ruff/crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/callable_instance.md

Callable instance

Dunder call

class Multiplier:
    def __init__(self, factor: int):
        self.factor = factor

    def __call__(self, number: int) -> int:
        return number * self.factor

a = Multiplier(2)(3)
reveal_type(a)  # revealed: int

class Unit: ...

b = Unit()(3.0)  # error: "Object of type `Unit` is not callable"
reveal_type(b)  # revealed: Unknown

Possibly unbound __call__ method

def _(flag: bool):
    class PossiblyNotCallable:
        if flag:
            def __call__(self) -> int:
                return 1

    a = PossiblyNotCallable()
    result = a()  # error: "Object of type `PossiblyNotCallable` is not callable (possibly unbound `__call__` method)"
    reveal_type(result)  # revealed: int

Possibly unbound callable

def _(flag: bool):
    if flag:
        class PossiblyUnbound:
            def __call__(self) -> int:
                return 1

    # error: [possibly-unresolved-reference]
    a = PossiblyUnbound()
    reveal_type(a())  # revealed: int

Non-callable __call__

class NonCallable:
    __call__ = 1

a = NonCallable()
# error: [call-non-callable] "Object of type `Literal[1]` is not callable"
reveal_type(a())  # revealed: Unknown

Possibly non-callable __call__

def _(flag: bool):
    class NonCallable:
        if flag:
            __call__ = 1
        else:
            def __call__(self) -> int:
                return 1

    a = NonCallable()
    # error: [call-non-callable] "Object of type `Literal[1]` is not callable"
    reveal_type(a())  # revealed: Unknown | int

Call binding errors

Wrong argument type

class C:
    def __call__(self, x: int) -> int:
        return 1

c = C()

# error: 15 [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to this function is incorrect: Expected `int`, found `Literal["foo"]`"
reveal_type(c("foo"))  # revealed: int

Wrong argument type on self

class C:
    # TODO this definition should also be an error; `C` must be assignable to type of `self`
    def __call__(self: int) -> int:
        return 1

c = C()

# error: 13 [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to this function is incorrect: Expected `int`, found `C`"
reveal_type(c())  # revealed: int

Union over callables

Possibly unbound __call__

def outer(cond1: bool):
    class Test:
        if cond1:
            def __call__(self): ...

    class Other:
        def __call__(self): ...

    def inner(cond2: bool):
        if cond2:
            a = Test()
        else:
            a = Other()

            # error: [call-non-callable] "Object of type `Test` is not callable (possibly unbound `__call__` method)"
        a()