ruff/crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/call/builtins.md
Dhruv Manilawala 22177e6915
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[ty] Surface matched overload diagnostic directly (#18452)
## Summary

This PR resolves the way diagnostics are reported for an invalid call to
an overloaded function.

If any of the steps in the overload call evaluation algorithm yields a
matching overload but it's type checking that failed, the
`no-matching-overload` diagnostic is incorrect because there is a
matching overload, it's the arguments passed that are invalid as per the
signature. So, this PR improves that by surfacing the diagnostics on the
matching overload directly.

It also provides additional context, specifically the matching overload
where this error occurred and other non-matching overloads. Consider the
following example:

```py
from typing import overload


@overload
def f() -> None: ...
@overload
def f(x: int) -> int: ...
@overload
def f(x: int, y: int) -> int: ...
def f(x: int | None = None, y: int | None = None) -> int | None:
    return None


f("a")
```

We get:

<img width="857" alt="Screenshot 2025-06-18 at 11 07 10"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8dbcaf13-2a74-4661-aa94-1225c9402ea6"
/>


## Test Plan

Update test cases, resolve existing todos and validate the updated
snapshots.
2025-06-20 08:36:49 +05:30

2.9 KiB

Calling builtins

bool with incorrect arguments

class NotBool:
    __bool__ = None

# error: [too-many-positional-arguments] "Too many positional arguments to class `bool`: expected 1, got 2"
bool(1, 2)

# TODO: We should emit an `unsupported-bool-conversion` error here because the argument doesn't implement `__bool__` correctly.
bool(NotBool())

Calls to type()

A single-argument call to type() returns an object that has the argument's meta-type. (This is tested more extensively in crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/attributes.md, alongside the tests for the __class__ attribute.)

reveal_type(type(1))  # revealed: <class 'int'>

But a three-argument call to type creates a dynamic instance of the type class:

class Base: ...

reveal_type(type("Foo", (), {}))  # revealed: type

reveal_type(type("Foo", (Base,), {"attr": 1}))  # revealed: type

Other numbers of arguments are invalid

# error: [no-matching-overload] "No overload of class `type` matches arguments"
type("Foo", ())

# error: [no-matching-overload] "No overload of class `type` matches arguments"
type("Foo", (), {}, weird_other_arg=42)

The following calls are also invalid, due to incorrect argument types:

class Base: ...

# error: [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to class `type` is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `Literal[b"Foo"]`"
type(b"Foo", (), {})

# error: [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to class `type` is incorrect: Expected `tuple[type, ...]`, found `<class 'Base'>`"
type("Foo", Base, {})

# error: [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to class `type` is incorrect: Expected `tuple[type, ...]`, found `tuple[Literal[1], Literal[2]]`"
type("Foo", (1, 2), {})

# TODO: this should be an error
type("Foo", (Base,), {b"attr": 1})

Calls to str()

Valid calls

str()
str("")
str(b"")
str(1)
str(object=1)

str(b"M\xc3\xbcsli", "utf-8")
str(b"M\xc3\xbcsli", "utf-8", "replace")

str(b"M\x00\xfc\x00s\x00l\x00i\x00", encoding="utf-16")
str(b"M\x00\xfc\x00s\x00l\x00i\x00", encoding="utf-16", errors="ignore")

str(bytearray.fromhex("4d c3 bc 73 6c 69"), "utf-8")
str(bytearray(), "utf-8")

str(encoding="utf-8", object=b"M\xc3\xbcsli")
str(b"", errors="replace")
str(encoding="utf-8")
str(errors="replace")

Invalid calls

# error: [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to class `str` is incorrect: Expected `bytes | bytearray`, found `Literal[1]`"
# error: [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to class `str` is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `Literal[2]`"
str(1, 2)

# error: [no-matching-overload]
str(o=1)

# First argument is not a bytes-like object:
# error: [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to class `str` is incorrect: Expected `bytes | bytearray`, found `Literal["Müsli"]`"
str("Müsli", "utf-8")

# Second argument is not a valid encoding:
# error: [invalid-argument-type] "Argument to class `str` is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `Literal[b"utf-8"]`"
str(b"M\xc3\xbcsli", b"utf-8")