Filter out invalid wheels based on requires-python (#5084)

## Summary

The example in the linked issue doesn't quite work, but I think it has
to do with the existing filtering logic. Will follow-up separately.

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/5012.

crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/mod.rs

@@ -154,6 +154,9 @@ impl<'a, Context: BuildContext, InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider>
             database,
             flat_index,
             tags,
+            python_requirement
+                .target()
+                .and_then(|target| target.as_requires_python()),
             AllowedYanks::from_manifest(&manifest, markers, options.dependency_mode),
             hasher,
             options.exclude_newer,

crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/provider.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use uv_types::{BuildContext, HashStrategy};
 use crate::flat_index::FlatIndex;
 use crate::version_map::VersionMap;
 use crate::yanks::AllowedYanks;
-use crate::ExcludeNewer;
+use crate::{ExcludeNewer, RequiresPython};
 
 pub type PackageVersionsResult = Result<VersionsResponse, uv_client::Error>;
 pub type WheelMetadataResult = Result<MetadataResponse, uv_distribution::Error>;
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ pub struct DefaultResolverProvider<'a, Context: BuildContext> {
     /// These are the entries from `--find-links` that act as overrides for index responses.
     flat_index: FlatIndex,
     tags: Option<Tags>,
+    requires_python: Option<RequiresPython>,
     allowed_yanks: AllowedYanks,
     hasher: HashStrategy,
     exclude_newer: Option<ExcludeNewer>,
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ impl<'a, Context: BuildContext> DefaultResolverProvider<'a, Context> {
         fetcher: DistributionDatabase<'a, Context>,
         flat_index: &'a FlatIndex,
         tags: Option<&'a Tags>,
+        requires_python: Option<&'a RequiresPython>,
         allowed_yanks: AllowedYanks,
         hasher: &'a HashStrategy,
         exclude_newer: Option<ExcludeNewer>,
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ impl<'a, Context: BuildContext> DefaultResolverProvider<'a, Context> {
             fetcher,
             flat_index: flat_index.clone(),
             tags: tags.cloned(),
+            requires_python: requires_python.cloned(),
             allowed_yanks,
             hasher: hasher.clone(),
             exclude_newer,
@@ -127,6 +130,7 @@ impl<'a, Context: BuildContext> ResolverProvider for DefaultResolverProvider<'a,
                             package_name,
                             &index,
                             self.tags.as_ref(),
+                            self.requires_python.as_ref(),
                             &self.allowed_yanks,
                             &self.hasher,
                             self.exclude_newer.as_ref(),

crates/uv-resolver/src/version_map.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ use tracing::instrument;
 use distribution_filename::{DistFilename, WheelFilename};
 use distribution_types::{
     HashComparison, IncompatibleSource, IncompatibleWheel, IndexUrl, PrioritizedDist,
-    RegistryBuiltWheel, RegistrySourceDist, SourceDistCompatibility, WheelCompatibility,
+    PythonRequirementKind, RegistryBuiltWheel, RegistrySourceDist, SourceDistCompatibility,
+    WheelCompatibility,
 };
 use pep440_rs::Version;
 use platform_tags::{TagCompatibility, Tags};
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ use uv_types::HashStrategy;
 use uv_warnings::warn_user_once;
 
 use crate::flat_index::FlatDistributions;
-use crate::{yanks::AllowedYanks, ExcludeNewer};
+use crate::{yanks::AllowedYanks, ExcludeNewer, RequiresPython};
 
 /// A map from versions to distributions.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ impl VersionMap {
         package_name: &PackageName,
         index: &IndexUrl,
         tags: Option<&Tags>,
+        requires_python: Option<&RequiresPython>,
         allowed_yanks: &AllowedYanks,
         hasher: &HashStrategy,
         exclude_newer: Option<&ExcludeNewer>,
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ impl VersionMap {
                 no_build: build_options.no_build_package(package_name),
                 index: index.clone(),
                 tags: tags.cloned(),
+                requires_python: requires_python.cloned(),
                 exclude_newer: exclude_newer.copied(),
                 allowed_yanks,
                 required_hashes,
@@ -288,6 +291,8 @@ struct VersionMapLazy {
     allowed_yanks: FxHashSet<Version>,
     /// The hashes of allowed distributions.
     required_hashes: Vec<HashDigest>,
+    /// The `requires-python` constraint for the resolution.
+    requires_python: Option<RequiresPython>,
 }
 
 impl VersionMapLazy {
@@ -508,6 +513,17 @@ impl VersionMapLazy {
             }
         };
 
+        // Check if the wheel is compatible with the `requires-python` (i.e., the Python ABI tag
+        // is not less than the `requires-python` minimum version).
+        if let Some(requires_python) = self.requires_python.as_ref() {
+            if !filename.matches_requires_python(requires_python.specifiers()) {
+                return WheelCompatibility::Incompatible(IncompatibleWheel::RequiresPython(
+                    requires_python.specifiers().clone(),
+                    PythonRequirementKind::Target,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
         // Break ties with the build tag.
         let build_tag = filename.build_tag.clone();