Add --python-platform to uv pip check (#15486)

## Summary

I want this to facilitate some testing for
https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/15035.

crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs

@@ -2373,6 +2373,27 @@ pub struct PipCheckArgs {
 
     #[arg(long, overrides_with("system"), hide = true)]
     pub no_system: bool,
+
+    /// The Python version against which packages should be checked.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the installed packages are checked against the version of the current
+    /// interpreter.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub python_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
+
+    /// The platform for which packages should be checked.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the installed packages are checked against the platform of the current
+    /// interpreter.
+    ///
+    /// Represented as a "target triple", a string that describes the target platform in terms of
+    /// its CPU, vendor, and operating system name, like `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu` or
+    /// `aarch64-apple-darwin`.
+    ///
+    /// When targeting macOS (Darwin), the default minimum version is `12.0`. Use
+    /// `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to specify a different minimum version, e.g., `13.0`.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub python_platform: Option<TargetTriple>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Args)]

crates/uv/src/commands/pip/check.rs

@@ -5,13 +5,16 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use owo_colors::OwoColorize;
 
 use uv_cache::Cache;
+use uv_configuration::TargetTriple;
 use uv_distribution_types::{Diagnostic, InstalledDist};
 use uv_installer::{SitePackages, SitePackagesDiagnostic};
 use uv_preview::Preview;
-use uv_python::PythonPreference;
-use uv_python::{EnvironmentPreference, PythonEnvironment, PythonRequest};
+use uv_python::{
+    EnvironmentPreference, PythonEnvironment, PythonPreference, PythonRequest, PythonVersion,
+};
 
 use crate::commands::pip::operations::report_target_environment;
+use crate::commands::pip::resolution_markers;
 use crate::commands::{ExitStatus, elapsed};
 use crate::printer::Printer;
 
@@ -19,6 +22,8 @@ use crate::printer::Printer;
 pub(crate) fn pip_check(
     python: Option<&str>,
     system: bool,
+    python_version: Option<&PythonVersion>,
+    python_platform: Option<&TargetTriple>,
     cache: &Cache,
     printer: Printer,
     preview: Preview,
@@ -53,7 +58,7 @@ pub(crate) fn pip_check(
     )?;
 
     // Determine the markers to use for resolution.
-    let markers = environment.interpreter().resolver_marker_environment();
+    let markers = resolution_markers(python_version, python_platform, environment.interpreter());
 
     // Run the diagnostics.
     let diagnostics: Vec<SitePackagesDiagnostic> =

crates/uv/src/lib.rs

@@ -916,6 +916,8 @@ async fn run(mut cli: Cli) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
             commands::pip_check(
                 args.settings.python.as_deref(),
                 args.settings.system,
+                args.python_version.as_ref(),
+                args.python_platform.as_ref(),
                 &cache,
                 printer,
                 globals.preview,

crates/uv/src/settings.rs

@@ -2589,6 +2589,8 @@ impl PipTreeSettings {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct PipCheckSettings {
     pub(crate) settings: PipSettings,
+    pub(crate) python_version: Option<PythonVersion>,
+    pub(crate) python_platform: Option<TargetTriple>,
 }
 
 impl PipCheckSettings {
@@ -2598,6 +2600,8 @@ impl PipCheckSettings {
             python,
             system,
             no_system,
+            python_version,
+            python_platform,
         } = args;
 
         Self {
@@ -2609,6 +2613,8 @@ impl PipCheckSettings {
                 },
                 filesystem,
             ),
+            python_version,
+            python_platform,
         }
     }
 }

crates/uv/tests/it/pip_check.rs

@@ -187,3 +187,36 @@ fn check_multiple_incompatible_packages() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn check_python_version() {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context
+        .pip_install()
+        .arg("urllib3")
+        .arg("--strict"), @r"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Resolved 1 package in [TIME]
+    Prepared 1 package in [TIME]
+    Installed 1 package in [TIME]
+     + urllib3==2.2.1
+    "
+    );
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.pip_check().arg("--python-version").arg("3.7"), @r"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 1
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Checked 1 package in [TIME]
+    Found 1 incompatibility
+    The package `urllib3` requires Python >=3.8, but `3.12.[X]` is installed
+    "
+    );
+}