diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
index cda03204b..69be6fda9 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/build_frontend.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::commands::project::{find_requires_python, ProjectError};
 use crate::commands::reporters::PythonDownloadReporter;
 use crate::commands::ExitStatus;
 use crate::printer::Printer;
-use crate::settings::{NetworkSettings, ResolverSettings, ResolverSettingsRef};
+use crate::settings::{NetworkSettings, ResolverSettings};
 use uv_build_backend::check_direct_build;
 use uv_cache::{Cache, CacheBucket};
 use uv_client::{BaseClientBuilder, FlatIndexClient, RegistryClientBuilder};
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn build_frontend(
     hash_checking: Option<HashCheckingMode>,
     python: Option<String>,
     install_mirrors: PythonInstallMirrors,
-    settings: ResolverSettings,
+    settings: &ResolverSettings,
     network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
     no_config: bool,
     python_preference: PythonPreference,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn build_frontend(
         hash_checking,
         python.as_deref(),
         install_mirrors,
-        settings.as_ref(),
+        settings,
         network_settings,
         no_config,
         python_preference,
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ async fn build_impl(
     hash_checking: Option<HashCheckingMode>,
     python_request: Option<&str>,
     install_mirrors: PythonInstallMirrors,
-    settings: ResolverSettingsRef<'_>,
+    settings: &ResolverSettings,
     network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
     no_config: bool,
     python_preference: PythonPreference,
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ async fn build_impl(
     }
 
     // Extract the resolver settings.
-    let ResolverSettingsRef {
+    let ResolverSettings {
         index_locations,
         index_strategy,
         keyring_provider,
@@ -338,20 +338,20 @@ async fn build_impl(
             build_logs,
             force_pep517,
             build_constraints,
-            no_build_isolation,
+            *no_build_isolation,
             no_build_isolation_package,
             network_settings,
-            index_strategy,
-            keyring_provider,
-            exclude_newer,
-            sources,
+            *index_strategy,
+            *keyring_provider,
+            *exclude_newer,
+            *sources,
             concurrency,
             build_options,
             sdist,
             wheel,
             list,
             dependency_metadata,
-            link_mode,
+            *link_mode,
             config_setting,
             preview,
         );
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/add.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/add.rs
index b1f560e37..0c3f2013d 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/add.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/add.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ use crate::commands::project::{
 use crate::commands::reporters::{PythonDownloadReporter, ResolverReporter};
 use crate::commands::{diagnostics, project, ExitStatus, ScriptPath};
 use crate::printer::Printer;
-use crate::settings::{NetworkSettings, ResolverInstallerSettings, ResolverInstallerSettingsRef};
+use crate::settings::{NetworkSettings, ResolverInstallerSettings};
 
 /// Add one or more packages to the project requirements.
 #[allow(clippy::fn_params_excessive_bools)]
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn add(
     let client_builder = BaseClientBuilder::new()
         .connectivity(network_settings.connectivity)
         .native_tls(network_settings.native_tls)
-        .keyring(settings.keyring_provider)
+        .keyring(settings.resolver.keyring_provider)
         .allow_insecure_host(network_settings.allow_insecure_host.clone());
 
     // Read the requirements.
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn add(
             let sources = SourceStrategy::Enabled;
 
             // Add all authenticated sources to the cache.
-            for index in settings.index_locations.allowed_indexes() {
+            for index in settings.resolver.index_locations.allowed_indexes() {
                 if let Some(credentials) = index.credentials() {
                     let credentials = Arc::new(credentials);
                     uv_auth::store_credentials(index.raw_url(), credentials.clone());
@@ -307,31 +307,40 @@ pub(crate) async fn add(
 
             // Initialize the registry client.
             let client = RegistryClientBuilder::try_from(client_builder)?
-                .index_urls(settings.index_locations.index_urls())
-                .index_strategy(settings.index_strategy)
+                .index_urls(settings.resolver.index_locations.index_urls())
+                .index_strategy(settings.resolver.index_strategy)
                 .markers(target.interpreter().markers())
                 .platform(target.interpreter().platform())
                 .build();
 
             // Determine whether to enable build isolation.
             let environment;
-            let build_isolation = if settings.no_build_isolation {
+            let build_isolation = if settings.resolver.no_build_isolation {
                 environment = PythonEnvironment::from_interpreter(target.interpreter().clone());
                 BuildIsolation::Shared(&environment)
-            } else if settings.no_build_isolation_package.is_empty() {
+            } else if settings.resolver.no_build_isolation_package.is_empty() {
                 BuildIsolation::Isolated
             } else {
                 environment = PythonEnvironment::from_interpreter(target.interpreter().clone());
-                BuildIsolation::SharedPackage(&environment, &settings.no_build_isolation_package)
+                BuildIsolation::SharedPackage(
+                    &environment,
+                    &settings.resolver.no_build_isolation_package,
+                )
             };
 
             // Resolve the flat indexes from `--find-links`.
             let flat_index = {
                 let client = FlatIndexClient::new(&client, cache);
                 let entries = client
-                    .fetch(settings.index_locations.flat_indexes().map(Index::url))
+                    .fetch(
+                        settings
+                            .resolver
+                            .index_locations
+                            .flat_indexes()
+                            .map(Index::url),
+                    )
                     .await?;
-                FlatIndex::from_entries(entries, None, &hasher, &settings.build_options)
+                FlatIndex::from_entries(entries, None, &hasher, &settings.resolver.build_options)
             };
 
             // Create a build dispatch.
@@ -340,17 +349,17 @@ pub(crate) async fn add(
                 cache,
                 build_constraints,
                 target.interpreter(),
-                &settings.index_locations,
+                &settings.resolver.index_locations,
                 &flat_index,
-                &settings.dependency_metadata,
+                &settings.resolver.dependency_metadata,
                 state.clone().into_inner(),
-                settings.index_strategy,
-                &settings.config_setting,
+                settings.resolver.index_strategy,
+                &settings.resolver.config_setting,
                 build_isolation,
-                settings.link_mode,
-                &settings.build_options,
+                settings.resolver.link_mode,
+                &settings.resolver.build_options,
                 &build_hasher,
-                settings.exclude_newer,
+                settings.resolver.exclude_newer,
                 sources,
                 // No workspace caching since `uv add` changes the workspace definition.
                 WorkspaceCache::default(),
@@ -637,7 +646,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn add(
         locked,
         &dependency_type,
         raw_sources,
-        settings.as_ref(),
+        &settings,
         &network_settings,
         installer_metadata,
         concurrency,
@@ -673,7 +682,7 @@ async fn lock_and_sync(
     locked: bool,
     dependency_type: &DependencyType,
     raw_sources: bool,
-    settings: ResolverInstallerSettingsRef<'_>,
+    settings: &ResolverInstallerSettings,
     network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
     installer_metadata: bool,
     concurrency: Concurrency,
@@ -688,7 +697,7 @@ async fn lock_and_sync(
             LockMode::Write(target.interpreter())
         },
         (&target).into(),
-        settings.into(),
+        &settings.resolver,
         network_settings,
         &lock_state,
         Box::new(DefaultResolveLogger),
@@ -806,7 +815,7 @@ async fn lock_and_sync(
                     LockMode::Write(target.interpreter())
                 },
                 (&target).into(),
-                settings.into(),
+                &settings.resolver,
                 network_settings,
                 &lock_state,
                 Box::new(SummaryResolveLogger),
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/environment.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/environment.rs
index ee4e9213f..49b7cc236 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/environment.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/environment.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl CachedEnvironment {
             resolve_environment(
                 spec,
                 &interpreter,
-                settings.as_ref().into(),
+                &settings.resolver,
                 network_settings,
                 state,
                 resolve,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl CachedEnvironment {
             venv,
             &resolution,
             Modifications::Exact,
-            settings.as_ref().into(),
+            settings.into(),
             network_settings,
             state,
             install,
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/export.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/export.rs
index f7d5e0bba..93af04dab 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/export.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/export.rs
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn export(
     let lock = match do_safe_lock(
         mode,
         (&target).into(),
-        settings.as_ref(),
+        &settings,
         &network_settings,
         &state,
         Box::new(DefaultResolveLogger),
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs
index 3e7090dc8..6b3576d82 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ use crate::commands::project::{
 use crate::commands::reporters::{PythonDownloadReporter, ResolverReporter};
 use crate::commands::{diagnostics, pip, ExitStatus, ScriptPath};
 use crate::printer::Printer;
-use crate::settings::{NetworkSettings, ResolverSettings, ResolverSettingsRef};
+use crate::settings::{NetworkSettings, ResolverSettings};
 
 /// The result of running a lock operation.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn lock(
     match do_safe_lock(
         mode,
         target,
-        settings.as_ref(),
+        &settings,
         &network_settings,
         &state,
         Box::new(DefaultResolveLogger),
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ pub(super) enum LockMode<'env> {
 pub(super) async fn do_safe_lock(
     mode: LockMode<'_>,
     target: LockTarget<'_>,
-    settings: ResolverSettingsRef<'_>,
+    settings: &ResolverSettings,
     network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
     state: &UniversalState,
     logger: Box<dyn ResolveLogger>,
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ async fn do_lock(
     target: LockTarget<'_>,
     interpreter: &Interpreter,
     existing_lock: Option<Lock>,
-    settings: ResolverSettingsRef<'_>,
+    settings: &ResolverSettings,
     network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
     state: &UniversalState,
     logger: Box<dyn ResolveLogger>,
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ async fn do_lock(
     let start = std::time::Instant::now();
 
     // Extract the project settings.
-    let ResolverSettingsRef {
+    let ResolverSettings {
         index_locations,
         index_strategy,
         keyring_provider,
@@ -387,14 +387,14 @@ async fn do_lock(
     let source_trees = vec![];
 
     // If necessary, lower the overrides and constraints.
-    let requirements = target.lower(requirements, index_locations, sources)?;
-    let overrides = target.lower(overrides, index_locations, sources)?;
-    let constraints = target.lower(constraints, index_locations, sources)?;
-    let build_constraints = target.lower(build_constraints, index_locations, sources)?;
+    let requirements = target.lower(requirements, index_locations, *sources)?;
+    let overrides = target.lower(overrides, index_locations, *sources)?;
+    let constraints = target.lower(constraints, index_locations, *sources)?;
+    let build_constraints = target.lower(build_constraints, index_locations, *sources)?;
     let dependency_groups = dependency_groups
         .into_iter()
         .map(|(name, requirements)| {
-            let requirements = target.lower(requirements, index_locations, sources)?;
+            let requirements = target.lower(requirements, index_locations, *sources)?;
             Ok((name, requirements))
         })
         .collect::<Result<BTreeMap<_, _>, ProjectError>>()?;
@@ -553,15 +553,15 @@ async fn do_lock(
         .allow_insecure_host(network_settings.allow_insecure_host.clone())
         .url_auth_policies(UrlAuthPolicies::from(index_locations))
         .index_urls(index_locations.index_urls())
-        .index_strategy(index_strategy)
-        .keyring(keyring_provider)
+        .index_strategy(*index_strategy)
+        .keyring(*keyring_provider)
         .markers(interpreter.markers())
         .platform(interpreter.platform())
         .build();
 
     // Determine whether to enable build isolation.
     let environment;
-    let build_isolation = if no_build_isolation {
+    let build_isolation = if *no_build_isolation {
         environment = PythonEnvironment::from_interpreter(interpreter.clone());
         BuildIsolation::Shared(&environment)
     } else if no_build_isolation_package.is_empty() {
@@ -572,11 +572,11 @@ async fn do_lock(
     };
 
     let options = OptionsBuilder::new()
-        .resolution_mode(resolution)
-        .prerelease_mode(prerelease)
-        .fork_strategy(fork_strategy)
-        .exclude_newer(exclude_newer)
-        .index_strategy(index_strategy)
+        .resolution_mode(*resolution)
+        .prerelease_mode(*prerelease)
+        .fork_strategy(*fork_strategy)
+        .exclude_newer(*exclude_newer)
+        .index_strategy(*index_strategy)
         .build_options(build_options.clone())
         .required_environments(required_environments.cloned().unwrap_or_default())
         .build();
@@ -611,14 +611,14 @@ async fn do_lock(
         &flat_index,
         dependency_metadata,
         state.fork().into_inner(),
-        index_strategy,
+        *index_strategy,
         config_setting,
         build_isolation,
-        link_mode,
+        *link_mode,
         build_options,
         &build_hasher,
-        exclude_newer,
-        sources,
+        *exclude_newer,
+        *sources,
         workspace_cache,
         concurrency,
         preview,
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
index dfa8cdc75..ec1f42548 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ use crate::commands::reporters::{PythonDownloadReporter, ResolverReporter};
 use crate::commands::{capitalize, conjunction, pip};
 use crate::printer::Printer;
 use crate::settings::{
-    InstallerSettingsRef, NetworkSettings, ResolverInstallerSettings, ResolverSettingsRef,
+    InstallerSettingsRef, NetworkSettings, ResolverInstallerSettings, ResolverSettings,
 };
 
 pub(crate) mod add;
@@ -1504,23 +1504,26 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_names(
 
     // Extract the project settings.
     let ResolverInstallerSettings {
-        index_locations,
-        index_strategy,
-        keyring_provider,
-        resolution: _,
-        prerelease: _,
-        fork_strategy: _,
-        dependency_metadata,
-        config_setting,
-        no_build_isolation,
-        no_build_isolation_package,
-        exclude_newer,
-        link_mode,
+        resolver:
+            ResolverSettings {
+                build_options,
+                config_setting,
+                dependency_metadata,
+                exclude_newer,
+                fork_strategy: _,
+                index_locations,
+                index_strategy,
+                keyring_provider,
+                link_mode,
+                no_build_isolation,
+                no_build_isolation_package,
+                prerelease: _,
+                resolution: _,
+                sources,
+                upgrade: _,
+            },
         compile_bytecode: _,
-        sources,
-        upgrade: _,
         reinstall: _,
-        build_options,
     } = settings;
 
     // Add all authenticated sources to the cache.
@@ -1632,7 +1635,7 @@ impl<'lock> EnvironmentSpecification<'lock> {
 pub(crate) async fn resolve_environment(
     spec: EnvironmentSpecification<'_>,
     interpreter: &Interpreter,
-    settings: ResolverSettingsRef<'_>,
+    settings: &ResolverSettings,
     network_settings: &NetworkSettings,
     state: &PlatformState,
     logger: Box<dyn ResolveLogger>,
@@ -1643,7 +1646,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_environment(
 ) -> Result<ResolverOutput, ProjectError> {
     warn_on_requirements_txt_setting(&spec.requirements, settings);
 
-    let ResolverSettingsRef {
+    let ResolverSettings {
         index_locations,
         index_strategy,
         keyring_provider,
@@ -1694,15 +1697,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_environment(
         .allow_insecure_host(network_settings.allow_insecure_host.clone())
         .url_auth_policies(UrlAuthPolicies::from(index_locations))
         .index_urls(index_locations.index_urls())
-        .index_strategy(index_strategy)
-        .keyring(keyring_provider)
+        .index_strategy(*index_strategy)
+        .keyring(*keyring_provider)
         .markers(interpreter.markers())
         .platform(interpreter.platform())
         .build();
 
     // Determine whether to enable build isolation.
     let environment;
-    let build_isolation = if no_build_isolation {
+    let build_isolation = if *no_build_isolation {
         environment = PythonEnvironment::from_interpreter(interpreter.clone());
         BuildIsolation::Shared(&environment)
     } else if no_build_isolation_package.is_empty() {
@@ -1713,11 +1716,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_environment(
     };
 
     let options = OptionsBuilder::new()
-        .resolution_mode(resolution)
-        .prerelease_mode(prerelease)
-        .fork_strategy(fork_strategy)
-        .exclude_newer(exclude_newer)
-        .index_strategy(index_strategy)
+        .resolution_mode(*resolution)
+        .prerelease_mode(*prerelease)
+        .fork_strategy(*fork_strategy)
+        .exclude_newer(*exclude_newer)
+        .index_strategy(*index_strategy)
         .build_options(build_options.clone())
         .build();
 
@@ -1768,14 +1771,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_environment(
         &flat_index,
         dependency_metadata,
         state.clone().into_inner(),
-        index_strategy,
+        *index_strategy,
         config_setting,
         build_isolation,
-        link_mode,
+        *link_mode,
         build_options,
         &build_hasher,
-        exclude_newer,
-        sources,
+        *exclude_newer,
+        *sources,
         workspace_cache,
         concurrency,
         preview,
@@ -1988,26 +1991,29 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_environment(
     printer: Printer,
     preview: PreviewMode,
 ) -> Result<EnvironmentUpdate, ProjectError> {
-    warn_on_requirements_txt_setting(&spec, settings.as_ref().into());
+    warn_on_requirements_txt_setting(&spec, &settings.resolver);
 
     let ResolverInstallerSettings {
-        index_locations,
-        index_strategy,
-        keyring_provider,
-        resolution,
-        prerelease,
-        fork_strategy,
-        dependency_metadata,
-        config_setting,
-        no_build_isolation,
-        no_build_isolation_package,
-        exclude_newer,
-        link_mode,
+        resolver:
+            ResolverSettings {
+                build_options,
+                config_setting,
+                dependency_metadata,
+                exclude_newer,
+                fork_strategy,
+                index_locations,
+                index_strategy,
+                keyring_provider,
+                link_mode,
+                no_build_isolation,
+                no_build_isolation_package,
+                prerelease,
+                resolution,
+                sources,
+                upgrade,
+            },
         compile_bytecode,
-        sources,
-        upgrade,
         reinstall,
-        build_options,
     } = settings;
 
     // Respect all requirements from the provided sources.
@@ -2333,7 +2339,7 @@ pub(crate) fn detect_conflicts(
 #[allow(clippy::result_large_err)]
 pub(crate) fn script_specification(
     script: Pep723ItemRef<'_>,
-    settings: ResolverSettingsRef,
+    settings: &ResolverSettings,
 ) -> Result<Option<RequirementsSpecification>, ProjectError> {
     let Some(dependencies) = script.metadata().dependencies.as_ref() else {
         return Ok(None);
@@ -2383,7 +2389,7 @@ pub(crate) fn script_specification(
                 script_dir.as_ref(),
                 script_sources,
                 script_indexes,
-                settings.index_locations,
+                &settings.index_locations,
             )
             .map_ok(LoweredRequirement::into_inner)
         })
@@ -2403,7 +2409,7 @@ pub(crate) fn script_specification(
                 script_dir.as_ref(),
                 script_sources,
                 script_indexes,
-                settings.index_locations,
+                &settings.index_locations,
             )
             .map_ok(LoweredRequirement::into_inner)
         })
@@ -2423,7 +2429,7 @@ pub(crate) fn script_specification(
                 script_dir.as_ref(),
                 script_sources,
                 script_indexes,
-                settings.index_locations,
+                &settings.index_locations,
             )
             .map_ok(LoweredRequirement::into_inner)
         })
@@ -2437,10 +2443,7 @@ pub(crate) fn script_specification(
 }
 
 /// Warn if the user provides (e.g.) an `--index-url` in a requirements file.
-fn warn_on_requirements_txt_setting(
-    spec: &RequirementsSpecification,
-    settings: ResolverSettingsRef<'_>,
-) {
+fn warn_on_requirements_txt_setting(spec: &RequirementsSpecification, settings: &ResolverSettings) {
     let RequirementsSpecification {
         index_url,
         extra_index_urls,
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/remove.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/remove.rs
index 19c6e1ec3..d3d7cec97 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/remove.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/remove.rs
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn remove(
     let lock = match project::lock::do_safe_lock(
         mode,
         (&target).into(),
-        settings.as_ref().into(),
+        &settings.resolver,
         &network_settings,
         &state,
         Box::new(DefaultResolveLogger),
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn remove(
         EditableMode::Editable,
         install_options,
         Modifications::Exact,
-        settings.as_ref().into(),
+        (&settings).into(),
         &network_settings,
         &state,
         Box::new(DefaultInstallLogger),
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs
index 9e2460630..05be2ca09 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ hint: If you are running a script with `{}` in the shebang, you may need to incl
             let lock = match project::lock::do_safe_lock(
                 mode,
                 target,
-                settings.as_ref().into(),
+                &settings.resolver,
                 &network_settings,
                 &lock_state,
                 if show_resolution {
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ hint: If you are running a script with `{}` in the shebang, you may need to incl
                 editable,
                 install_options,
                 modifications,
-                settings.as_ref().into(),
+                (&settings).into(),
                 &network_settings,
                 &sync_state,
                 if show_resolution {
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ hint: If you are running a script with `{}` in the shebang, you may need to incl
             }
 
             // Install the script requirements, if necessary. Otherwise, use an isolated environment.
-            if let Some(spec) = script_specification((&script).into(), settings.as_ref().into())? {
+            if let Some(spec) = script_specification((&script).into(), &settings.resolver)? {
                 let environment = ScriptEnvironment::get_or_init(
                     (&script).into(),
                     python.as_deref().map(PythonRequest::parse),
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ hint: If you are running a script with `{}` in the shebang, you may need to incl
                 let result = match project::lock::do_safe_lock(
                     mode,
                     project.workspace().into(),
-                    settings.as_ref().into(),
+                    &settings.resolver,
                     &network_settings,
                     &lock_state,
                     if show_resolution {
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ hint: If you are running a script with `{}` in the shebang, you may need to incl
                     editable,
                     install_options,
                     modifications,
-                    settings.as_ref().into(),
+                    (&settings).into(),
                     &network_settings,
                     &sync_state,
                     if show_resolution {
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
index 9e992e122..6b742d213 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/sync.rs
@@ -274,9 +274,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn sync(
                 ));
             }
 
-            let spec =
-                script_specification(Pep723ItemRef::Script(script), settings.as_ref().into())?
-                    .unwrap_or_default();
+            let spec = script_specification(Pep723ItemRef::Script(script), &settings.resolver)?
+                .unwrap_or_default();
             match update_environment(
                 Deref::deref(&environment).clone(),
                 spec,
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn sync(
     let lock = match do_safe_lock(
         mode,
         lock_target,
-        settings.as_ref().into(),
+        &settings.resolver,
         &network_settings,
         &state,
         Box::new(DefaultResolveLogger),
@@ -454,7 +453,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn sync(
         editable,
         install_options,
         modifications,
-        settings.as_ref().into(),
+        (&settings).into(),
         &network_settings,
         &state,
         Box::new(DefaultInstallLogger),
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/tree.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/tree.rs
index 746ad8deb..a94bc0acf 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/project/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/project/tree.rs
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn tree(
     let lock = match do_safe_lock(
         mode,
         target,
-        settings.as_ref(),
+        &settings,
         network_settings,
         &state,
         Box::new(DefaultResolveLogger),
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/install.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/install.rs
index b480a47a0..8dd6c427d 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/install.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/install.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use crate::commands::tool::{Target, ToolRequest};
 use crate::commands::ExitStatus;
 use crate::commands::{diagnostics, reporters::PythonDownloadReporter};
 use crate::printer::Printer;
-use crate::settings::{NetworkSettings, ResolverInstallerSettings};
+use crate::settings::{NetworkSettings, ResolverInstallerSettings, ResolverSettings};
 
 /// Install a tool.
 #[allow(clippy::fn_params_excessive_bools)]
@@ -208,9 +208,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
     // If the user passed, e.g., `ruff@latest`, we need to mark it as upgradable.
     let settings = if request.is_latest() {
         ResolverInstallerSettings {
-            upgrade: settings
-                .upgrade
-                .combine(Upgrade::package(from.name.clone())),
+            resolver: ResolverSettings {
+                upgrade: settings
+                    .resolver
+                    .upgrade
+                    .combine(Upgrade::package(from.name.clone())),
+                ..settings.resolver
+            },
             ..settings
         }
     } else {
@@ -340,7 +344,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
         .as_ref()
         .filter(|_| {
             // And the user didn't request a reinstall or upgrade...
-            !request.is_latest() && settings.reinstall.is_none() && settings.upgrade.is_none()
+            !request.is_latest()
+                && settings.reinstall.is_none()
+                && settings.resolver.upgrade.is_none()
         })
         .is_some()
     {
@@ -435,7 +441,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
         let resolution = resolve_environment(
             spec.clone(),
             &interpreter,
-            settings.as_ref().into(),
+            &settings.resolver,
             &network_settings,
             &state,
             Box::new(DefaultResolveLogger),
@@ -487,7 +493,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
                     match resolve_environment(
                         spec,
                         &interpreter,
-                        settings.as_ref().into(),
+                        &settings.resolver,
                         &network_settings,
                         &state,
                         Box::new(DefaultResolveLogger),
@@ -526,7 +532,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn install(
             environment,
             &resolution.into(),
             Modifications::Exact,
-            settings.as_ref().into(),
+            (&settings).into(),
             &network_settings,
             &state,
             Box::new(DefaultInstallLogger),
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/run.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/run.rs
index 46f0d22d4..0d6c6e470 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/run.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/run.rs
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn run(
         && invocation_source == ToolRunCommand::Uvx
         && target == "run"
         && settings
+            .resolver
             .index_locations
             .indexes()
             .all(|index| matches!(index.url, IndexUrl::Pypi(..)))
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/upgrade.rs b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/upgrade.rs
index 5979e48d1..8d83f871a 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/upgrade.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/commands/tool/upgrade.rs
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ async fn upgrade_tool(
         let resolution = resolve_environment(
             spec.into(),
             interpreter,
-            settings.as_ref().into(),
+            &settings.resolver,
             network_settings,
             &state,
             Box::new(SummaryResolveLogger),
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ async fn upgrade_tool(
             environment,
             &resolution.into(),
             Modifications::Exact,
-            settings.as_ref().into(),
+            (&settings).into(),
             network_settings,
             &state,
             Box::new(DefaultInstallLogger),
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/lib.rs b/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
index 83803d338..0c27b352d 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/lib.rs
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ async fn run(mut cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
                 args.hash_checking,
                 args.python,
                 args.install_mirrors,
-                args.settings,
+                &args.settings,
                 &globals.network_settings,
                 cli.top_level.no_config,
                 globals.python_preference,
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ async fn run(mut cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(
                 args.refresh
                     .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.reinstall.clone()))
-                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.upgrade.clone())),
+                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.resolver.upgrade.clone())),
             );
 
             let requirements = {
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ async fn run(mut cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(
                 args.refresh
                     .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.reinstall.clone()))
-                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.upgrade.clone())),
+                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.resolver.upgrade.clone())),
             );
 
             let mut requirements = Vec::with_capacity(
@@ -1456,7 +1456,7 @@ async fn run_project(
             let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(
                 args.refresh
                     .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.reinstall.clone()))
-                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.upgrade.clone())),
+                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.resolver.upgrade.clone())),
             );
 
             let mut requirements = Vec::with_capacity(
@@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@ async fn run_project(
             let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(
                 args.refresh
                     .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.reinstall.clone()))
-                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.upgrade.clone())),
+                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.resolver.upgrade.clone())),
             );
 
             // Unwrap the script.
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ async fn run_project(
             let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(
                 args.refresh
                     .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.reinstall.clone()))
-                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.upgrade.clone())),
+                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.resolver.upgrade.clone())),
             );
 
             // If the script already exists, use it; otherwise, propagate the file path and we'll
@@ -1682,7 +1682,7 @@ async fn run_project(
             let cache = cache.init()?.with_refresh(
                 args.refresh
                     .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.reinstall.clone()))
-                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.upgrade.clone())),
+                    .combine(Refresh::from(args.settings.resolver.upgrade.clone())),
             );
 
             // Unwrap the script.
diff --git a/crates/uv/src/settings.rs b/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
index d98f0e918..c1053f5b9 100644
--- a/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/src/settings.rs
@@ -2404,40 +2404,21 @@ pub(crate) struct InstallerSettingsRef<'a> {
 #[allow(clippy::struct_excessive_bools)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub(crate) struct ResolverSettings {
+    pub(crate) build_options: BuildOptions,
+    pub(crate) config_setting: ConfigSettings,
+    pub(crate) dependency_metadata: DependencyMetadata,
+    pub(crate) exclude_newer: Option<ExcludeNewer>,
+    pub(crate) fork_strategy: ForkStrategy,
     pub(crate) index_locations: IndexLocations,
     pub(crate) index_strategy: IndexStrategy,
     pub(crate) keyring_provider: KeyringProviderType,
-    pub(crate) resolution: ResolutionMode,
-    pub(crate) prerelease: PrereleaseMode,
-    pub(crate) fork_strategy: ForkStrategy,
-    pub(crate) dependency_metadata: DependencyMetadata,
-    pub(crate) config_setting: ConfigSettings,
+    pub(crate) link_mode: LinkMode,
     pub(crate) no_build_isolation: bool,
     pub(crate) no_build_isolation_package: Vec<PackageName>,
-    pub(crate) exclude_newer: Option<ExcludeNewer>,
-    pub(crate) link_mode: LinkMode,
-    pub(crate) upgrade: Upgrade,
-    pub(crate) build_options: BuildOptions,
-    pub(crate) sources: SourceStrategy,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub(crate) struct ResolverSettingsRef<'a> {
-    pub(crate) index_locations: &'a IndexLocations,
-    pub(crate) index_strategy: IndexStrategy,
-    pub(crate) keyring_provider: KeyringProviderType,
-    pub(crate) resolution: ResolutionMode,
     pub(crate) prerelease: PrereleaseMode,
-    pub(crate) fork_strategy: ForkStrategy,
-    pub(crate) dependency_metadata: &'a DependencyMetadata,
-    pub(crate) config_setting: &'a ConfigSettings,
-    pub(crate) no_build_isolation: bool,
-    pub(crate) no_build_isolation_package: &'a [PackageName],
-    pub(crate) exclude_newer: Option<ExcludeNewer>,
-    pub(crate) link_mode: LinkMode,
-    pub(crate) upgrade: &'a Upgrade,
-    pub(crate) build_options: &'a BuildOptions,
+    pub(crate) resolution: ResolutionMode,
     pub(crate) sources: SourceStrategy,
+    pub(crate) upgrade: Upgrade,
 }
 
 impl ResolverSettings {
@@ -2452,26 +2433,6 @@ impl ResolverSettings {
 
         Self::from(options)
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn as_ref(&self) -> ResolverSettingsRef {
-        ResolverSettingsRef {
-            index_locations: &self.index_locations,
-            index_strategy: self.index_strategy,
-            keyring_provider: self.keyring_provider,
-            resolution: self.resolution,
-            prerelease: self.prerelease,
-            fork_strategy: self.fork_strategy,
-            dependency_metadata: &self.dependency_metadata,
-            config_setting: &self.config_setting,
-            no_build_isolation: self.no_build_isolation,
-            no_build_isolation_package: &self.no_build_isolation_package,
-            exclude_newer: self.exclude_newer,
-            link_mode: self.link_mode,
-            upgrade: &self.upgrade,
-            build_options: &self.build_options,
-            sources: self.sources,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl From<ResolverOptions> for ResolverSettings {
@@ -2525,27 +2486,6 @@ impl From<ResolverOptions> for ResolverSettings {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub(crate) struct ResolverInstallerSettingsRef<'a> {
-    pub(crate) index_locations: &'a IndexLocations,
-    pub(crate) index_strategy: IndexStrategy,
-    pub(crate) keyring_provider: KeyringProviderType,
-    pub(crate) resolution: ResolutionMode,
-    pub(crate) prerelease: PrereleaseMode,
-    pub(crate) fork_strategy: ForkStrategy,
-    pub(crate) dependency_metadata: &'a DependencyMetadata,
-    pub(crate) config_setting: &'a ConfigSettings,
-    pub(crate) no_build_isolation: bool,
-    pub(crate) no_build_isolation_package: &'a [PackageName],
-    pub(crate) exclude_newer: Option<ExcludeNewer>,
-    pub(crate) link_mode: LinkMode,
-    pub(crate) compile_bytecode: bool,
-    pub(crate) sources: SourceStrategy,
-    pub(crate) upgrade: &'a Upgrade,
-    pub(crate) reinstall: &'a Reinstall,
-    pub(crate) build_options: &'a BuildOptions,
-}
-
 /// The resolved settings to use for an invocation of the uv CLI with both resolver and installer
 /// capabilities.
 ///
@@ -2554,23 +2494,9 @@ pub(crate) struct ResolverInstallerSettingsRef<'a> {
 #[allow(clippy::struct_excessive_bools)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub(crate) struct ResolverInstallerSettings {
-    pub(crate) index_locations: IndexLocations,
-    pub(crate) index_strategy: IndexStrategy,
-    pub(crate) keyring_provider: KeyringProviderType,
-    pub(crate) resolution: ResolutionMode,
-    pub(crate) prerelease: PrereleaseMode,
-    pub(crate) fork_strategy: ForkStrategy,
-    pub(crate) dependency_metadata: DependencyMetadata,
-    pub(crate) config_setting: ConfigSettings,
-    pub(crate) no_build_isolation: bool,
-    pub(crate) no_build_isolation_package: Vec<PackageName>,
-    pub(crate) exclude_newer: Option<ExcludeNewer>,
-    pub(crate) link_mode: LinkMode,
+    pub(crate) resolver: ResolverSettings,
     pub(crate) compile_bytecode: bool,
-    pub(crate) sources: SourceStrategy,
-    pub(crate) upgrade: Upgrade,
     pub(crate) reinstall: Reinstall,
-    pub(crate) build_options: BuildOptions,
 }
 
 impl ResolverInstallerSettings {
@@ -2588,28 +2514,6 @@ impl ResolverInstallerSettings {
 
         Self::from(options)
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn as_ref(&self) -> ResolverInstallerSettingsRef {
-        ResolverInstallerSettingsRef {
-            index_locations: &self.index_locations,
-            index_strategy: self.index_strategy,
-            keyring_provider: self.keyring_provider,
-            resolution: self.resolution,
-            prerelease: self.prerelease,
-            fork_strategy: self.fork_strategy,
-            dependency_metadata: &self.dependency_metadata,
-            config_setting: &self.config_setting,
-            no_build_isolation: self.no_build_isolation,
-            no_build_isolation_package: &self.no_build_isolation_package,
-            exclude_newer: self.exclude_newer,
-            link_mode: self.link_mode,
-            compile_bytecode: self.compile_bytecode,
-            sources: self.sources,
-            upgrade: &self.upgrade,
-            reinstall: &self.reinstall,
-            build_options: &self.build_options,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl From<ResolverInstallerOptions> for ResolverInstallerSettings {
@@ -2631,39 +2535,44 @@ impl From<ResolverInstallerOptions> for ResolverInstallerSettings {
             value.no_index.unwrap_or_default(),
         );
         Self {
-            index_locations,
-            resolution: value.resolution.unwrap_or_default(),
-            prerelease: value.prerelease.unwrap_or_default(),
-            fork_strategy: value.fork_strategy.unwrap_or_default(),
-            dependency_metadata: DependencyMetadata::from_entries(
-                value.dependency_metadata.into_iter().flatten(),
-            ),
-            index_strategy: value.index_strategy.unwrap_or_default(),
-            keyring_provider: value.keyring_provider.unwrap_or_default(),
-            config_setting: value.config_settings.unwrap_or_default(),
-            no_build_isolation: value.no_build_isolation.unwrap_or_default(),
-            no_build_isolation_package: value.no_build_isolation_package.unwrap_or_default(),
-            exclude_newer: value.exclude_newer,
-            link_mode: value.link_mode.unwrap_or_default(),
-            sources: SourceStrategy::from_args(value.no_sources.unwrap_or_default()),
+            resolver: ResolverSettings {
+                build_options: BuildOptions::new(
+                    NoBinary::from_args(
+                        value.no_binary,
+                        value.no_binary_package.unwrap_or_default(),
+                    ),
+                    NoBuild::from_args(value.no_build, value.no_build_package.unwrap_or_default()),
+                ),
+                config_setting: value.config_settings.unwrap_or_default(),
+                dependency_metadata: DependencyMetadata::from_entries(
+                    value.dependency_metadata.into_iter().flatten(),
+                ),
+                exclude_newer: value.exclude_newer,
+                fork_strategy: value.fork_strategy.unwrap_or_default(),
+                index_locations,
+                index_strategy: value.index_strategy.unwrap_or_default(),
+                keyring_provider: value.keyring_provider.unwrap_or_default(),
+                link_mode: value.link_mode.unwrap_or_default(),
+                no_build_isolation: value.no_build_isolation.unwrap_or_default(),
+                no_build_isolation_package: value.no_build_isolation_package.unwrap_or_default(),
+                prerelease: value.prerelease.unwrap_or_default(),
+                resolution: value.resolution.unwrap_or_default(),
+                sources: SourceStrategy::from_args(value.no_sources.unwrap_or_default()),
+                upgrade: Upgrade::from_args(
+                    value.upgrade,
+                    value
+                        .upgrade_package
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .flatten()
+                        .map(Requirement::from)
+                        .collect(),
+                ),
+            },
             compile_bytecode: value.compile_bytecode.unwrap_or_default(),
-            upgrade: Upgrade::from_args(
-                value.upgrade,
-                value
-                    .upgrade_package
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .flatten()
-                    .map(Requirement::from)
-                    .collect(),
-            ),
             reinstall: Reinstall::from_args(
                 value.reinstall,
                 value.reinstall_package.unwrap_or_default(),
             ),
-            build_options: BuildOptions::new(
-                NoBinary::from_args(value.no_binary, value.no_binary_package.unwrap_or_default()),
-                NoBuild::from_args(value.no_build, value.no_build_package.unwrap_or_default()),
-            ),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -3028,44 +2937,22 @@ impl PipSettings {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> From<ResolverInstallerSettingsRef<'a>> for ResolverSettingsRef<'a> {
-    fn from(settings: ResolverInstallerSettingsRef<'a>) -> Self {
+impl<'a> From<&'a ResolverInstallerSettings> for InstallerSettingsRef<'a> {
+    fn from(settings: &'a ResolverInstallerSettings) -> Self {
         Self {
-            index_locations: settings.index_locations,
-            index_strategy: settings.index_strategy,
-            keyring_provider: settings.keyring_provider,
-            resolution: settings.resolution,
-            prerelease: settings.prerelease,
-            fork_strategy: settings.fork_strategy,
-            dependency_metadata: settings.dependency_metadata,
-            config_setting: settings.config_setting,
-            no_build_isolation: settings.no_build_isolation,
-            no_build_isolation_package: settings.no_build_isolation_package,
-            exclude_newer: settings.exclude_newer,
-            link_mode: settings.link_mode,
-            upgrade: settings.upgrade,
-            build_options: settings.build_options,
-            sources: settings.sources,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<ResolverInstallerSettingsRef<'a>> for InstallerSettingsRef<'a> {
-    fn from(settings: ResolverInstallerSettingsRef<'a>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            index_locations: settings.index_locations,
-            index_strategy: settings.index_strategy,
-            keyring_provider: settings.keyring_provider,
-            dependency_metadata: settings.dependency_metadata,
-            config_setting: settings.config_setting,
-            no_build_isolation: settings.no_build_isolation,
-            no_build_isolation_package: settings.no_build_isolation_package,
-            exclude_newer: settings.exclude_newer,
-            link_mode: settings.link_mode,
+            index_locations: &settings.resolver.index_locations,
+            index_strategy: settings.resolver.index_strategy,
+            keyring_provider: settings.resolver.keyring_provider,
+            dependency_metadata: &settings.resolver.dependency_metadata,
+            config_setting: &settings.resolver.config_setting,
+            no_build_isolation: settings.resolver.no_build_isolation,
+            no_build_isolation_package: &settings.resolver.no_build_isolation_package,
+            exclude_newer: settings.resolver.exclude_newer,
+            link_mode: settings.resolver.link_mode,
             compile_bytecode: settings.compile_bytecode,
-            reinstall: settings.reinstall,
-            build_options: settings.build_options,
-            sources: settings.sources,
+            reinstall: &settings.reinstall,
+            build_options: &settings.resolver.build_options,
+            sources: settings.resolver.sources,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs b/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
index 063482043..e57eb2693 100644
--- a/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv/tests/it/show_settings.rs
@@ -3114,34 +3114,36 @@ fn resolve_tool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             no_binary_package: None,
         },
         settings: ResolverInstallerSettings {
-            index_locations: IndexLocations {
-                indexes: [],
-                flat_index: [],
-                no_index: false,
+            resolver: ResolverSettings {
+                build_options: BuildOptions {
+                    no_binary: None,
+                    no_build: None,
+                },
+                config_setting: ConfigSettings(
+                    {},
+                ),
+                dependency_metadata: DependencyMetadata(
+                    {},
+                ),
+                exclude_newer: None,
+                fork_strategy: RequiresPython,
+                index_locations: IndexLocations {
+                    indexes: [],
+                    flat_index: [],
+                    no_index: false,
+                },
+                index_strategy: FirstIndex,
+                keyring_provider: Disabled,
+                link_mode: Clone,
+                no_build_isolation: false,
+                no_build_isolation_package: [],
+                prerelease: IfNecessaryOrExplicit,
+                resolution: LowestDirect,
+                sources: Enabled,
+                upgrade: None,
             },
-            index_strategy: FirstIndex,
-            keyring_provider: Disabled,
-            resolution: LowestDirect,
-            prerelease: IfNecessaryOrExplicit,
-            fork_strategy: RequiresPython,
-            dependency_metadata: DependencyMetadata(
-                {},
-            ),
-            config_setting: ConfigSettings(
-                {},
-            ),
-            no_build_isolation: false,
-            no_build_isolation_package: [],
-            exclude_newer: None,
-            link_mode: Clone,
             compile_bytecode: false,
-            sources: Enabled,
-            upgrade: None,
             reinstall: None,
-            build_options: BuildOptions {
-                no_binary: None,
-                no_build: None,
-            },
         },
         force: false,
         editable: false,