Re-add 3 retries in uv publish (#12041)

In the publish client, we have to set the client retries to 0 as the
retry middleware is incompatible with upload bodies. This however also
sets `client.retry_policy()` to a zero-retry policy, so we need to
construct our own policy.

Fixes #12027

---------

Co-authored-by: Zanie Blue <contact@zanie.dev>

scripts/publish/test_publish.py

@@ -181,12 +181,18 @@ def get_latest_version(project_name: str, client: httpx.Client) -> Version:
                 break
             except httpx.HTTPError as err:
                 error = err
-                print(f"Error getting version, sleeping for 1s: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+                print(
+                    f"Error getting version for {project_name}, sleeping for 1s: {err}",
+                    file=sys.stderr,
+                )
                 time.sleep(1)
             except InvalidSdistFilename as err:
                 # Sometimes there's a link that says "status page"
                 error = err
-                print(f"Invalid index page, sleeping for 1s: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+                print(
+                    f"Invalid index page for {project_name}, sleeping for 1s: {err}",
+                    file=sys.stderr,
+                )
                 time.sleep(1)
         else:
             raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to fetch {url}") from error