Narrow requires-python requirement in resolver forks (#4707)

## Summary

Given:

```text
numpy >=1.26 ; python_version >= '3.9'
numpy <1.26 ; python_version < '3.9'
```

When resolving for Python 3.8, we need to narrow the `requires-python`
requirement in the top branch of the fork, because `numpy >=1.26` all
require Python 3.9 or later -- but we know (in that branch) that we only
need to _solve_ for Python 3.9 or later.

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/4669.

crates/pep440-rs/src/version_specifier.rs

@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ impl VersionSpecifier {
     }
 
     /// Returns a version specifier representing the given lower bound.
-    fn from_lower_bound(bound: &Bound<Version>) -> Option<VersionSpecifier> {
+    pub fn from_lower_bound(bound: &Bound<Version>) -> Option<VersionSpecifier> {
         match bound {
             Bound::Included(version) => Some(
                 VersionSpecifier::from_version(Operator::GreaterThanEqual, version.clone())
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ impl VersionSpecifier {
     }
 
     /// Returns a version specifier representing the given upper bound.
-    fn from_upper_bound(bound: &Bound<Version>) -> Option<VersionSpecifier> {
+    pub fn from_upper_bound(bound: &Bound<Version>) -> Option<VersionSpecifier> {
         match bound {
             Bound::Included(version) => Some(
                 VersionSpecifier::from_version(Operator::LessThanEqual, version.clone()).unwrap(),

crates/uv-resolver/src/lib.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub use preferences::{Preference, PreferenceError, Preferences};
 pub use prerelease_mode::PreReleaseMode;
 pub use pubgrub::{PubGrubSpecifier, PubGrubSpecifierError};
 pub use python_requirement::PythonRequirement;
-pub use requires_python::{RequiresPython, RequiresPythonError};
+pub use requires_python::{RequiresPython, RequiresPythonBound, RequiresPythonError};
 pub use resolution::{AnnotationStyle, DisplayResolutionGraph, ResolutionGraph};
 pub use resolution_mode::ResolutionMode;
 pub use resolver::{

crates/uv-resolver/src/marker.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::ops::Bound::{self, *};
 use std::ops::RangeBounds;
 
+use pubgrub::range::Range as PubGrubRange;
+
 use pep440_rs::{Operator, Version, VersionSpecifier};
 use pep508_rs::{
     ExtraName, ExtraOperator, MarkerExpression, MarkerOperator, MarkerTree, MarkerValueString,
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ use pep508_rs::{
 };
 
 use crate::pubgrub::PubGrubSpecifier;
-use pubgrub::range::Range as PubGrubRange;
+use crate::RequiresPythonBound;
 
 /// Returns `true` if there is no environment in which both marker trees can both apply, i.e.
 /// the expression `first and second` is always false.
@@ -80,6 +82,42 @@ fn string_is_disjoint(this: &MarkerExpression, other: &MarkerExpression) -> bool
     true
 }
 
+/// Returns the minimum Python version that can satisfy the [`MarkerTree`], if it's constrained.
+pub(crate) fn requires_python_marker(tree: &MarkerTree) -> Option<RequiresPythonBound> {
+    match tree {
+        MarkerTree::Expression(MarkerExpression::Version {
+            key: MarkerValueVersion::PythonFullVersion | MarkerValueVersion::PythonVersion,
+            specifier,
+        }) => {
+            let specifier = PubGrubSpecifier::try_from(specifier).ok()?;
+
+            // Convert to PubGrub range and perform a union.
+            let range = PubGrubRange::from(specifier);
+            let (lower, _) = range.iter().next()?;
+
+            // Extract the lower bound.
+            Some(RequiresPythonBound::new(lower.clone()))
+        }
+        MarkerTree::And(trees) => {
+            // Take the maximum of any nested expressions.
+            trees.iter().filter_map(requires_python_marker).max()
+        }
+        MarkerTree::Or(trees) => {
+            // If all subtrees have a bound, take the minimum.
+            let mut min_version = None;
+            for tree in trees {
+                let version = requires_python_marker(tree)?;
+                min_version = match min_version {
+                    Some(min_version) => Some(std::cmp::min(min_version, version)),
+                    None => Some(version),
+                };
+            }
+            min_version
+        }
+        MarkerTree::Expression(_) => None,
+    }
+}
+
 /// Normalizes this marker tree.
 ///
 /// This function does a number of operations to normalize a marker tree recursively:

crates/uv-resolver/src/pubgrub/package.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -17,9 +16,9 @@ impl Deref for PubGrubPackage {
     }
 }
 
-impl Display for PubGrubPackage {
+impl std::fmt::Display for PubGrubPackage {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        Display::fmt(&self.0, f)
+        std::fmt::Display::fmt(&self.0, f)
     }
 }
 

crates/uv-resolver/src/python_requirement.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use pep440_rs::VersionSpecifiers;
 use pep508_rs::{MarkerTree, StringVersion};
 use uv_toolchain::{Interpreter, PythonVersion};
 
-use crate::RequiresPython;
+use crate::{RequiresPython, RequiresPythonBound};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PythonRequirement {
@@ -49,6 +49,19 @@ impl PythonRequirement {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Narrow the [`PythonRequirement`] to the given version, if it's stricter (i.e., greater)
+    /// than the current `Requires-Python` minimum.
+    pub fn narrow(&self, target: &RequiresPythonBound) -> Option<Self> {
+        let Some(PythonTarget::RequiresPython(requires_python)) = self.target.as_ref() else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        let requires_python = requires_python.narrow(target)?;
+        Some(Self {
+            installed: self.installed.clone(),
+            target: Some(PythonTarget::RequiresPython(requires_python)),
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Return the installed version of Python.
     pub fn installed(&self) -> &StringVersion {
         &self.installed

crates/uv-resolver/src/requires_python.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::Bound;
+use std::ops::Deref;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use pubgrub::range::Range;
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ pub enum RequiresPythonError {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct RequiresPython {
     specifiers: VersionSpecifiers,
-    bound: Bound<Version>,
+    bound: RequiresPythonBound,
 }
 
 impl RequiresPython {
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ impl RequiresPython {
             specifiers: VersionSpecifiers::from(VersionSpecifier::greater_than_equal_version(
                 version.clone(),
             )),
-            bound: Bound::Included(version),
+            bound: RequiresPythonBound(Bound::Included(version)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -61,11 +63,13 @@ impl RequiresPython {
         };
 
         // Extract the lower bound.
-        let bound = range
+        let bound = RequiresPythonBound(
+            range
                 .iter()
                 .next()
                 .map(|(lower, _)| lower.clone())
-            .unwrap_or(Bound::Unbounded);
+                .unwrap_or(Bound::Unbounded),
+        );
 
         // Convert back to PEP 440 specifiers.
         let specifiers = range
@@ -76,6 +80,16 @@ impl RequiresPython {
         Ok(Some(Self { specifiers, bound }))
     }
 
+    /// Narrow the [`RequiresPython`] to the given version, if it's stricter (i.e., greater) than
+    /// the current target.
+    pub fn narrow(&self, target: &RequiresPythonBound) -> Option<Self> {
+        let target = VersionSpecifiers::from(VersionSpecifier::from_lower_bound(target)?);
+        Self::union(std::iter::once(&target))
+            .ok()
+            .flatten()
+            .filter(|next| next.bound > self.bound)
+    }
+
     /// Returns `true` if the `Requires-Python` is compatible with the given version.
     pub fn contains(&self, version: &Version) -> bool {
         self.specifiers.contains(version)
@@ -140,7 +154,7 @@ impl RequiresPython {
         // Alternatively, we could vary the semantics depending on whether or not the user included
         // a pre-release in their specifier, enforcing pre-release compatibility only if the user
         // explicitly requested it.
-        match (target, &self.bound) {
+        match (target, self.bound.as_ref()) {
             (Bound::Included(target_lower), Bound::Included(requires_python_lower)) => {
                 target_lower.release() <= requires_python_lower.release()
             }
@@ -166,9 +180,9 @@ impl RequiresPython {
         &self.specifiers
     }
 
-    /// Returns the lower [`Bound`] for the `Requires-Python` specifier.
+    /// Returns `true` if the `Requires-Python` specifier is unbounded.
-    pub fn bound(&self) -> &Bound<Version> {
+    pub fn is_unbounded(&self) -> bool {
-        &self.bound
+        self.bound.as_ref() == Bound::Unbounded
     }
 
     /// Returns this `Requires-Python` specifier as an equivalent marker
@@ -184,16 +198,14 @@ impl RequiresPython {
     /// returns a marker tree that evaluates to `true` for all possible marker
     /// environments.
     pub fn to_marker_tree(&self) -> MarkerTree {
-        let (op, version) = match self.bound {
+        let (op, version) = match self.bound.as_ref() {
             // If we see this anywhere, then it implies the marker
             // tree we would generate would always evaluate to
             // `true` because every possible Python version would
             // satisfy it.
             Bound::Unbounded => return MarkerTree::And(vec![]),
-            Bound::Excluded(ref version) => {
+            Bound::Excluded(version) => (Operator::GreaterThan, version.clone().without_local()),
-                (Operator::GreaterThan, version.clone().without_local())
+            Bound::Included(version) => {
-            }
-            Bound::Included(ref version) => {
                 (Operator::GreaterThanEqual, version.clone().without_local())
             }
         };
@@ -247,12 +259,50 @@ impl serde::Serialize for RequiresPython {
 impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for RequiresPython {
     fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
         let specifiers = VersionSpecifiers::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-        let bound = crate::pubgrub::PubGrubSpecifier::try_from(&specifiers)
+        let bound = RequiresPythonBound(
+            crate::pubgrub::PubGrubSpecifier::try_from(&specifiers)
                 .map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?
                 .iter()
                 .next()
                 .map(|(lower, _)| lower.clone())
-            .unwrap_or(Bound::Unbounded);
+                .unwrap_or(Bound::Unbounded),
+        );
         Ok(Self { specifiers, bound })
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub struct RequiresPythonBound(Bound<Version>);
+
+impl RequiresPythonBound {
+    pub fn new(bound: Bound<Version>) -> Self {
+        Self(bound)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for RequiresPythonBound {
+    type Target = Bound<Version>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for RequiresPythonBound {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for RequiresPythonBound {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        match (self.as_ref(), other.as_ref()) {
+            (Bound::Included(a), Bound::Included(b)) => a.cmp(b),
+            (Bound::Included(_), Bound::Excluded(_)) => Ordering::Less,
+            (Bound::Excluded(_), Bound::Included(_)) => Ordering::Greater,
+            (Bound::Excluded(a), Bound::Excluded(b)) => a.cmp(b),
+            (Bound::Unbounded, _) => Ordering::Less,
+            (_, Bound::Unbounded) => Ordering::Greater,
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/mod.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ use crate::dependency_provider::UvDependencyProvider;
 use crate::error::ResolveError;
 use crate::fork_urls::ForkUrls;
 use crate::manifest::Manifest;
-use crate::marker::normalize;
+use crate::marker::{normalize, requires_python_marker};
 use crate::pins::FilePins;
 use crate::preferences::Preferences;
 use crate::pubgrub::{
@@ -312,6 +312,14 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         visited: &mut FxHashSet<PackageName>,
         request_sink: Sender<Request>,
     ) -> Result<ResolutionGraph, ResolveError> {
+        debug!(
+            "Solving with installed Python version: {}",
+            self.python_requirement.installed()
+        );
+        if let Some(target) = self.python_requirement.target() {
+            debug!("Solving with target Python version: {}", target);
+        }
+
         let root = PubGrubPackage::from(PubGrubPackageInner::Root(self.project.clone()));
         let mut prefetcher = BatchPrefetcher::default();
         let state = ForkState {
@@ -322,23 +330,21 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             priorities: PubGrubPriorities::default(),
             added_dependencies: FxHashMap::default(),
             markers: MarkerTree::And(vec![]),
+            python_requirement: self.python_requirement.clone(),
+            requires_python: self.requires_python.clone(),
         };
         let mut preferences = self.preferences.clone();
         let mut forked_states = vec![state];
         let mut resolutions = vec![];
 
-        debug!(
-            "Solving with installed Python version: {}",
-            self.python_requirement.installed()
-        );
-        if let Some(target) = self.python_requirement.target() {
-            debug!("Solving with target Python version: {}", target);
-        }
-
         'FORK: while let Some(mut state) = forked_states.pop() {
             if !state.markers.is_universal() {
+                if let Some(requires_python) = state.requires_python.as_ref() {
+                    debug!("Solving split {} ({})", state.markers, requires_python);
+                } else {
                     debug!("Solving split {}", state.markers);
                 }
+            }
             let start = Instant::now();
             loop {
                 // Run unit propagation.
@@ -424,6 +430,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                     &mut state.pins,
                     &preferences,
                     &state.fork_urls,
+                    &state.python_requirement,
                     visited,
                     &request_sink,
                 )?;
@@ -502,6 +509,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                         &version,
                         &state.fork_urls,
                         &state.markers,
+                        state.requires_python.as_ref(),
                     )?;
                     match forked_deps {
                         ForkedDependencies::Unavailable(reason) => {
@@ -562,10 +570,29 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                                 if !is_last {
                                     cur_state = Some(forked_state.clone());
                                 }
+
                                 forked_state.markers.and(fork.markers);
                                 forked_state.markers = normalize(forked_state.markers)
                                     .unwrap_or(MarkerTree::And(Vec::new()));
 
+                                // If the fork contains a narrowed Python requirement, apply it.
+                                let python_requirement = requires_python_marker(
+                                    &forked_state.markers,
+                                )
+                                .and_then(|marker| forked_state.python_requirement.narrow(&marker));
+                                if let Some(python_requirement) = python_requirement {
+                                    if let Some(target) = python_requirement.target() {
+                                        debug!("Narrowed `requires-python` bound to: {target}");
+                                    }
+                                    forked_state.requires_python =
+                                        if forked_state.requires_python.is_some() {
+                                            python_requirement.to_marker_tree()
+                                        } else {
+                                            None
+                                        };
+                                    forked_state.python_requirement = python_requirement;
+                                }
+
                                 forked_state.add_package_version_dependencies(
                                     for_package.as_deref(),
                                     &version,
@@ -726,6 +753,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         pins: &mut FilePins,
         preferences: &Preferences,
         fork_urls: &ForkUrls,
+        python_requirement: &PythonRequirement,
         visited: &mut FxHashSet<PackageName>,
         request_sink: &Sender<Request>,
     ) -> Result<Option<ResolverVersion>, ResolveError> {
@@ -746,13 +774,14 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             | PubGrubPackageInner::Dev { name, .. }
             | PubGrubPackageInner::Package { name, .. } => {
                 if let Some(url) = package.name().and_then(|name| fork_urls.get(name)) {
-                    self.choose_version_url(name, range, url)
+                    self.choose_version_url(name, range, url, python_requirement)
                 } else {
                     self.choose_version_registry(
                         name,
                         range,
                         package,
                         preferences,
+                        python_requirement,
                         pins,
                         visited,
                         request_sink,
@@ -769,6 +798,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         name: &PackageName,
         range: &Range<Version>,
         url: &VerbatimParsedUrl,
+        python_requirement: &PythonRequirement,
     ) -> Result<Option<ResolverVersion>, ResolveError> {
         debug!(
             "Searching for a compatible version of {name} @ {} ({range})",
@@ -826,8 +856,9 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         }
 
         // The version is incompatible due to its Python requirement.
+        // STOPSHIP(charlie): Merge markers into `python_requirement`.
         if let Some(requires_python) = metadata.requires_python.as_ref() {
-            if let Some(target) = self.python_requirement.target() {
+            if let Some(target) = python_requirement.target() {
                 if !target.is_compatible_with(requires_python) {
                     return Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Unavailable(
                         version.clone(),
@@ -840,7 +871,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                     )));
                 }
             }
-            if !requires_python.contains(self.python_requirement.installed()) {
+            if !requires_python.contains(python_requirement.installed()) {
                 return Ok(Some(ResolverVersion::Unavailable(
                     version.clone(),
                     UnavailableVersion::IncompatibleDist(IncompatibleDist::Source(
@@ -864,6 +895,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         range: &Range<Version>,
         package: &PubGrubPackage,
         preferences: &Preferences,
+        python_requirement: &PythonRequirement,
         pins: &mut FilePins,
         visited: &mut FxHashSet<PackageName>,
         request_sink: &Sender<Request>,
@@ -932,7 +964,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                     .requires_python
                     .as_ref()
                     .and_then(|requires_python| {
-                        if let Some(target) = self.python_requirement.target() {
+                        if let Some(target) = python_requirement.target() {
                             if !target.is_compatible_with(requires_python) {
                                 return Some(IncompatibleDist::Source(
                                     IncompatibleSource::RequiresPython(
@@ -942,7 +974,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                                 ));
                             }
                         }
-                        if !requires_python.contains(self.python_requirement.installed()) {
+                        if !requires_python.contains(python_requirement.installed()) {
                             return Some(IncompatibleDist::Source(
                                 IncompatibleSource::RequiresPython(
                                     requires_python.clone(),
@@ -960,7 +992,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                     .requires_python
                     .as_ref()
                     .and_then(|requires_python| {
-                        if let Some(target) = self.python_requirement.target() {
+                        if let Some(target) = python_requirement.target() {
                             if !target.is_compatible_with(requires_python) {
                                 return Some(IncompatibleDist::Wheel(
                                     IncompatibleWheel::RequiresPython(
@@ -970,7 +1002,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                                 ));
                             }
                         } else {
-                            if !requires_python.contains(self.python_requirement.installed()) {
+                            if !requires_python.contains(python_requirement.installed()) {
                                 return Some(IncompatibleDist::Wheel(
                                     IncompatibleWheel::RequiresPython(
                                         requires_python.clone(),
@@ -1034,8 +1066,9 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         version: &Version,
         fork_urls: &ForkUrls,
         markers: &MarkerTree,
+        requires_python: Option<&MarkerTree>,
     ) -> Result<ForkedDependencies, ResolveError> {
-        let result = self.get_dependencies(package, version, fork_urls, markers);
+        let result = self.get_dependencies(package, version, fork_urls, markers, requires_python);
         if self.markers.is_some() {
             return result.map(|deps| match deps {
                 Dependencies::Available(deps) => ForkedDependencies::Unforked(deps),
@@ -1053,6 +1086,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         version: &Version,
         fork_urls: &ForkUrls,
         markers: &MarkerTree,
+        requires_python: Option<&MarkerTree>,
     ) -> Result<Dependencies, ResolveError> {
         let url = package.name().and_then(|name| fork_urls.get(name));
         let dependencies = match &**package {
@@ -1065,6 +1099,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                     None,
                     None,
                     markers,
+                    requires_python,
                 );
 
                 requirements
@@ -1193,6 +1228,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                     dev.as_ref(),
                     Some(name),
                     markers,
+                    requires_python,
                 );
 
                 let mut dependencies = requirements
@@ -1313,6 +1349,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         dev: Option<&'a GroupName>,
         name: Option<&PackageName>,
         markers: &'a MarkerTree,
+        requires_python: Option<&'a MarkerTree>,
     ) -> Vec<Cow<'a, Requirement>> {
         // Start with the requirements for the current extra of the package (for an extra
         // requirement) or the non-extra (regular) dependencies (if extra is None), plus
@@ -1323,7 +1360,12 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             Either::Right(dependencies.iter())
         };
         let mut requirements = self
-            .requirements_for_extra(regular_and_dev_dependencies, extra, markers)
+            .requirements_for_extra(
+                regular_and_dev_dependencies,
+                extra,
+                markers,
+                requires_python,
+            )
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         // Check if there are recursive self inclusions and we need to go into the expensive branch.
@@ -1346,7 +1388,9 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             if !seen.insert(extra.clone()) {
                 continue;
             }
-            for requirement in self.requirements_for_extra(dependencies, Some(&extra), markers) {
+            for requirement in
+                self.requirements_for_extra(dependencies, Some(&extra), markers, requires_python)
+            {
                 if name == Some(&requirement.name) {
                     // Add each transitively included extra.
                     queue.extend(requirement.extras.iter().cloned());
@@ -1370,6 +1414,7 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
         dependencies: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'data Requirement> + 'parameters,
         extra: Option<&'parameters ExtraName>,
         markers: &'parameters MarkerTree,
+        requires_python: Option<&'parameters MarkerTree>,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Cow<'data, Requirement>> + 'parameters
     where
         'data: 'parameters,
@@ -1379,12 +1424,12 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
             .filter(move |requirement| {
                 // If the requirement would not be selected with any Python version
                 // supported by the root, skip it.
-                if !satisfies_requires_python(self.requires_python.as_ref(), requirement) {
+                if !satisfies_requires_python(requires_python, requirement) {
                     trace!(
                         "skipping {requirement} because of Requires-Python {requires_python}",
                         // OK because this filter only applies when there is a present
                         // Requires-Python specifier.
-                        requires_python = self.requires_python.as_ref().unwrap()
+                        requires_python = requires_python.unwrap()
                     );
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -1428,10 +1473,10 @@ impl<InstalledPackages: InstalledPackagesProvider> ResolverState<InstalledPackag
                         .into_iter()
                         .flatten()
                         .filter(move |constraint| {
-                            if !satisfies_requires_python(self.requires_python.as_ref(), constraint) {
+                            if !satisfies_requires_python(requires_python, constraint) {
                                 trace!(
                                     "skipping {constraint} because of Requires-Python {requires_python}",
-                                    requires_python = self.requires_python.as_ref().unwrap()
+                                    requires_python = requires_python.unwrap()
                                 );
                                 return false;
                             }
@@ -1793,6 +1838,21 @@ struct ForkState {
     /// that the marker expression that provoked the fork is true), then that
     /// dependency is completely ignored.
     markers: MarkerTree,
+    /// The Python requirement for this fork. Defaults to the Python requirement for
+    /// the resolution, but may be narrowed if a `python_version` marker is present
+    /// in a given fork.
+    ///
+    /// For example, in:
+    /// ```text
+    /// numpy >=1.26 ; python_version >= "3.9"
+    /// numpy <1.26 ; python_version < "3.9"
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// The top fork has a narrower Python compatibility range, and thus can find a
+    /// solution that omits Python 3.8 support.
+    python_requirement: PythonRequirement,
+    /// The [`MarkerTree`] corresponding to the [`PythonRequirement`].
+    requires_python: Option<MarkerTree>,
 }
 
 impl ForkState {

crates/uv/src/commands/project/lock.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::collections::Bound;
-
 use anstream::eprint;
 
 use distribution_types::UnresolvedRequirementSpecification;
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ pub(super) async fn do_lock(
     let requires_python = find_requires_python(workspace)?;
 
     let requires_python = if let Some(requires_python) = requires_python {
-        if matches!(requires_python.bound(), Bound::Unbounded) {
+        if requires_python.is_unbounded() {
             let default =
                 RequiresPython::greater_than_equal_version(interpreter.python_minor_version());
             warn_user!("The workspace `requires-python` field does not contain a lower bound: `{requires_python}`. Set a lower bound to indicate the minimum compatible Python version (e.g., `{default}`).");

crates/uv/tests/pip_compile.rs

@@ -6564,6 +6564,41 @@ fn universal_multi_version() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Perform a universal resolution that requires narrowing the supported Python range in one of the
+/// fork branches.
+#[test]
+fn universal_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+    let requirements_in = context.temp_dir.child("requirements.in");
+    requirements_in.write_str(indoc::indoc! {r"
+        numpy >=1.26 ; python_version >= '3.9'
+        numpy <1.26 ; python_version < '3.9'
+    "})?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), windows_filters=false, context.pip_compile()
+            .arg("requirements.in")
+            .arg("-p")
+            .arg("3.8")
+            .arg("--universal"), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
+    #    uv pip compile --cache-dir [CACHE_DIR] requirements.in -p 3.8 --universal
+    numpy==1.24.4 ; python_version < '3.9'
+        # via -r requirements.in
+    numpy==1.26.4 ; python_version >= '3.9'
+        # via -r requirements.in
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    warning: The requested Python version 3.8 is not available; 3.12.[X] will be used to build dependencies instead.
+    Resolved 2 packages in [TIME]
+    "###
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Resolve a package from a `requirements.in` file, with a `constraints.txt` file pinning one of
 /// its transitive dependencies to a specific version.
 #[test]