if let Some((_version, distribution)) = registry_index
-                        .get(&requirement.name)
-                        .find(|(version, _)| specifier.contains(version))
+                    if let Some(distribution) =
+                        registry_index.get(&requirement.name).find_map(|entry| {
+                            if !specifier.contains(&entry.dist.filename.version) {
+                                return None;
+                            };
+                            if entry.built && no_build {
+                                return None;
+                            }
+                            if !entry.built && no_binary {
+                                return None;
+                            }
+                            Some(&entry.dist)
+                        })
                     {
                         debug!("Requirement already cached: {distribution}");
                         cached.push(CachedDist::Registry(distribution.clone()));

crates/uv/tests/lock.rs

@@ -7473,7 +7473,7 @@ fn lock_find_links_http_sdist() -> Result<()> {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    Prepared 1 package in [TIME]
+    Prepared 2 packages in [TIME]
     Installed 2 packages in [TIME]
      + packaging==23.2
      + project==0.1.0 (from file://[TEMP_DIR]/)

crates/uv/tests/pip_install.rs

@@ -2010,6 +2010,66 @@ fn install_only_binary_all_and_no_binary_all() {
     context.assert_command("import anyio").failure();
 }
 
+/// Binary dependencies in the cache should be reused when the user provides `--no-build`.
+#[test]
+fn install_no_binary_cache() {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    // Install a binary distribution.
+    uv_snapshot!(
+        context.pip_install().arg("idna"),
+        @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Prepared 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + idna==3.6
+    "###
+    );
+
+    // Re-create the virtual environment.
+    context.venv().assert().success();
+
+    // Re-install. The distribution should be installed from the cache.
+    uv_snapshot!(
+        context.pip_install().arg("idna"),
+        @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + idna==3.6
+    "###
+    );
+
+    // Re-create the virtual environment.
+    context.venv().assert().success();
+
+    // Install with `--no-binary`. The distribution should be built from source, despite a binary
+    // distribution being available in the cache.
+    uv_snapshot!(
+        context.pip_install().arg("idna").arg("--no-binary").arg(":all:"),
+        @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Prepared 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + idna==3.6
+    "###
+    );
+}
+
 /// Respect `--only-binary` flags in `requirements.txt`
 #[test]
 fn only_binary_requirements_txt() {
@@ -2124,6 +2184,63 @@ fn only_binary_editable_setup_py() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn cache_priority() {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    // Install a specific `idna` version.
+    uv_snapshot!(
+        context.pip_install().arg("idna==3.6"),
+        @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Prepared 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + idna==3.6
+    "###
+    );
+
+    // Install a lower `idna` version.
+    uv_snapshot!(
+        context.pip_install().arg("idna==3.0"),
+        @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Prepared 1 package in [TIME]
+    Uninstalled 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     - idna==3.6
+     + idna==3.0
+    "###
+    );
+
+    // Re-create the virtual environment.
+    context.venv().assert().success();
+
+    // Install `idna` without a version specifier.
+    uv_snapshot!(
+        context.pip_install().arg("idna"),
+        @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + idna==3.6
+    "###
+    );
+}
+
 /// Install a package into a virtual environment, and ensuring that the executable permissions
 /// are retained.
 ///