Add JSON Schema support (#3046)

## Summary

This PR adds JSON Schema support. The setup mirrors Ruff's own.

crates/uv-resolver/Cargo.toml

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ petgraph = { workspace = true }
 pubgrub = { workspace = true }
 rkyv = { workspace = true }
 rustc-hash = { workspace = true }
+schemars = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 serde = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 textwrap = { workspace = true }
 thiserror = { workspace = true }

crates/uv-resolver/src/exclude_newer.rs

@@ -52,3 +52,24 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for ExcludeNewer {
         self.0.fmt(f)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+impl schemars::JsonSchema for ExcludeNewer {
+    fn schema_name() -> String {
+        "ExcludeNewer".to_string()
+    }
+
+    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
+        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
+            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
+            string: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::StringValidation {
+                pattern: Some(
+                    r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}(T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(Z|[+-]\d{2}:\d{2}))?$".to_string(),
+                ),
+                ..schemars::schema::StringValidation::default()
+            })),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+        .into()
+    }
+}

crates/uv-resolver/src/prerelease_mode.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use crate::Manifest;
     feature = "serde",
     serde(deny_unknown_fields, rename_all = "kebab-case")
 )]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
 pub enum PreReleaseMode {
     /// Disallow all pre-release versions.
     Disallow,

crates/uv-resolver/src/resolution.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ use crate::{Manifest, ResolveError};
     feature = "serde",
     serde(deny_unknown_fields, rename_all = "kebab-case")
 )]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
 pub enum AnnotationStyle {
     /// Render the annotations on a single, comma-separated line.
     Line,

crates/uv-resolver/src/resolution_mode.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use crate::Manifest;
     feature = "serde",
     serde(deny_unknown_fields, rename_all = "kebab-case")
 )]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
 pub enum ResolutionMode {
     /// Resolve the highest compatible version of each package.
     #[default]