pypi-types: fix lenient requirement parsing (#1529)

This fixes a bug where `uv pip install` failed to install `polars`:

```
$ uv pip install polars==0.14.0
error: Failed to download: polars==0.14.0
  Caused by: Couldn't parse metadata of polars-0.14.0-cp37-abi3-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl from 749022b096/polars-0.14.0-cp37-abi3-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl
  Caused by: Operator >= cannot be used with a wildcard version specifier
pyarrow>=4.0.*; extra == 'pyarrow'
       ^^^^^^^
```

Since `pyarrow>=4.0.*; extra == 'pyarrow'` is invalid *and* it comes
from the metadata of a dependency (that isn't under the control of the
end user), we actually attempt to "fix" it. Namely, wildcard
dependency specifications are only allowed with `==` and `!=`, as per
the [Version Specifiers spec]. (They aren't explicitly forbidden in
these cases, but instead only have specified behavior for the `==` and
`!=` operators.)

This is all fine, but it turns out that when we fix the `>=4.0.*`
component, we also strip the quotes around `pyarrow`. (Because some
dependency specifications include stray quotes.) We fix this by making
our quote stripping a bit more selective. (We require that it appear
adjacent to a digit or a `*`.)

Note that #1477 also reports this error:

```
$ uv pip install 'requests>=2.30.*'
error: Failed to parse `requests>=2.30.*`
  Caused by: Operator >= cannot be used with a wildcard version specifier
requests>=2.30.*
```

However, we specifically keep that error message since it's something
under the end user's control. And similarly for a dependency
specification in a `requirements.txt` file.

Fixes #1477

[Version Specifiers spec]:
https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/version-specifiers/

crates/pypi-types/src/lenient_requirement.rs

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ static MISSING_COMMA: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"(\d)([<>=~^!])").u
 static NOT_EQUAL_TILDE: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"!=~((?:\d\.)*\d)").unwrap());
 /// Ex) `>=1.9.*`, `<3.4.*`
 static INVALID_TRAILING_DOT_STAR: Lazy<Regex> =
-    Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"(<=|>=|<|>)(\d+(\.\d+)?)\.\*").unwrap());
+    Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"(<=|>=|<|>)(\d+(\.\d+)*)\.\*").unwrap());
 /// Ex) `!=3.0*`
 static MISSING_DOT: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r"(\d\.\d)+\*").unwrap());
 /// Ex) `>=3.6,`
 static TRAILING_COMMA: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r",\s*$").unwrap());
 /// Ex) `>= '2.7'`, `>=3.6'`
-static STRAY_QUOTES: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r#"['"]"#).unwrap());
+static STRAY_QUOTES: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| Regex::new(r#"['"]([*\d])|([*\d])['"]"#).unwrap());
 
 /// Regex to match the invalid specifier, replacement to fix it and message about was wrong and
 /// fixed
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ static FIXUPS: &[(&Lazy<Regex>, &str, &str)] = &[
     // Given `>=3.6,`, rewrite to `>=3.6`
     (&TRAILING_COMMA, r"${1}", "removing trailing comma"),
     // Given `>= '2.7'`, rewrite to `>= 2.7`
-    (&STRAY_QUOTES, r"", "removing stray quotes"),
+    (&STRAY_QUOTES, r"$1$2", "removing stray quotes"),
 ];
 
 fn parse_with_fixups<Err, T: FromStr<Err = Err>>(input: &str, type_name: &str) -> Result<T, Err> {

crates/uv/tests/pip_install.rs

@@ -1097,3 +1097,35 @@ fn install_constraints_inline() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+/// Tests that we can install `polars==0.14.0`, which has this odd dependency
+/// requirement in its wheel metadata: `pyarrow>=4.0.*; extra == 'pyarrow'`.
+///
+/// The `>=4.0.*` is invalid, but is something we "fix" because it is out
+/// of the control of the end user. However, our fix for this case ends up
+/// stripping the quotes around `pyarrow` and thus produces an irrevocably
+/// invalid dependency requirement.
+///
+/// See: <https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1477>
+#[test]
+fn install_pinned_polars_invalid_metadata() {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    // Install Flask.
+    uv_snapshot!(command(&context)
+        .arg("polars==0.14.0"),
+        @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Downloaded 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + polars==0.14.0
+    "###
+    );
+
+    context.assert_command("import polars").success();
+}