feat: add support for --no-extra flag and setting (#9387)

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## Summary

Resolves #9333  

This pull request introduces support for the `--no-extra` command-line
flag and the corresponding `no-extra` UV setting.

### Behavior
- When `--all-extras` is supplied, the specified extras in `--no-extra`
will be excluded from the installation.
- If `--all-extras` is not supplied, `--no-extra` has no effect and is
safely ignored.

## Test Plan

Since `ExtrasSpecification::from_args` and
`ExtrasSpecification::extra_names` are the most important parts in the
implementation, I added the following tests in the
`uv-configuration/src/extras.rs` module:

- **`test_no_extra_full`**: Verifies behavior when `no_extra` includes
the entire list of extras.
- **`test_no_extra_partial`**: Tests partial exclusion, ensuring only
specified extras are excluded.
- **`test_no_extra_empty`**: Confirms that no extras are excluded if
`no_extra` is empty.
- **`test_no_extra_excessive`**: Ensures the implementation ignores
`no_extra` values that don't match any available extras.
- **`test_no_extra_without_all_extras`**: Validates that `no_extra` has
no effect when `--all-extras` is not supplied.
- **`test_no_extra_without_package_extras`**: Confirms correct behavior
when no extras are available in the package.
- **`test_no_extra_duplicates`**: Verifies that duplicate entries in
`pkg_extras` or `no_extra` do not cause errors.

---------

Co-authored-by: Charlie Marsh <charlie.r.marsh@gmail.com>

crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/requirements_txt.rs

@@ -77,18 +77,8 @@ impl<'lock> RequirementsTxtExport<'lock> {
 
                 // Push its dependencies on the queue.
                 queue.push_back((dist, None));
-                match extras {
-                    ExtrasSpecification::None => {}
-                    ExtrasSpecification::All => {
-                        for extra in dist.optional_dependencies.keys() {
-                            queue.push_back((dist, Some(extra)));
-                        }
-                    }
-                    ExtrasSpecification::Some(extras) => {
-                        for extra in extras {
-                            queue.push_back((dist, Some(extra)));
-                        }
-                    }
+                for extra in extras.extra_names(dist.optional_dependencies.keys()) {
+                    queue.push_back((dist, Some(extra)));
                 }
             }
 

crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/target.rs

@@ -193,18 +193,8 @@ impl<'env> InstallTarget<'env> {
             if dev.prod() {
                 // Push its dependencies on the queue.
                 queue.push_back((dist, None));
-                match extras {
-                    ExtrasSpecification::None => {}
-                    ExtrasSpecification::All => {
-                        for extra in dist.optional_dependencies.keys() {
-                            queue.push_back((dist, Some(extra)));
-                        }
-                    }
-                    ExtrasSpecification::Some(extras) => {
-                        for extra in extras {
-                            queue.push_back((dist, Some(extra)));
-                        }
-                    }
+                for extra in extras.extra_names(dist.optional_dependencies.keys()) {
+                    queue.push_back((dist, Some(extra)));
                 }
             }