Update Rust crate reqwest to v0.12.22 (#14475 )

This PR contains the following updates: | Package | Type | Update | Change | |---|---|---|---| | [reqwest](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest) | workspace.dependencies | patch | `=0.12.15` -> `=0.12.22` | --- > [!WARNING] > Some dependencies could not be looked up. Check the Dependency Dashboard for more information. --- ### Release Notes <details> <summary>seanmonstar/reqwest (reqwest)</summary> ### [`v0.12.22`](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/blob/HEAD/CHANGELOG.md#v01222) [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/compare/v0.12.21...v0.12.22) - Fix socks proxies when resolving IPv6 destinations. ### [`v0.12.21`](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/blob/HEAD/CHANGELOG.md#v01221) [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/compare/v0.12.20...v0.12.21) - Fix socks proxy to use `socks4a://` instead of `socks4h://`. - Fix `Error::is_timeout()` to check for hyper and IO timeouts too. - Fix request `Error` to again include URLs when possible. - Fix socks connect error to include more context. - (wasm) implement `Default` for `Body`. ### [`v0.12.20`](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/blob/HEAD/CHANGELOG.md#v01220) [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/compare/v0.12.19...v0.12.20) - Add `ClientBuilder::tcp_user_timeout(Duration)` option to set `TCP_USER_TIMEOUT`. - Fix proxy headers only using the first matched proxy. - (wasm) Fix re-adding `Error::is_status()`. ### [`v0.12.19`](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/blob/HEAD/CHANGELOG.md#v01219) [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/compare/v0.12.18...v0.12.19) - Fix redirect that changes the method to GET should remove payload headers. - Fix redirect to only check the next scheme if the policy action is to follow. - (wasm) Fix compilation error if `cookies` feature is enabled (by the way, it's a noop feature in wasm). ### [`v0.12.18`](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/blob/HEAD/CHANGELOG.md#v01218) [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/compare/v0.12.17...v0.12.18) - Fix compilation when `socks` enabled without TLS. ### [`v0.12.17`](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/blob/HEAD/CHANGELOG.md#v01217) [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/compare/v0.12.16...v0.12.17) - Fix compilation on macOS. ### [`v0.12.16`](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/blob/HEAD/CHANGELOG.md#v01216) [Compare Source](https://redirect.github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest/compare/v0.12.15...v0.12.16) - Add `ClientBuilder::http3_congestion_bbr()` to enable BBR congestion control. - Add `ClientBuilder::http3_send_grease()` to configure whether to send use QUIC grease. - Add `ClientBuilder::http3_max_field_section_size()` to configure the maximum response headers. - Add `ClientBuilder::tcp_keepalive_interval()` to configure TCP probe interval. - Add `ClientBuilder::tcp_keepalive_retries()` to configure TCP probe count. - Add `Proxy::headers()` to add extra headers that should be sent to a proxy. - Fix `redirect::Policy::limit()` which had an off-by-1 error, allowing 1 more redirect than specified. - Fix HTTP/3 to support streaming request bodies. - (wasm) Fix null bodies when calling `Response::bytes_stream()`. </details> --- ### Configuration 📅 **Schedule**: Branch creation - "before 4am on Monday" (UTC), Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined). 🚦 **Automerge**: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied. ♻ **Rebasing**: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox. 🔕 **Ignore**: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update again. --- - [ ] If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check this box --- This PR was generated by [Mend Renovate](https://mend.io/renovate/). View the [repository job log](https://developer.mend.io/github/astral-sh/uv).  --- Closes #14243 --------- Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: konstin <konstin@mailbox.org>
Move fragment preservation test to directly test our redirect handling logic (#14480 )
2025-07-07 13:25:00 +00:00 · 2025-07-07 13:39:57 +02:00 · 2025-07-07 12:51:21 +02:00 · 2025-07-07 11:31:31 +02:00 · 2025-07-07 10:36:26 +02:00 · 2025-07-07 10:04:50 +02:00
164 changed files with 6914 additions and 2993 deletions
--- a/.config/nextest.toml
+++ b/.config/nextest.toml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 [profile.default]
 # Mark tests that take longer than 10s as slow.
-# Terminate after 90s as a stop-gap measure to terminate on deadlock.
-slow-timeout =  { period = "10s", terminate-after = 9 }
+# Terminate after 120s as a stop-gap measure to terminate on deadlock.
+slow-timeout =  { period = "10s", terminate-after = 12 }
--- a/.github/workflows/build-binaries.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-binaries.yml
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: "Prep README.md"
        run: python scripts/transform_readme.py --target pypi
      - name: "Build sdist"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          command: sdist
          args: --out dist
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build sdist uv-build"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          command: sdist
          args: --out crates/uv-build/dist -m crates/uv-build/Cargo.toml
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels - x86_64"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: x86_64
          args: --release --locked --out dist --features self-update
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build - x86_64"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: x86_64
          args: --profile minimal-size --locked --out crates/uv-build/dist -m crates/uv-build/Cargo.toml
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels - aarch64"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: aarch64
          args: --release --locked --out dist --features self-update
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build - aarch64"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: aarch64
          args: --profile minimal-size --locked --out crates/uv-build/dist -m crates/uv-build/Cargo.toml
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          args: --release --locked --out dist --features self-update,windows-gui-bin
@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          args: --profile minimal-size --locked --out crates/uv-build/dist -m crates/uv-build/Cargo.toml
@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
          # Generally, we try to build in a target docker container. In this case however, a
@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
          manylinux: auto
@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          # On `aarch64`, use `manylinux: 2_28`; otherwise, use `manylinux: auto`.
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          # On `aarch64`, use `manylinux: 2_28`; otherwise, use `manylinux: auto`.
@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          manylinux: auto
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          manylinux: auto
@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          manylinux: auto
@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          manylinux: auto
@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          manylinux: auto
@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          manylinux: auto
@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
          manylinux: musllinux_1_1
@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels uv-build"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
          manylinux: musllinux_1_1
@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          manylinux: musllinux_1_1
@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ jobs:

      # uv-build
      - name: "Build wheels"
-        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@44479ae1b6b1a57f561e03add8832e62c185eb17 # v1.48.1
+        uses: PyO3/maturin-action@e10f6c464b90acceb5f640d31beda6d586ba7b4a # v1.49.3
        with:
          target: ${{ matrix.platform.target }}
          manylinux: musllinux_1_1
--- a/.github/workflows/build-docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-docker.yml
@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ jobs:
    name: plan
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
+      login: ${{ steps.plan.outputs.login }}
      push: ${{ steps.plan.outputs.push }}
      tag: ${{ steps.plan.outputs.tag }}
      action: ${{ steps.plan.outputs.action }}
@ -53,13 +54,16 @@ jobs:
        env:
          DRY_RUN: ${{ inputs.plan == '' || fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag_is_implicit }}
          TAG: ${{ inputs.plan != '' && fromJson(inputs.plan).announcement_tag }}
+          IS_LOCAL_PR: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == 'astral-sh/uv' }}
        id: plan
        run: |
          if [ "${{ env.DRY_RUN }}" == "false" ]; then
+            echo "login=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
            echo "push=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
            echo "tag=${{ env.TAG }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
            echo "action=build and publish" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
          else
+            echo "login=${{ env.IS_LOCAL_PR }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
            echo "push=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
            echo "tag=dry-run" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
            echo "action=build" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
@ -90,6 +94,7 @@ jobs:

      # Login to DockerHub (when not pushing, it's to avoid rate-limiting)
      - uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+        if: ${{ needs.docker-plan.outputs.login == 'true' }}
        with:
          username: ${{ needs.docker-plan.outputs.push == 'true' && 'astral' || 'astralshbot' }}
          password: ${{ needs.docker-plan.outputs.push == 'true' && secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN_RW || secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN_RO }}
@ -132,7 +137,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build and push by digest
        id: build
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@636daae76684e38c301daa0c5eca1c095b24e780 # v1.14.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@2583627a84956d07561420dcc1d0eb1f2af3fac0 # v1.15.0
        with:
          project: 7hd4vdzmw5 # astral-sh/uv
          context: .
@ -195,6 +200,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      # Login to DockerHub (when not pushing, it's to avoid rate-limiting)
      - uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+        if: ${{ needs.docker-plan.outputs.login == 'true' }}
        with:
          username: ${{ needs.docker-plan.outputs.push == 'true' && 'astral' || 'astralshbot' }}
          password: ${{ needs.docker-plan.outputs.push == 'true' && secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN_RW || secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN_RO }}
@ -261,7 +267,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build and push
        id: build-and-push
-        uses: depot/build-push-action@636daae76684e38c301daa0c5eca1c095b24e780 # v1.14.0
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@2583627a84956d07561420dcc1d0eb1f2af3fac0 # v1.15.0
        with:
          context: .
          project: 7hd4vdzmw5 # astral-sh/uv
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ jobs:
        run: rustup component add rustfmt

      - name: "Install uv"
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f0ec1fc3b38f5e7cd731bb6ce540c5af426746bb # v6.1.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1

      - name: "rustfmt"
        run: cargo fmt --all --check
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ jobs:
    name: "cargo clippy | ubuntu"
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
        with:
          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
      - name: "Check uv_build dependencies"
@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          Copy-Item -Path "${{ github.workspace }}" -Destination "${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}" -Recurse

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
        with:
          workspaces: ${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}

@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ jobs:
    name: "cargo dev generate-all"
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
        with:
          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
      - name: "Generate all"
@ -208,12 +208,12 @@ jobs:

      - uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0

      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
        run: rustup show

-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f0ec1fc3b38f5e7cd731bb6ce540c5af426746bb # v6.1.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
      - name: "Install required Python versions"
        run: uv python install

@ -240,12 +240,12 @@ jobs:

      - uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0

      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
        run: rustup show

-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f0ec1fc3b38f5e7cd731bb6ce540c5af426746bb # v6.1.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
      - name: "Install required Python versions"
        run: uv python install

@ -279,11 +279,11 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          Copy-Item -Path "${{ github.workspace }}" -Destination "${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}" -Recurse

-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f0ec1fc3b38f5e7cd731bb6ce540c5af426746bb # v6.1.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
      - name: "Install required Python versions"
        run: uv python install

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
        with:
          workspaces: ${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}

@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          Copy-Item -Path "${{ github.workspace }}" -Destination "${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}" -Recurse

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
        with:
          workspaces: ${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}/crates/uv-trampoline

@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Copy Git Repo to Dev Drive
        run: |
          Copy-Item -Path "${{ github.workspace }}" -Destination "${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}" -Recurse
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
        with:
          workspaces: ${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}/crates/uv-trampoline
      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f0ec1fc3b38f5e7cd731bb6ce540c5af426746bb # v6.1.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
      - name: "Add SSH key"
        if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: "Build docs (insiders)"
        if: ${{ env.MKDOCS_INSIDERS_SSH_KEY_EXISTS == 'true' }}
-        run: uvx --with-requirements docs/requirements.txt mkdocs build --strict -f mkdocs.insiders.yml
+        run: uvx --with-requirements docs/requirements-insiders.txt mkdocs build --strict -f mkdocs.insiders.yml

  build-binary-linux-libc:
    timeout-minutes: 10
@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ jobs:

      - uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0

      - name: "Build"
        run: cargo build
@ -470,6 +470,31 @@ jobs:
            ./target/debug/uvx
          retention-days: 1

+  build-binary-linux-aarch64:
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    needs: determine_changes
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'no-test') && (needs.determine_changes.outputs.code == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/main') }}
+    runs-on: github-ubuntu-24.04-aarch64-4
+    name: "build binary | linux aarch64"
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
+
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
+
+      - name: "Build"
+        run: cargo build
+
+      - name: "Upload binary"
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: uv-linux-aarch64-${{ github.sha }}
+          path: |
+            ./target/debug/uv
+            ./target/debug/uvx
+          retention-days: 1
+
  build-binary-linux-musl:
    timeout-minutes: 10
    needs: determine_changes
@ -486,7 +511,7 @@ jobs:
          sudo apt-get install musl-tools
          rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-musl

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0

      - name: "Build"
        run: cargo build --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --bin uv --bin uvx
@ -511,7 +536,7 @@ jobs:

      - uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
      - name: "Build"
        run: cargo build --bin uv --bin uvx

@ -535,7 +560,7 @@ jobs:

      - uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
      - name: "Build"
        run: cargo build --bin uv --bin uvx

@ -565,7 +590,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          Copy-Item -Path "${{ github.workspace }}" -Destination "${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}" -Recurse

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
        with:
          workspaces: ${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}

@ -600,7 +625,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          Copy-Item -Path "${{ github.workspace }}" -Destination "${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}" -Recurse

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
        with:
          workspaces: ${{ env.UV_WORKSPACE }}

@ -637,7 +662,7 @@ jobs:
        run: rustup default ${{ steps.msrv.outputs.value }}
      - name: "Install mold"
        uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
      - run: cargo +${{ steps.msrv.outputs.value }} build
      - run: ./target/debug/uv --version

@ -650,7 +675,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0
      - name: "Cross build"
        run: |
          # Install cross from `freebsd-firecracker`
@ -661,7 +686,7 @@ jobs:
          cross build --target x86_64-unknown-freebsd

      - name: Test in Firecracker VM
-        uses: acj/freebsd-firecracker-action@6c57bda7113c2f137ef00d54512d61ae9d64365b # v0.5.0
+        uses: acj/freebsd-firecracker-action@136ca0bce2adade21e526ceb07db643ad23dd2dd # v0.5.1
        with:
          verbose: false
          checkout: false
@ -770,6 +795,33 @@ jobs:
          eval "$(./uv generate-shell-completion bash)"
          eval "$(./uvx --generate-shell-completion bash)"

+  smoke-test-linux-aarch64:
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    needs: build-binary-linux-aarch64
+    name: "smoke test | linux aarch64"
+    runs-on: github-ubuntu-24.04-aarch64-2
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - name: "Download binary"
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          name: uv-linux-aarch64-${{ github.sha }}
+
+      - name: "Prepare binary"
+        run: |
+          chmod +x ./uv
+          chmod +x ./uvx
+
+      - name: "Smoke test"
+        run: |
+          ./uv run scripts/smoke-test
+
+      - name: "Test shell completions"
+        run: |
+          eval "$(./uv generate-shell-completion bash)"
+          eval "$(./uvx --generate-shell-completion bash)"
+
  smoke-test-linux-musl:
    timeout-minutes: 10
    needs: build-binary-linux-musl
@ -852,7 +904,7 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 10
    needs: build-binary-windows-aarch64
    name: "smoke test | windows aarch64"
-    runs-on: github-windows-11-aarch64-4
+    runs-on: windows-11-arm
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2

@ -1000,6 +1052,96 @@ jobs:
          ./uv run python -c ""
          ./uv run -p 3.13t python -c ""

+  integration-test-windows-aarch64-implicit:
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    needs: build-binary-windows-aarch64
+    name: "integration test | aarch64 windows implicit"
+    runs-on: windows-11-arm
+
+    steps:
+      - name: "Download binary"
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          name: uv-windows-aarch64-${{ github.sha }}
+
+      - name: "Install Python via uv (implicitly select x64)"
+        run: |
+          ./uv python install -v 3.13
+
+      - name: "Create a virtual environment (stdlib)"
+        run: |
+          & (./uv python find 3.13) -m venv .venv
+
+      - name: "Check version (stdlib)"
+        run: |
+          .venv/Scripts/python --version
+
+      - name: "Create a virtual environment (uv)"
+        run: |
+          ./uv venv -p 3.13 --managed-python
+
+      - name: "Check version (uv)"
+        run: |
+          .venv/Scripts/python --version
+
+      - name: "Check is x64"
+        run: |
+          .venv/Scripts/python -c "import sys; exit(1) if 'AMD64' not in sys.version else exit(0)"
+
+      - name: "Check install"
+        run: |
+          ./uv pip install -v anyio
+
+      - name: "Check uv run"
+        run: |
+          ./uv run python -c ""
+          ./uv run -p 3.13 python -c ""
+
+  integration-test-windows-aarch64-explicit:
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    needs: build-binary-windows-aarch64
+    name: "integration test | aarch64 windows explicit"
+    runs-on: windows-11-arm
+
+    steps:
+      - name: "Download binary"
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          name: uv-windows-aarch64-${{ github.sha }}
+
+      - name: "Install Python via uv (explicitly select aarch64)"
+        run: |
+          ./uv python install -v cpython-3.13-windows-aarch64-none
+
+      - name: "Create a virtual environment (stdlib)"
+        run: |
+          & (./uv python find 3.13) -m venv .venv
+
+      - name: "Check version (stdlib)"
+        run: |
+          .venv/Scripts/python --version
+
+      - name: "Create a virtual environment (uv)"
+        run: |
+          ./uv venv -p 3.13 --managed-python
+
+      - name: "Check version (uv)"
+        run: |
+          .venv/Scripts/python --version
+
+      - name: "Check is NOT x64"
+        run: |
+          .venv/Scripts/python -c "import sys; exit(1) if 'AMD64' in sys.version else exit(0)"
+
+      - name: "Check install"
+        run: |
+          ./uv pip install -v anyio
+
+      - name: "Check uv run"
+        run: |
+          ./uv run python -c ""
+          ./uv run -p 3.13 python -c ""
+
  integration-test-pypy-linux:
    timeout-minutes: 10
    needs: build-binary-linux-libc
@ -1443,7 +1585,7 @@ jobs:
        run: chmod +x ./uv

      - name: "Configure AWS credentials"
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@3bb878b6ab43ba8717918141cd07a0ea68cfe7ea
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@f503a1870408dcf2c35d5c2b8a68e69211042c7d
        with:
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
@ -2072,7 +2214,7 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 10
    needs: build-binary-windows-aarch64
    name: "check system | x86-64 python3.13 on windows aarch64"
-    runs-on: github-windows-11-aarch64-4
+    runs-on: windows-11-arm
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2

@ -2090,6 +2232,28 @@ jobs:
      - name: "Validate global Python install"
        run: py -3.13 ./scripts/check_system_python.py --uv ./uv.exe

+  system-test-windows-aarch64-aarch64-python-313:
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    needs: build-binary-windows-aarch64
+    name: "check system | aarch64 python3.13 on windows aarch64"
+    runs-on: windows-11-arm
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5.6.0
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+          architecture: "arm64"
+          allow-prereleases: true
+
+      - name: "Download binary"
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
+        with:
+          name: uv-windows-aarch64-${{ github.sha }}
+
+      - name: "Validate global Python install"
+        run: py -3.13 ./scripts/check_system_python.py --uv ./uv.exe
+
  # Test our PEP 514 integration that installs Python into the Windows registry.
  system-test-windows-registry:
    timeout-minutes: 10
@ -2337,7 +2501,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: "Checkout Branch"
        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0

      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
        run: rustup show
@ -2374,7 +2538,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: "Checkout Branch"
        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2

-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2.7.8
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@98c8021b550208e191a6a3145459bfc9fb29c4c0 # v2.8.0

      - name: "Install Rust toolchain"
        run: rustup show
--- a/.github/workflows/publish-pypi.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish-pypi.yml
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
      id-token: write
    steps:
      - name: "Install uv"
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f0ec1fc3b38f5e7cd731bb6ce540c5af426746bb # v6.1.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
        with:
          pattern: wheels_uv-*
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
      id-token: write
    steps:
      - name: "Install uv"
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f0ec1fc3b38f5e7cd731bb6ce540c5af426746bb # v6.1.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
        with:
          pattern: wheels_uv_build-*
--- a/.github/workflows/setup-dev-drive.ps1
+++ b/.github/workflows/setup-dev-drive.ps1
@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ Write-Output `
 	"DEV_DRIVE=$($Drive)" `
 	"TMP=$($Tmp)" `
 	"TEMP=$($Tmp)" `
-	"UV_INTERNAL__TEST_DIR=$($Tmp)" `
 	"RUSTUP_HOME=$($Drive)/.rustup" `
 	"CARGO_HOME=$($Drive)/.cargo" `
 	"UV_WORKSPACE=$($Drive)/uv" `
--- a/.github/workflows/sync-python-releases.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync-python-releases.yml
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@f0ec1fc3b38f5e7cd731bb6ce540c5af426746bb # v6.1.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
        with:
          version: "latest"
          enable-cache: true
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ repos:
      - id: validate-pyproject

  - repo: https://github.com/crate-ci/typos
-    rev: v1.33.1
+    rev: v1.34.0
    hooks:
      - id: typos

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ repos:
        types_or: [yaml, json5]

  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.11.13
+    rev: v0.12.2
    hooks:
      - id: ruff-format
      - id: ruff
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -3,6 +3,145 @@
 <!-- prettier-ignore-start -->


+## 0.7.19
+
+The **[uv build backend](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/concepts/build-backend/) is now stable**, and considered ready for production use.
+
+The uv build backend is a great choice for pure Python projects. It has reasonable defaults, with the goal of requiring zero configuration for most users, but provides flexible configuration to accommodate most Python project structures. It integrates tightly with uv, to improve messaging and user experience. It validates project metadata and structures, preventing common mistakes. And, finally, it's very fast — `uv sync` on a new project (from `uv init`) is 10-30x faster than with other build backends.
+
+To use uv as a build backend in an existing project, add `uv_build` to the `[build-system]` section in your `pyproject.toml`:
+
+```toml
+[build-system]
+requires = ["uv_build>=0.7.19,<0.8.0"]
+build-backend = "uv_build"
+```
+
+In a future release, it will replace `hatchling` as the default in `uv init`. As before, uv will remain compatible with all standards-compliant build backends.
+
+### Python
+
+- Add PGO distributions of Python for aarch64 Linux, which are more optimized for better performance
+
+See the [python-build-standalone release](https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/tag/20250702) for more details.
+
+### Enhancements
+
+- Ignore Python patch version for `--universal` pip compile ([#14405](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14405))
+- Update the tilde version specifier warning to include more context ([#14335](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14335))
+- Clarify behavior and hint on tool install when no executables are available ([#14423](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14423))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- Make project and interpreter lock acquisition non-fatal ([#14404](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14404))
+- Includes `sys.prefix` in cached environment keys to avoid `--with` collisions across projects ([#14403](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14403))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Add a migration guide from pip to uv projects ([#12382](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/12382))
+
+## 0.7.18
+
+### Python
+
+- Added arm64 Windows Python 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, and 3.14
+
+  These are not downloaded by default, since x86-64 Python has broader ecosystem support on Windows.
+  However, they can be requested with `cpython-<version>-windows-aarch64`.
+
+See the [python-build-standalone release](https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/tag/20250630) for more details.
+
+### Enhancements
+
+- Keep track of retries in `ManagedPythonDownload::fetch_with_retry` ([#14378](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14378))
+- Reuse build (virtual) environments across resolution and installation ([#14338](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14338))
+- Improve trace message for cached Python interpreter query ([#14328](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14328))
+- Use parsed URLs for conflicting URL error message ([#14380](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14380))
+
+### Preview features
+
+- Ignore invalid build backend settings when not building ([#14372](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14372))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- Fix equals-star and tilde-equals with `python_version` and `python_full_version` ([#14271](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14271))
+- Include the canonical path in the interpreter query cache key ([#14331](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14331))
+- Only drop build directories on program exit ([#14304](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14304))
+- Error instead of panic on conflict between global and subcommand flags ([#14368](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14368))
+- Consistently normalize trailing slashes on URLs with no path segments ([#14349](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14349))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Add instructions for publishing to JFrog's Artifactory ([#14253](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14253))
+- Edits to the build backend documentation ([#14376](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14376))
+
+## 0.7.17
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- Apply build constraints when resolving `--with` dependencies ([#14340](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14340))
+- Drop trailing slashes when converting index URL from URL ([#14346](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14346))
+- Ignore `UV_PYTHON_CACHE_DIR` when empty ([#14336](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14336))
+- Fix error message ordering for `pyvenv.cfg` version conflict ([#14329](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14329))
+
+## 0.7.16
+
+### Python
+
+- Add Python 3.14.0b3
+
+See the
+[`python-build-standalone` release notes](https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/tag/20250626)
+for more details.
+
+### Enhancements
+
+- Include path or URL when failing to convert in lockfile ([#14292](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14292))
+- Warn when `~=` is used as a Python version specifier without a patch version ([#14008](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14008))
+
+### Preview features
+
+- Ensure preview default Python installs are upgradeable ([#14261](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14261))
+
+### Performance
+
+- Share workspace cache between lock and sync operations ([#14321](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14321))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- Allow local indexes to reference remote files ([#14294](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14294))
+- Avoid rendering desugared prefix matches in error messages ([#14195](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14195))
+- Avoid using path URL for workspace Git dependencies in `requirements.txt` ([#14288](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14288))
+- Normalize index URLs to remove trailing slash ([#14245](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14245))
+- Respect URL-encoded credentials in redirect location ([#14315](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14315))
+- Lock the source tree when running setuptools, to protect concurrent builds ([#14174](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14174))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Note that GCP Artifact Registry download URLs must have `/simple` component ([#14251](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14251))
+
+## 0.7.15
+
+### Enhancements
+
+- Consistently use `Ordering::Relaxed` for standalone atomic use cases ([#14190](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14190))
+- Warn on ambiguous relative paths for `--index` ([#14152](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14152))
+- Skip GitHub fast path when rate-limited ([#13033](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/13033))
+- Preserve newlines in `schema.json` descriptions ([#13693](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/13693))
+
+### Bug fixes
+
+- Add check for using minor version link when creating a venv on Windows ([#14252](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14252))
+- Strip query parameters when parsing source URL ([#14224](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14224))
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Add a link to PyPI FAQ to clarify what per-project token is ([#14242](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14242))
+
+### Preview features
+
+- Allow symlinks in the build backend ([#14212](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/pull/14212))
+
 ## 0.7.14

 ### Enhancements
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@ -94,6 +94,15 @@ version = "1.0.98"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e16d2d3311acee920a9eb8d33b8cbc1787ce4a264e85f964c2404b969bdcd487"

+[[package]]
+name = "approx"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cab112f0a86d568ea0e627cc1d6be74a1e9cd55214684db5561995f6dad897c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "arbitrary"
 version = "1.4.1"
@ -180,9 +189,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "async-channel"
-version = "2.3.1"
+version = "2.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "89b47800b0be77592da0afd425cc03468052844aff33b84e33cc696f64e77b6a"
+checksum = "924ed96dd52d1b75e9c1a3e6275715fd320f5f9439fb5a4a11fa51f4221158d2"
 dependencies = [
 "concurrent-queue",
 "event-listener-strategy",
@ -364,6 +373,15 @@ version = "0.22.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"

+[[package]]
+name = "bincode"
+version = "1.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1f45e9417d87227c7a56d22e471c6206462cba514c7590c09aff4cf6d1ddcad"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bisection"
 version = "0.1.0"
@ -512,9 +530,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "cargo-util"
-version = "0.2.20"
+version = "0.2.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d767bc85f367f6483a6072430b56f5c0d6ee7636751a21a800526d0711753d76"
+checksum = "c95ec8b2485b20aed818bd7460f8eecc6c87c35c84191b353a3aba9aa1736c36"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "core-foundation",
@ -672,22 +690,27 @@ checksum = "f46ad14479a25103f283c0f10005961cf086d8dc42205bb44c46ac563475dca6"

 [[package]]
 name = "codspeed"
-version = "2.10.1"
+version = "3.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "93f4cce9c27c49c4f101fffeebb1826f41a9df2e7498b7cd4d95c0658b796c6c"
+checksum = "922018102595f6668cdd09c03f4bff2d951ce2318c6dca4fe11bdcb24b65b2bf"
 dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bincode",
 "colored",
+ "glob",
 "libc",
+ "nix 0.29.0",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
+ "statrs",
 "uuid",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "codspeed-criterion-compat"
-version = "2.10.1"
+version = "3.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3c23d880a28a2aab52d38ca8481dd7a3187157d0a952196b6db1db3c8499725"
+checksum = "24d8ad82d2383cb74995f58993cbdd2914aed57b2f91f46580310dd81dc3d05a"
 dependencies = [
 "codspeed",
 "codspeed-criterion-compat-walltime",
@ -696,9 +719,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "codspeed-criterion-compat-walltime"
-version = "2.10.1"
+version = "3.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b0a2f7365e347f4f22a67e9ea689bf7bc89900a354e22e26cf8a531a42c8fbb"
+checksum = "61badaa6c452d192a29f8387147888f0ab358553597c3fe9bf8a162ef7c2fa64"
 dependencies = [
 "anes",
 "cast",
@ -1142,9 +1165,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "event-listener-strategy"
-version = "0.5.3"
+version = "0.5.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c3e4e0dd3673c1139bf041f3008816d9cf2946bbfac2945c09e523b8d7b05b2"
+checksum = "8be9f3dfaaffdae2972880079a491a1a8bb7cbed0b8dd7a347f668b4150a3b93"
 dependencies = [
 "event-listener",
 "pin-project-lite",
@ -1675,7 +1698,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 "tokio-rustls",
 "tower-service",
- "webpki-roots",
+ "webpki-roots 0.26.8",
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -1684,6 +1707,7 @@ version = "0.1.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dc2fdfdbff08affe55bb779f33b053aa1fe5dd5b54c257343c17edfa55711bdb"
 dependencies = [
+ "base64 0.22.1",
 "bytes",
 "futures-channel",
 "futures-core",
@ -1691,7 +1715,9 @@ dependencies = [
 "http",
 "http-body",
 "hyper",
+ "ipnet",
 "libc",
+ "percent-encoding",
 "pin-project-lite",
 "socket2",
 "tokio",
@ -1873,9 +1899,9 @@ checksum = "b72ad49b554c1728b1e83254a1b1565aea4161e28dabbfa171fc15fe62299caf"

 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.9.0"
+version = "2.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cea70ddb795996207ad57735b50c5982d8844f38ba9ee5f1aedcfb708a2aa11e"
+checksum = "fe4cd85333e22411419a0bcae1297d25e58c9443848b11dc6a86fefe8c78a661"
 dependencies = [
 "equivalent",
 "hashbrown 0.15.4",
@ -1922,6 +1948,16 @@ version = "2.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "469fb0b9cefa57e3ef31275ee7cacb78f2fdca44e4765491884a2b119d4eb130"

+[[package]]
+name = "iri-string"
+version = "0.7.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dbc5ebe9c3a1a7a5127f920a418f7585e9e758e911d0466ed004f393b0e380b2"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "is-terminal"
 version = "0.4.15"
@ -2474,9 +2510,9 @@ checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"

 [[package]]
 name = "owo-colors"
-version = "4.2.1"
+version = "4.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "26995317201fa17f3656c36716aed4a7c81743a9634ac4c99c0eeda495db0cec"
+checksum = "48dd4f4a2c8405440fd0462561f0e5806bd0f77e86f51c761481bdd4018b545e"

 [[package]]
 name = "parking"
@ -3039,9 +3075,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "reqwest"
-version = "0.12.15"
+version = "0.12.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d19c46a6fdd48bc4dab94b6103fccc55d34c67cc0ad04653aad4ea2a07cd7bbb"
+checksum = "cbc931937e6ca3a06e3b6c0aa7841849b160a90351d6ab467a8b9b9959767531"
 dependencies = [
 "async-compression",
 "base64 0.22.1",
@ -3056,18 +3092,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "hyper",
 "hyper-rustls",
 "hyper-util",
- "ipnet",
 "js-sys",
 "log",
- "mime",
 "mime_guess",
- "once_cell",
 "percent-encoding",
 "pin-project-lite",
 "quinn",
 "rustls",
 "rustls-native-certs",
- "rustls-pemfile",
 "rustls-pki-types",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
@ -3075,17 +3107,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "sync_wrapper",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-rustls",
- "tokio-socks",
 "tokio-util",
 "tower",
+ "tower-http",
 "tower-service",
 "url",
 "wasm-bindgen",
 "wasm-bindgen-futures",
 "wasm-streams",
 "web-sys",
- "webpki-roots",
- "windows-registry 0.4.0",
+ "webpki-roots 1.0.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -3328,15 +3359,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "security-framework",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "rustls-pemfile"
-version = "2.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dce314e5fee3f39953d46bb63bb8a46d40c2f8fb7cc5a3b6cab2bde9721d6e50"
-dependencies = [
- "rustls-pki-types",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-pki-types"
 version = "1.11.0"
@ -3405,11 +3427,12 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "schemars"
-version = "0.8.22"
+version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3fbf2ae1b8bc8e02df939598064d22402220cd5bbcca1c76f7d6a310974d5615"
+checksum = "82d20c4491bc164fa2f6c5d44565947a52ad80b9505d8e36f8d54c27c739fcd0"
 dependencies = [
 "dyn-clone",
+ "ref-cast",
 "schemars_derive",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
@ -3418,9 +3441,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "schemars_derive"
-version = "0.8.22"
+version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "32e265784ad618884abaea0600a9adf15393368d840e0222d101a072f3f7534d"
+checksum = "33d020396d1d138dc19f1165df7545479dcd58d93810dc5d646a16e55abefa80"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
@ -3719,6 +3742,16 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a8f112729512f8e442d81f95a8a7ddf2b7c6b8a1a6f509a95864142b30cab2d3"

+[[package]]
+name = "statrs"
+version = "0.18.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2a3fe7c28c6512e766b0874335db33c94ad7b8f9054228ae1c2abd47ce7d335e"
+dependencies = [
+ "approx",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strict-num"
 version = "0.1.1"
@ -3934,9 +3967,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "test-log"
-version = "0.2.17"
+version = "0.2.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e7f46083d221181166e5b6f6b1e5f1d499f3a76888826e6cb1d057554157cd0f"
+checksum = "1e33b98a582ea0be1168eba097538ee8dd4bbe0f2b01b22ac92ea30054e5be7b"
 dependencies = [
 "test-log-macros",
 "tracing-subscriber",
@ -3944,9 +3977,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "test-log-macros"
-version = "0.2.17"
+version = "0.2.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "888d0c3c6db53c0fdab160d2ed5e12ba745383d3e85813f2ea0f2b1475ab553f"
+checksum = "451b374529930d7601b1eef8d32bc79ae870b6079b069401709c2a8bf9e75f36"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
@ -4138,18 +4171,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "tokio-socks"
-version = "0.5.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0d4770b8024672c1101b3f6733eab95b18007dbe0847a8afe341fcf79e06043f"
-dependencies = [
- "either",
- "futures-util",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
- "tokio",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-stream"
 version = "0.1.17"
@ -4232,6 +4253,24 @@ dependencies = [
 "tower-service",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "tower-http"
+version = "0.6.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "adc82fd73de2a9722ac5da747f12383d2bfdb93591ee6c58486e0097890f05f2"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.9.1",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-util",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "iri-string",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tower",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-layer"
 version = "0.3.3"
@ -4569,7 +4608,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "uv"
-version = "0.7.14"
+version = "0.7.19"
 dependencies = [
 "anstream",
 "anyhow",
@ -4583,7 +4622,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "ctrlc",
 "dotenvy",
 "dunce",
- "etcetera",
 "filetime",
 "flate2",
 "fs-err 3.1.1",
@ -4719,7 +4757,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "uv-configuration",
 "uv-dispatch",
 "uv-distribution",
- "uv-distribution-filename",
 "uv-distribution-types",
 "uv-extract",
 "uv-install-wheel",
@ -4735,7 +4772,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "uv-build"
-version = "0.7.14"
+version = "0.7.19"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "uv-build-backend",
@ -4798,6 +4835,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 "toml_edit",
 "tracing",
+ "uv-cache-key",
 "uv-configuration",
 "uv-distribution",
 "uv-distribution-types",
@ -5135,7 +5173,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde",
 "smallvec",
 "thiserror 2.0.12",
- "url",
 "uv-cache-key",
 "uv-normalize",
 "uv-pep440",
@ -5178,6 +5215,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "uv-pypi-types",
 "uv-redacted",
 "uv-small-str",
+ "uv-warnings",
 "version-ranges",
 ]

@ -5602,7 +5640,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "uv-trampoline-builder",
 "uv-warnings",
 "which",
- "windows-registry 0.5.2",
+ "windows-registry",
 "windows-result 0.3.4",
 "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
@ -5806,7 +5844,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing",
 "uv-fs",
 "uv-static",
- "windows-registry 0.5.2",
+ "windows-registry",
 "windows-result 0.3.4",
 "windows-sys 0.59.0",
 ]
@ -5904,6 +5942,7 @@ name = "uv-types"
 version = "0.0.1"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
+ "dashmap",
 "rustc-hash",
 "thiserror 2.0.12",
 "uv-cache",
@ -5923,7 +5962,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "uv-version"
-version = "0.7.14"
+version = "0.7.19"

 [[package]]
 name = "uv-virtualenv"
@ -6187,6 +6226,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "rustls-pki-types",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "webpki-roots"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8782dd5a41a24eed3a4f40b606249b3e236ca61adf1f25ea4d45c73de122b502"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustls-pki-types",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "weezl"
 version = "0.1.8"
@ -6330,7 +6378,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-interface 0.59.1",
 "windows-link",
 "windows-result 0.3.4",
- "windows-strings 0.4.1",
+ "windows-strings 0.4.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -6400,9 +6448,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76840935b766e1b0a05c0066835fb9ec80071d4c09a16f6bd5f7e655e3c14c38"
+checksum = "5e6ad25900d524eaabdbbb96d20b4311e1e7ae1699af4fb28c17ae66c80d798a"

 [[package]]
 name = "windows-numerics"
@ -6416,24 +6464,13 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "windows-registry"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4286ad90ddb45071efd1a66dfa43eb02dd0dfbae1545ad6cc3c51cf34d7e8ba3"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-result 0.3.4",
- "windows-strings 0.3.1",
- "windows-targets 0.53.0",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-registry"
-version = "0.5.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b3bab093bdd303a1240bb99b8aba8ea8a69ee19d34c9e2ef9594e708a4878820"
+checksum = "5b8a9ed28765efc97bbc954883f4e6796c33a06546ebafacbabee9696967499e"
 dependencies = [
 "windows-link",
 "windows-result 0.3.4",
- "windows-strings 0.4.1",
+ "windows-strings 0.4.2",
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -6465,9 +6502,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "windows-strings"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2a7ab927b2637c19b3dbe0965e75d8f2d30bdd697a1516191cad2ec4df8fb28a"
+checksum = "56e6c93f3a0c3b36176cb1327a4958a0353d5d166c2a35cb268ace15e91d3b57"
 dependencies = [
 "windows-link",
 ]
@ -6701,8 +6738,9 @@ checksum = "d135d17ab770252ad95e9a872d365cf3090e3be864a34ab46f48555993efc904"

 [[package]]
 name = "wiremock"
-version = "0.6.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/astral-sh/wiremock-rs?rev=b79b69f62521df9f83a54e866432397562eae789#b79b69f62521df9f83a54e866432397562eae789"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a2b8b99d4cdbf36b239a9532e31fe4fb8acc38d1897c1761e161550a7dc78e6a"
 dependencies = [
 "assert-json-diff",
 "async-trait",
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ resolver = "2"

 [workspace.package]
 edition = "2024"
-rust-version = "1.85"
+rust-version = "1.86"
 homepage = "https://pypi.org/project/uv/"
 documentation = "https://pypi.org/project/uv/"
 repository = "https://github.com/astral-sh/uv"
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ ref-cast = { version = "1.0.24" }
 reflink-copy = { version = "0.1.19" }
 regex = { version = "1.10.6" }
 regex-automata = { version = "0.4.8", default-features = false, features = ["dfa-build", "dfa-search", "perf", "std", "syntax"] }
-reqwest = { version = "=0.12.15", default-features = false, features = ["json", "gzip", "deflate", "zstd", "stream", "rustls-tls", "rustls-tls-native-roots", "socks", "multipart", "http2", "blocking"] }
+reqwest = { version = "0.12.22", default-features = false, features = ["json", "gzip", "deflate", "zstd", "stream", "rustls-tls", "rustls-tls-native-roots", "socks", "multipart", "http2", "blocking"] }
 reqwest-middleware = { git = "https://github.com/astral-sh/reqwest-middleware", rev = "ad8b9d332d1773fde8b4cd008486de5973e0a3f8", features = ["multipart"] }
 reqwest-retry = { git = "https://github.com/astral-sh/reqwest-middleware", rev = "ad8b9d332d1773fde8b4cd008486de5973e0a3f8" }
 rkyv = { version = "0.8.8", features = ["bytecheck"] }
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ rust-netrc = { version = "0.1.2" }
 rustc-hash = { version = "2.0.0" }
 rustix = { version = "1.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "std"] }
 same-file = { version = "1.0.6" }
-schemars = { version = "0.8.21", features = ["url"] }
+schemars = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["url2"] }
 seahash = { version = "4.1.0" }
 self-replace = { version = "1.5.0" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.210", features = ["derive", "rc"] }
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ windows-core = { version = "0.59.0" }
 windows-registry = { version = "0.5.0" }
 windows-result = { version = "0.3.0" }
 windows-sys = { version = "0.59.0", features = ["Win32_Foundation", "Win32_Security", "Win32_Storage_FileSystem", "Win32_System_Ioctl", "Win32_System_IO", "Win32_System_Registry"] }
-wiremock = { git = "https://github.com/astral-sh/wiremock-rs", rev = "b79b69f62521df9f83a54e866432397562eae789" }
+wiremock = { version = "0.6.4" }
 xz2 = { version = "0.1.7" }
 zip = { version = "2.2.3", default-features = false, features = ["deflate", "zstd", "bzip2", "lzma", "xz"] }

--- a/clippy.toml
+++ b/clippy.toml
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ disallowed-methods = [
  "std::fs::soft_link",
  "std::fs::symlink_metadata",
  "std::fs::write",
-  "std::os::unix::fs::symlink",
-  "std::os::windows::fs::symlink_dir",
-  "std::os::windows::fs::symlink_file",
+  { path = "std::os::unix::fs::symlink", allow-invalid = true },
+  { path = "std::os::windows::fs::symlink_dir", allow-invalid = true },
+  { path = "std::os::windows::fs::symlink_file", allow-invalid = true },
 ]
--- a/crates/uv-auth/src/index.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-auth/src/index.rs
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl Indexes {
        Self(FxHashSet::default())
    }

-    /// Create a new [`AuthIndexUrls`] from an iterator of [`AuthIndexUrl`]s.
+    /// Create a new [`Indexes`] instance from an iterator of [`Index`]s.
    pub fn from_indexes(urls: impl IntoIterator<Item = Index>) -> Self {
        let mut index_urls = Self::new();
        for url in urls {
--- a/crates/uv-bench/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-bench/Cargo.toml
@ -18,11 +18,6 @@ workspace = true
 doctest = false
 bench = false

-[[bench]]
-name = "distribution-filename"
-path = "benches/distribution_filename.rs"
-harness = false
-
 [[bench]]
 name = "uv"
 path = "benches/uv.rs"
@ -34,7 +29,6 @@ uv-client = { workspace = true }
 uv-configuration = { workspace = true }
 uv-dispatch = { workspace = true }
 uv-distribution = { workspace = true }
-uv-distribution-filename = { workspace = true }
 uv-distribution-types = { workspace = true }
 uv-extract = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 uv-install-wheel = { workspace = true }
@ -48,8 +42,10 @@ uv-types = { workspace = true }
 uv-workspace = { workspace = true }

 anyhow = { workspace = true }
-codspeed-criterion-compat = { version = "2.7.2", default-features = false, optional = true }
-criterion = { version = "0.6.0", default-features = false, features = ["async_tokio"] }
+codspeed-criterion-compat = { version = "3.0.2", default-features = false, optional = true }
+criterion = { version = "0.6.0", default-features = false, features = [
+  "async_tokio",
+] }
 jiff = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { workspace = true }

--- a/crates/uv-bench/benches/distribution_filename.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-bench/benches/distribution_filename.rs
@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-use uv_bench::criterion::{
-    BenchmarkId, Criterion, Throughput, criterion_group, criterion_main, measurement::WallTime,
-};
-use uv_distribution_filename::WheelFilename;
-use uv_platform_tags::{AbiTag, LanguageTag, PlatformTag, Tags};
-
-/// A set of platform tags extracted from burntsushi's Archlinux workstation.
-/// We could just re-create these via `Tags::from_env`, but those might differ
-/// depending on the platform. This way, we always use the same data. It also
-/// lets us assert tag compatibility regardless of where the benchmarks run.
-const PLATFORM_TAGS: &[(&str, &str, &str)] = include!("../inputs/platform_tags.rs");
-
-/// A set of wheel names used in the benchmarks below. We pick short and long
-/// names, as well as compatible and not-compatibles (with `PLATFORM_TAGS`)
-/// names.
-///
-/// The tuple is (name, filename, compatible) where `name` is a descriptive
-/// name for humans used in the benchmark definition. And `filename` is the
-/// actual wheel filename we want to benchmark operation on. And `compatible`
-/// indicates whether the tags in the wheel filename are expected to be
-/// compatible with the tags in `PLATFORM_TAGS`.
-const WHEEL_NAMES: &[(&str, &str, bool)] = &[
-    // This tests a case with a very short name that *is* compatible with
-    // PLATFORM_TAGS. It only uses one tag for each component (one Python
-    // version, one ABI and one platform).
-    (
-        "flyte-short-compatible",
-        "ipython-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl",
-        true,
-    ),
-    // This tests a case with a long name that is *not* compatible. That
-    // is, all platform tags need to be checked against the tags in the
-    // wheel filename. This is essentially the worst possible practical
-    // case.
-    (
-        "flyte-long-incompatible",
-        "protobuf-3.5.2.post1-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl",
-        false,
-    ),
-    // This tests a case with a long name that *is* compatible. We
-    // expect this to be (on average) quicker because the compatibility
-    // check stops as soon as a positive match is found. (Where as the
-    // incompatible case needs to check all tags.)
-    (
-        "flyte-long-compatible",
-        "coverage-6.6.0b1-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl",
-        true,
-    ),
-];
-
-/// A list of names that are candidates for wheel filenames but will ultimately
-/// fail to parse.
-const INVALID_WHEEL_NAMES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
-    ("flyte-short-extension", "mock-5.1.0.tar.gz"),
-    (
-        "flyte-long-extension",
-        "Pillow-5.4.0.dev0-py3.7-macosx-10.13-x86_64.egg",
-    ),
-];
-
-/// Benchmarks the construction of platform tags.
-///
-/// This only happens ~once per program startup. Originally, construction was
-/// trivial. But to speed up `WheelFilename::is_compatible`, we added some
-/// extra processing. We thus expect construction to become slower, but we
-/// write a benchmark to ensure it is still "reasonable."
-fn benchmark_build_platform_tags(c: &mut Criterion<WallTime>) {
-    let tags: Vec<(LanguageTag, AbiTag, PlatformTag)> = PLATFORM_TAGS
-        .iter()
-        .map(|&(py, abi, plat)| {
-            (
-                LanguageTag::from_str(py).unwrap(),
-                AbiTag::from_str(abi).unwrap(),
-                PlatformTag::from_str(plat).unwrap(),
-            )
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("build_platform_tags");
-    group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::from_parameter("burntsushi-archlinux"), |b| {
-        b.iter(|| std::hint::black_box(Tags::new(tags.clone())));
-    });
-    group.finish();
-}
-
-/// Benchmarks `WheelFilename::from_str`. This has been observed to take some
-/// non-trivial time in profiling (although, at time of writing, not as much
-/// as tag compatibility). In the process of optimizing tag compatibility,
-/// we tweaked wheel filename parsing. This benchmark was therefore added to
-/// ensure we didn't regress here.
-fn benchmark_wheelname_parsing(c: &mut Criterion<WallTime>) {
-    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("wheelname_parsing");
-    for (name, filename, _) in WHEEL_NAMES.iter().copied() {
-        let len = u64::try_from(filename.len()).expect("length fits in u64");
-        group.throughput(Throughput::Bytes(len));
-        group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::from_parameter(name), |b| {
-            b.iter(|| {
-                filename
-                    .parse::<WheelFilename>()
-                    .expect("valid wheel filename");
-            });
-        });
-    }
-    group.finish();
-}
-
-/// Benchmarks `WheelFilename::from_str` when it fails. This routine is called
-/// on every filename in a package's metadata. A non-trivial portion of which
-/// are not wheel filenames. Ensuring that the error path is fast is thus
-/// probably a good idea.
-fn benchmark_wheelname_parsing_failure(c: &mut Criterion<WallTime>) {
-    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("wheelname_parsing_failure");
-    for (name, filename) in INVALID_WHEEL_NAMES.iter().copied() {
-        let len = u64::try_from(filename.len()).expect("length fits in u64");
-        group.throughput(Throughput::Bytes(len));
-        group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::from_parameter(name), |b| {
-            b.iter(|| {
-                filename
-                    .parse::<WheelFilename>()
-                    .expect_err("invalid wheel filename");
-            });
-        });
-    }
-    group.finish();
-}
-
-/// Benchmarks the `WheelFilename::is_compatible` routine. This was revealed
-/// to be the #1 bottleneck in the resolver. The main issue was that the
-/// set of platform tags (generated once) is quite large, and the original
-/// implementation did an exhaustive search over each of them for each tag in
-/// the wheel filename.
-fn benchmark_wheelname_tag_compatibility(c: &mut Criterion<WallTime>) {
-    let tags: Vec<(LanguageTag, AbiTag, PlatformTag)> = PLATFORM_TAGS
-        .iter()
-        .map(|&(py, abi, plat)| {
-            (
-                LanguageTag::from_str(py).unwrap(),
-                AbiTag::from_str(abi).unwrap(),
-                PlatformTag::from_str(plat).unwrap(),
-            )
-        })
-        .collect();
-    let tags = Tags::new(tags);
-
-    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("wheelname_tag_compatibility");
-    for (name, filename, expected) in WHEEL_NAMES.iter().copied() {
-        let wheelname: WheelFilename = filename.parse().expect("valid wheel filename");
-        let len = u64::try_from(filename.len()).expect("length fits in u64");
-        group.throughput(Throughput::Bytes(len));
-        group.bench_function(BenchmarkId::from_parameter(name), |b| {
-            b.iter(|| {
-                assert_eq!(expected, wheelname.is_compatible(&tags));
-            });
-        });
-    }
-    group.finish();
-}
-
-criterion_group!(
-    uv_distribution_filename,
-    benchmark_build_platform_tags,
-    benchmark_wheelname_parsing,
-    benchmark_wheelname_parsing_failure,
-    benchmark_wheelname_tag_compatibility,
-);
-criterion_main!(uv_distribution_filename);
--- a/crates/uv-build-backend/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-build-backend/src/lib.rs
@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ pub use settings::{BuildBackendSettings, WheelDataIncludes};
 pub use source_dist::{build_source_dist, list_source_dist};
 pub use wheel::{build_editable, build_wheel, list_wheel, metadata};

-use std::fs::FileType;
 use std::io;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::debug;
+use walkdir::DirEntry;

 use uv_fs::Simplified;
 use uv_globfilter::PortableGlobError;
@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ pub enum Error {
        #[source]
        err: walkdir::Error,
    },
-    #[error("Unsupported file type {:?}: `{}`", _1, _0.user_display())]
-    UnsupportedFileType(PathBuf, FileType),
    #[error("Failed to write wheel zip archive")]
    Zip(#[from] zip::result::ZipError),
    #[error("Failed to write RECORD file")]
@ -86,6 +84,16 @@ trait DirectoryWriter {
    /// Files added through the method are considered generated when listing included files.
    fn write_bytes(&mut self, path: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>;

+    /// Add the file or directory to the path.
+    fn write_dir_entry(&mut self, entry: &DirEntry, target_path: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if entry.file_type().is_dir() {
+            self.write_directory(target_path)?;
+        } else {
+            self.write_file(target_path, entry.path())?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    /// Add a local file.
    fn write_file(&mut self, path: &str, file: &Path) -> Result<(), Error>;

--- a/crates/uv-build-backend/src/settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-build-backend/src/settings.rs
@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ use uv_macros::OptionsMetadata;

 /// Settings for the uv build backend (`uv_build`).
 ///
-/// !!! note
-///
-///     The uv build backend is currently in preview and may change in any future release.
-///
 /// Note that those settings only apply when using the `uv_build` backend, other build backends
 /// (such as hatchling) have their own configuration.
 ///
--- a/crates/uv-build-backend/src/source_dist.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-build-backend/src/source_dist.rs
@ -250,32 +250,16 @@ fn write_source_dist(
            .expect("walkdir starts with root");

        if !include_matcher.match_path(relative) || exclude_matcher.is_match(relative) {
-            trace!("Excluding: `{}`", relative.user_display());
+            trace!("Excluding from sdist: `{}`", relative.user_display());
            continue;
        }

-        debug!("Including {}", relative.user_display());
-        if entry.file_type().is_dir() {
-            writer.write_directory(
-                &Path::new(&top_level)
-                    .join(relative)
-                    .portable_display()
-                    .to_string(),
-            )?;
-        } else if entry.file_type().is_file() {
-            writer.write_file(
-                &Path::new(&top_level)
-                    .join(relative)
-                    .portable_display()
-                    .to_string(),
-                entry.path(),
-            )?;
-        } else {
-            return Err(Error::UnsupportedFileType(
-                relative.to_path_buf(),
-                entry.file_type(),
-            ));
-        }
+        let entry_path = Path::new(&top_level)
+            .join(relative)
+            .portable_display()
+            .to_string();
+        debug!("Adding to sdist: {}", relative.user_display());
+        writer.write_dir_entry(&entry, &entry_path)?;
    }
    debug!("Visited {files_visited} files for source dist build");

--- a/crates/uv-build-backend/src/wheel.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-build-backend/src/wheel.rs
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ fn write_wheel(
            .path()
            .strip_prefix(source_tree)
            .expect("walkdir starts with root");
-        let wheel_path = entry
+        let entry_path = entry
            .path()
            .strip_prefix(&src_root)
            .expect("walkdir starts with root");
@ -172,21 +172,10 @@ fn write_wheel(
            trace!("Excluding from module: `{}`", match_path.user_display());
            continue;
        }
-        let wheel_path = wheel_path.portable_display().to_string();

-        debug!("Adding to wheel: `{wheel_path}`");
-
-        if entry.file_type().is_dir() {
-            wheel_writer.write_directory(&wheel_path)?;
-        } else if entry.file_type().is_file() {
-            wheel_writer.write_file(&wheel_path, entry.path())?;
-        } else {
-            // TODO(konsti): We may want to support symlinks, there is support for installing them.
-            return Err(Error::UnsupportedFileType(
-                entry.path().to_path_buf(),
-                entry.file_type(),
-            ));
-        }
+        let entry_path = entry_path.portable_display().to_string();
+        debug!("Adding to wheel: {entry_path}");
+        wheel_writer.write_dir_entry(&entry, &entry_path)?;
    }
    debug!("Visited {files_visited} files for wheel build");

@ -519,23 +508,12 @@ fn wheel_subdir_from_globs(
            continue;
        }

-        let relative_licenses = Path::new(target)
+        let license_path = Path::new(target)
            .join(relative)
            .portable_display()
            .to_string();
-
-        if entry.file_type().is_dir() {
-            wheel_writer.write_directory(&relative_licenses)?;
-        } else if entry.file_type().is_file() {
-            debug!("Adding {} file: `{}`", globs_field, relative.user_display());
-            wheel_writer.write_file(&relative_licenses, entry.path())?;
-        } else {
-            // TODO(konsti): We may want to support symlinks, there is support for installing them.
-            return Err(Error::UnsupportedFileType(
-                entry.path().to_path_buf(),
-                entry.file_type(),
-            ));
-        }
+        debug!("Adding for {}: `{}`", globs_field, relative.user_display());
+        wheel_writer.write_dir_entry(&entry, &license_path)?;
    }
    Ok(())
 }
--- a/crates/uv-build-frontend/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-build-frontend/Cargo.toml
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ doctest = false
 workspace = true

 [dependencies]
+uv-cache-key = { workspace = true }
 uv-configuration = { workspace = true }
 uv-distribution = { workspace = true }
 uv-distribution-types = { workspace = true }
--- a/crates/uv-build-frontend/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-build-frontend/src/lib.rs
@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ use tempfile::TempDir;
 use tokio::io::AsyncBufReadExt;
 use tokio::process::Command;
 use tokio::sync::{Mutex, Semaphore};
-use tracing::{Instrument, debug, info_span, instrument};
+use tracing::{Instrument, debug, info_span, instrument, warn};

+use uv_cache_key::cache_digest;
 use uv_configuration::PreviewMode;
 use uv_configuration::{BuildKind, BuildOutput, ConfigSettings, SourceStrategy};
 use uv_distribution::BuildRequires;
 use uv_distribution_types::{IndexLocations, Requirement, Resolution};
+use uv_fs::LockedFile;
 use uv_fs::{PythonExt, Simplified};
 use uv_pep440::Version;
 use uv_pep508::PackageName;
@ -201,6 +203,11 @@ impl Pep517Backend {
            {import}
        "#, backend_path = backend_path_encoded}
    }
+
+    fn is_setuptools(&self) -> bool {
+        // either `setuptools.build_meta` or `setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__`
+        self.backend.split(':').next() == Some("setuptools.build_meta")
+    }
 }

 /// Uses an [`Rc`] internally, clone freely.
@ -434,6 +441,31 @@ impl SourceBuild {
        })
    }

+    /// Acquire a lock on the source tree, if necessary.
+    async fn acquire_lock(&self) -> Result<Option<LockedFile>, Error> {
+        // Depending on the command, setuptools puts `*.egg-info`, `build/`, and `dist/` in the
+        // source tree, and concurrent invocations of setuptools using the same source dir can
+        // stomp on each other. We need to lock something to fix that, but we don't want to dump a
+        // `.lock` file into the source tree that the user will need to .gitignore. Take a global
+        // proxy lock instead.
+        let mut source_tree_lock = None;
+        if self.pep517_backend.is_setuptools() {
+            debug!("Locking the source tree for setuptools");
+            let canonical_source_path = self.source_tree.canonicalize()?;
+            let lock_path = env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+                "uv-setuptools-{}.lock",
+                cache_digest(&canonical_source_path)
+            ));
+            source_tree_lock = LockedFile::acquire(lock_path, self.source_tree.to_string_lossy())
+                .await
+                .inspect_err(|err| {
+                    warn!("Failed to acquire build lock: {err}");
+                })
+                .ok();
+        }
+        Ok(source_tree_lock)
+    }
+
    async fn get_resolved_requirements(
        build_context: &impl BuildContext,
        source_build_context: SourceBuildContext,
@ -604,6 +636,9 @@ impl SourceBuild {
            return Ok(Some(metadata_dir.clone()));
        }

+        // Lock the source tree, if necessary.
+        let _lock = self.acquire_lock().await?;
+
        // Hatch allows for highly dynamic customization of metadata via hooks. In such cases, Hatch
        // can't uphold the PEP 517 contract, in that the metadata Hatch would return by
        // `prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel` isn't guaranteed to match that of the built wheel.
@ -716,16 +751,15 @@ impl SourceBuild {
    pub async fn build(&self, wheel_dir: &Path) -> Result<String, Error> {
        // The build scripts run with the extracted root as cwd, so they need the absolute path.
        let wheel_dir = std::path::absolute(wheel_dir)?;
-        let filename = self.pep517_build(&wheel_dir, &self.pep517_backend).await?;
+        let filename = self.pep517_build(&wheel_dir).await?;
        Ok(filename)
    }

    /// Perform a PEP 517 build for a wheel or source distribution (sdist).
-    async fn pep517_build(
-        &self,
-        output_dir: &Path,
-        pep517_backend: &Pep517Backend,
-    ) -> Result<String, Error> {
+    async fn pep517_build(&self, output_dir: &Path) -> Result<String, Error> {
+        // Lock the source tree, if necessary.
+        let _lock = self.acquire_lock().await?;
+
        // Write the hook output to a file so that we can read it back reliably.
        let outfile = self
            .temp_dir
@ -737,7 +771,7 @@ impl SourceBuild {
            BuildKind::Sdist => {
                debug!(
                    r#"Calling `{}.build_{}("{}", {})`"#,
-                    pep517_backend.backend,
+                    self.pep517_backend.backend,
                    self.build_kind,
                    output_dir.escape_for_python(),
                    self.config_settings.escape_for_python(),
@ -750,7 +784,7 @@ impl SourceBuild {
                    with open("{}", "w") as fp:
                        fp.write(sdist_filename)
                    "#,
-                    pep517_backend.backend_import(),
+                    self.pep517_backend.backend_import(),
                    self.build_kind,
                    output_dir.escape_for_python(),
                    self.config_settings.escape_for_python(),
@ -766,7 +800,7 @@ impl SourceBuild {
                    });
                debug!(
                    r#"Calling `{}.build_{}("{}", {}, {})`"#,
-                    pep517_backend.backend,
+                    self.pep517_backend.backend,
                    self.build_kind,
                    output_dir.escape_for_python(),
                    self.config_settings.escape_for_python(),
@ -780,7 +814,7 @@ impl SourceBuild {
                    with open("{}", "w") as fp:
                        fp.write(wheel_filename)
                    "#,
-                    pep517_backend.backend_import(),
+                    self.pep517_backend.backend_import(),
                    self.build_kind,
                    output_dir.escape_for_python(),
                    self.config_settings.escape_for_python(),
@ -810,7 +844,7 @@ impl SourceBuild {
            return Err(Error::from_command_output(
                format!(
                    "Call to `{}.build_{}` failed",
-                    pep517_backend.backend, self.build_kind
+                    self.pep517_backend.backend, self.build_kind
                ),
                &output,
                self.level,
@ -825,7 +859,7 @@ impl SourceBuild {
            return Err(Error::from_command_output(
                format!(
                    "Call to `{}.build_{}` failed",
-                    pep517_backend.backend, self.build_kind
+                    self.pep517_backend.backend, self.build_kind
                ),
                &output,
                self.level,
--- a/crates/uv-build/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-build/Cargo.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "uv-build"
-version = "0.7.14"
+version = "0.7.19"
 edition.workspace = true
 rust-version.workspace = true
 homepage.workspace = true
--- a/crates/uv-build/pyproject.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-build/pyproject.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "uv-build"
-version = "0.7.14"
+version = "0.7.19"
 description = "The uv build backend"
 authors = [{ name = "Astral Software Inc.", email = "hey@astral.sh" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.8"
--- a/crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-cli/src/lib.rs
@ -5130,6 +5130,9 @@ pub struct IndexArgs {
    /// All indexes provided via this flag take priority over the index specified by
    /// `--default-index` (which defaults to PyPI). When multiple `--index` flags are provided,
    /// earlier values take priority.
+    ///
+    /// Index names are not supported as values. Relative paths must be disambiguated from index
+    /// names with `./` or `../` on Unix or `.\\`, `..\\`, `./` or `../` on Windows.
    //
    // The nested Vec structure (`Vec<Vec<Maybe<Index>>>`) is required for clap's
    // value parsing mechanism, which processes one value at a time, in order to handle
--- a/crates/uv-cli/src/options.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-cli/src/options.rs
@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+use anstream::eprintln;
+
 use uv_cache::Refresh;
 use uv_configuration::ConfigSettings;
 use uv_resolver::PrereleaseMode;
 use uv_settings::{Combine, PipOptions, ResolverInstallerOptions, ResolverOptions};
+use uv_warnings::owo_colors::OwoColorize;

 use crate::{
    BuildOptionsArgs, FetchArgs, IndexArgs, InstallerArgs, Maybe, RefreshArgs, ResolverArgs,
@ -9,12 +12,27 @@ use crate::{
 };

 /// Given a boolean flag pair (like `--upgrade` and `--no-upgrade`), resolve the value of the flag.
-pub fn flag(yes: bool, no: bool) -> Option<bool> {
+pub fn flag(yes: bool, no: bool, name: &str) -> Option<bool> {
    match (yes, no) {
        (true, false) => Some(true),
        (false, true) => Some(false),
        (false, false) => None,
-        (..) => unreachable!("Clap should make this impossible"),
+        (..) => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "{}{} `{}` and `{}` cannot be used together. \
+                Boolean flags on different levels are currently not supported \
+                (https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/issues/6049)",
+                "error".bold().red(),
+                ":".bold(),
+                format!("--{name}").green(),
+                format!("--no-{name}").green(),
+            );
+            // No error forwarding since should eventually be solved on the clap side.
+            #[allow(clippy::exit)]
+            {
+                std::process::exit(2);
+            }
+        }
    }
 }

@ -26,7 +44,7 @@ impl From<RefreshArgs> for Refresh {
            refresh_package,
        } = value;

-        Self::from_args(flag(refresh, no_refresh), refresh_package)
+        Self::from_args(flag(refresh, no_refresh, "no-refresh"), refresh_package)
    }
 }

@ -53,7 +71,7 @@ impl From<ResolverArgs> for PipOptions {
        } = args;

        Self {
-            upgrade: flag(upgrade, no_upgrade),
+            upgrade: flag(upgrade, no_upgrade, "no-upgrade"),
            upgrade_package: Some(upgrade_package),
            index_strategy,
            keyring_provider,
@ -66,7 +84,7 @@ impl From<ResolverArgs> for PipOptions {
            },
            config_settings: config_setting
                .map(|config_settings| config_settings.into_iter().collect::<ConfigSettings>()),
-            no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation),
+            no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation, "build-isolation"),
            no_build_isolation_package: Some(no_build_isolation_package),
            exclude_newer,
            link_mode,
@ -96,16 +114,16 @@ impl From<InstallerArgs> for PipOptions {
        } = args;

        Self {
-            reinstall: flag(reinstall, no_reinstall),
+            reinstall: flag(reinstall, no_reinstall, "reinstall"),
            reinstall_package: Some(reinstall_package),
            index_strategy,
            keyring_provider,
            config_settings: config_setting
                .map(|config_settings| config_settings.into_iter().collect::<ConfigSettings>()),
-            no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation),
+            no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation, "build-isolation"),
            exclude_newer,
            link_mode,
-            compile_bytecode: flag(compile_bytecode, no_compile_bytecode),
+            compile_bytecode: flag(compile_bytecode, no_compile_bytecode, "compile-bytecode"),
            no_sources: if no_sources { Some(true) } else { None },
            ..PipOptions::from(index_args)
        }
@ -140,9 +158,9 @@ impl From<ResolverInstallerArgs> for PipOptions {
        } = args;

        Self {
-            upgrade: flag(upgrade, no_upgrade),
+            upgrade: flag(upgrade, no_upgrade, "upgrade"),
            upgrade_package: Some(upgrade_package),
-            reinstall: flag(reinstall, no_reinstall),
+            reinstall: flag(reinstall, no_reinstall, "reinstall"),
            reinstall_package: Some(reinstall_package),
            index_strategy,
            keyring_provider,
@ -155,11 +173,11 @@ impl From<ResolverInstallerArgs> for PipOptions {
            fork_strategy,
            config_settings: config_setting
                .map(|config_settings| config_settings.into_iter().collect::<ConfigSettings>()),
-            no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation),
+            no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation, "build-isolation"),
            no_build_isolation_package: Some(no_build_isolation_package),
            exclude_newer,
            link_mode,
-            compile_bytecode: flag(compile_bytecode, no_compile_bytecode),
+            compile_bytecode: flag(compile_bytecode, no_compile_bytecode, "compile-bytecode"),
            no_sources: if no_sources { Some(true) } else { None },
            ..PipOptions::from(index_args)
        }
@ -289,7 +307,7 @@ pub fn resolver_options(
                .filter_map(Maybe::into_option)
                .collect()
        }),
-        upgrade: flag(upgrade, no_upgrade),
+        upgrade: flag(upgrade, no_upgrade, "no-upgrade"),
        upgrade_package: Some(upgrade_package),
        index_strategy,
        keyring_provider,
@ -303,13 +321,13 @@ pub fn resolver_options(
        dependency_metadata: None,
        config_settings: config_setting
            .map(|config_settings| config_settings.into_iter().collect::<ConfigSettings>()),
-        no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation),
+        no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation, "build-isolation"),
        no_build_isolation_package: Some(no_build_isolation_package),
        exclude_newer,
        link_mode,
-        no_build: flag(no_build, build),
+        no_build: flag(no_build, build, "build"),
        no_build_package: Some(no_build_package),
-        no_binary: flag(no_binary, binary),
+        no_binary: flag(no_binary, binary, "binary"),
        no_binary_package: Some(no_binary_package),
        no_sources: if no_sources { Some(true) } else { None },
    }
@ -386,13 +404,13 @@ pub fn resolver_installer_options(
                .filter_map(Maybe::into_option)
                .collect()
        }),
-        upgrade: flag(upgrade, no_upgrade),
+        upgrade: flag(upgrade, no_upgrade, "upgrade"),
        upgrade_package: if upgrade_package.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(upgrade_package)
        },
-        reinstall: flag(reinstall, no_reinstall),
+        reinstall: flag(reinstall, no_reinstall, "reinstall"),
        reinstall_package: if reinstall_package.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
@ -410,7 +428,7 @@ pub fn resolver_installer_options(
        dependency_metadata: None,
        config_settings: config_setting
            .map(|config_settings| config_settings.into_iter().collect::<ConfigSettings>()),
-        no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation),
+        no_build_isolation: flag(no_build_isolation, build_isolation, "build-isolation"),
        no_build_isolation_package: if no_build_isolation_package.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
@ -418,14 +436,14 @@ pub fn resolver_installer_options(
        },
        exclude_newer,
        link_mode,
-        compile_bytecode: flag(compile_bytecode, no_compile_bytecode),
-        no_build: flag(no_build, build),
+        compile_bytecode: flag(compile_bytecode, no_compile_bytecode, "compile-bytecode"),
+        no_build: flag(no_build, build, "build"),
        no_build_package: if no_build_package.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(no_build_package)
        },
-        no_binary: flag(no_binary, binary),
+        no_binary: flag(no_binary, binary, "binary"),
        no_binary_package: if no_binary_package.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
--- a/crates/uv-client/src/base_client.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-client/src/base_client.rs
@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use tracing::{debug, trace};
 use url::ParseError;
 use url::Url;

+use uv_auth::Credentials;
 use uv_auth::{AuthMiddleware, Indexes};
 use uv_configuration::{KeyringProviderType, TrustedHost};
 use uv_fs::Simplified;
@ -725,6 +726,16 @@ fn request_into_redirect(
        }
    }

+    // Check if there are credentials on the redirect location itself.
+    // If so, move them to Authorization header.
+    if !redirect_url.username().is_empty() {
+        if let Some(credentials) = Credentials::from_url(&redirect_url) {
+            let _ = redirect_url.set_username("");
+            let _ = redirect_url.set_password(None);
+            headers.insert(AUTHORIZATION, credentials.to_header_value());
+        }
+    }
+
    std::mem::swap(req.headers_mut(), &mut headers);
    *req.url_mut() = Url::from(redirect_url);
    debug!(
@ -971,6 +982,45 @@ mod tests {
        Ok(())
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_redirect_preserves_fragment() -> Result<()> {
+        for status in &[301, 302, 303, 307, 308] {
+            let server = MockServer::start().await;
+            Mock::given(method("GET"))
+                .respond_with(
+                    ResponseTemplate::new(*status)
+                        .insert_header("location", format!("{}/redirect", server.uri())),
+                )
+                .mount(&server)
+                .await;
+
+            let request = Client::new()
+                .get(format!("{}#fragment", server.uri()))
+                .build()
+                .unwrap();
+
+            let response = Client::builder()
+                .redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none())
+                .build()
+                .unwrap()
+                .execute(request.try_clone().unwrap())
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+
+            let redirect_request =
+                request_into_redirect(request, &response, CrossOriginCredentialsPolicy::Secure)?
+                    .unwrap();
+            assert!(
+                redirect_request
+                    .url()
+                    .fragment()
+                    .is_some_and(|fragment| fragment == "fragment")
+            );
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_redirect_removes_authorization_header_on_cross_origin() -> Result<()> {
        for status in &[301, 302, 303, 307, 308] {
--- a/crates/uv-client/src/registry_client.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-client/src/registry_client.rs
@ -1416,44 +1416,6 @@ mod tests {
        Ok(())
    }

-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_redirect_preserve_fragment() -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let redirect_server = MockServer::start().await;
-
-        // Configure the redirect server to respond with a 307 with a relative URL.
-        Mock::given(method("GET"))
-            .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(307).insert_header("Location", "/foo".to_string()))
-            .mount(&redirect_server)
-            .await;
-
-        Mock::given(method("GET"))
-            .and(path_regex("/foo"))
-            .respond_with(ResponseTemplate::new(200))
-            .mount(&redirect_server)
-            .await;
-
-        let cache = Cache::temp()?;
-        let registry_client = RegistryClientBuilder::new(cache).build();
-        let client = registry_client.cached_client().uncached();
-
-        let mut url = DisplaySafeUrl::parse(&redirect_server.uri())?;
-        url.set_fragment(Some("fragment"));
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            client
-                .for_host(&url)
-                .get(Url::from(url.clone()))
-                .send()
-                .await?
-                .url()
-                .to_string(),
-            format!("{}/foo#fragment", redirect_server.uri()),
-            "Requests should preserve fragment"
-        );
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn ignore_failing_files() {
        // 1.7.7 has an invalid requires-python field (double comma), 1.7.8 is valid
--- a/crates/uv-configuration/src/build_options.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/build_options.rs
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use uv_pep508::PackageName;

 use crate::{PackageNameSpecifier, PackageNameSpecifiers};

-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum BuildKind {
    /// A PEP 517 wheel build.
    #[default]
--- a/crates/uv-configuration/src/name_specifiers.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/name_specifiers.rs
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::str::FromStr;

 use uv_pep508::PackageName;
@ -63,28 +65,16 @@ impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for PackageNameSpecifier {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for PackageNameSpecifier {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "PackageNameSpecifier".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("PackageNameSpecifier")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            string: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::StringValidation {
-                // See: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/name-normalization/#name-format
-                pattern: Some(
-                    r"^(:none:|:all:|([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9._-]*[a-zA-Z0-9]))$"
-                        .to_string(),
-                ),
-                ..schemars::schema::StringValidation::default()
-            })),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some("The name of a package, or `:all:` or `:none:` to select or omit all packages, respectively.".to_string()),
-              ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": r"^(:none:|:all:|([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9._-]*[a-zA-Z0-9]))$",
+            "description": "The name of a package, or `:all:` or `:none:` to select or omit all packages, respectively.",
+        })
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-configuration/src/required_version.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/required_version.rs
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use std::fmt::Formatter;
-use std::str::FromStr;
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::{fmt::Formatter, str::FromStr};

 use uv_pep440::{Version, VersionSpecifier, VersionSpecifiers, VersionSpecifiersParseError};

@ -36,20 +37,15 @@ impl FromStr for RequiredVersion {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for RequiredVersion {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        String::from("RequiredVersion")
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("RequiredVersion")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some("A version specifier, e.g. `>=0.5.0` or `==0.5.0`.".to_string()),
-                ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "A version specifier, e.g. `>=0.5.0` or `==0.5.0`."
+        })
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-configuration/src/sources.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/sources.rs
@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[derive(
+    Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize,
+)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub enum SourceStrategy {
    /// Use `tool.uv.sources` when resolving dependencies.
--- a/crates/uv-configuration/src/threading.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/threading.rs
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub static RAYON_PARALLELISM: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
 /// `LazyLock::force(&RAYON_INITIALIZE)`.
 pub static RAYON_INITIALIZE: LazyLock<()> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    rayon::ThreadPoolBuilder::new()
-        .num_threads(RAYON_PARALLELISM.load(Ordering::SeqCst))
+        .num_threads(RAYON_PARALLELISM.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
        .stack_size(min_stack_size())
        .build_global()
        .expect("failed to initialize global rayon pool");
--- a/crates/uv-configuration/src/trusted_host.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-configuration/src/trusted_host.rs
@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer};
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use url::Url;

@ -143,20 +145,15 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for TrustedHost {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for TrustedHost {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "TrustedHost".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("TrustedHost")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some("A host or host-port pair.".to_string()),
-                ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "A host or host-port pair."
+        })
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-dev/src/generate_json_schema.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-dev/src/generate_json_schema.rs
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use anstream::println;
 use anyhow::{Result, bail};
 use pretty_assertions::StrComparison;
-use schemars::{JsonSchema, schema_for};
+use schemars::JsonSchema;
 use serde::Deserialize;

 use uv_settings::Options as SettingsOptions;
@ -91,7 +91,10 @@ const REPLACEMENTS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[

 /// Generate the JSON schema for the combined options as a string.
 fn generate() -> String {
-    let schema = schema_for!(CombinedOptions);
+    let settings = schemars::generate::SchemaSettings::draft07();
+    let generator = schemars::SchemaGenerator::new(settings);
+    let schema = generator.into_root_schema_for::<CombinedOptions>();
+
    let mut output = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&schema).unwrap();

    for (value, replacement) in REPLACEMENTS {
--- a/crates/uv-dev/src/generate_sysconfig_mappings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-dev/src/generate_sysconfig_mappings.rs
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::ROOT_DIR;
 use crate::generate_all::Mode;

 /// Contains current supported targets
-const TARGETS_YML_URL: &str = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/refs/tags/20250612/cpython-unix/targets.yml";
+const TARGETS_YML_URL: &str = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/refs/tags/20250702/cpython-unix/targets.yml";

 #[derive(clap::Args)]
 pub(crate) struct Args {
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ async fn generate() -> Result<String> {
    output.push_str("//! DO NOT EDIT\n");
    output.push_str("//!\n");
    output.push_str("//! Generated with `cargo run dev generate-sysconfig-metadata`\n");
-    output.push_str("//! Targets from <https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/blob/20250612/cpython-unix/targets.yml>\n");
+    output.push_str("//! Targets from <https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/blob/20250702/cpython-unix/targets.yml>\n");
    output.push_str("//!\n");

    // Disable clippy/fmt
--- a/crates/uv-dispatch/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-dispatch/src/lib.rs
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument, trace};
+
 use uv_build_backend::check_direct_build;
 use uv_build_frontend::{SourceBuild, SourceBuildContext};
 use uv_cache::Cache;
@ -35,8 +36,8 @@ use uv_resolver::{
    PythonRequirement, Resolver, ResolverEnvironment,
 };
 use uv_types::{
-    AnyErrorBuild, BuildContext, BuildIsolation, BuildStack, EmptyInstalledPackages, HashStrategy,
-    InFlight,
+    AnyErrorBuild, BuildArena, BuildContext, BuildIsolation, BuildStack, EmptyInstalledPackages,
+    HashStrategy, InFlight,
 };
 use uv_workspace::WorkspaceCache;

@ -179,6 +180,10 @@ impl BuildContext for BuildDispatch<'_> {
        &self.shared_state.git
    }

+    fn build_arena(&self) -> &BuildArena<SourceBuild> {
+        &self.shared_state.build_arena
+    }
+
    fn capabilities(&self) -> &IndexCapabilities {
        &self.shared_state.capabilities
    }
@ -448,12 +453,6 @@ impl BuildContext for BuildDispatch<'_> {
        build_kind: BuildKind,
        version_id: Option<&'data str>,
    ) -> Result<Option<DistFilename>, BuildDispatchError> {
-        // Direct builds are a preview feature with the uv build backend.
-        if self.preview.is_disabled() {
-            trace!("Preview is disabled, not checking for direct build");
-            return Ok(None);
-        }
-
        let source_tree = if let Some(subdir) = subdirectory {
            source.join(subdir)
        } else {
@ -521,6 +520,8 @@ pub struct SharedState {
    index: InMemoryIndex,
    /// The downloaded distributions.
    in_flight: InFlight,
+    /// Build directories for any PEP 517 builds executed during resolution or installation.
+    build_arena: BuildArena<SourceBuild>,
 }

 impl SharedState {
@ -533,6 +534,7 @@ impl SharedState {
        Self {
            git: self.git.clone(),
            capabilities: self.capabilities.clone(),
+            build_arena: self.build_arena.clone(),
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }
@ -556,4 +558,9 @@ impl SharedState {
    pub fn capabilities(&self) -> &IndexCapabilities {
        &self.capabilities
    }
+
+    /// Return the [`BuildArena`] used by the [`SharedState`].
+    pub fn build_arena(&self) -> &BuildArena<SourceBuild> {
+        &self.build_arena
+    }
 }
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-filename/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-filename/Cargo.toml
@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ rkyv = { workspace = true, features = ["smallvec-1"] }
 serde = { workspace = true }
 smallvec = { workspace = true }
 thiserror = { workspace = true }
-url = { workspace = true }

 [dev-dependencies]
 insta = { version = "1.40.0" }
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-filename/src/wheel.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-filename/src/wheel.rs
@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 use memchr::memchr;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer, de};
 use thiserror::Error;
-use url::Url;

 use uv_cache_key::cache_digest;
 use uv_normalize::{InvalidNameError, PackageName};
@ -300,29 +299,6 @@ impl WheelFilename {
    }
 }

-impl TryFrom<&Url> for WheelFilename {
-    type Error = WheelFilenameError;
-
-    fn try_from(url: &Url) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        let filename = url
-            .path_segments()
-            .ok_or_else(|| {
-                WheelFilenameError::InvalidWheelFileName(
-                    url.to_string(),
-                    "URL must have a path".to_string(),
-                )
-            })?
-            .next_back()
-            .ok_or_else(|| {
-                WheelFilenameError::InvalidWheelFileName(
-                    url.to_string(),
-                    "URL must contain a filename".to_string(),
-                )
-            })?;
-        Self::from_str(filename)
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for WheelFilename {
    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
    where
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-types/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-types/Cargo.toml
@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ uv-platform-tags = { workspace = true }
 uv-pypi-types = { workspace = true }
 uv-redacted = { workspace = true }
 uv-small-str = { workspace = true }
+uv-warnings = { workspace = true }

 arcstr = { workspace = true }
 bitflags = { workspace = true }
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/file.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/file.rs
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
 use std::str::FromStr;

@ -160,16 +161,33 @@ impl UrlString {
            .unwrap_or(self.as_ref())
    }

-    /// Return the [`UrlString`] with any fragments removed.
+    /// Return the [`UrlString`] (as a [`Cow`]) with any fragments removed.
    #[must_use]
-    pub fn without_fragment(&self) -> Self {
-        Self(
-            self.as_ref()
-                .split_once('#')
-                .map(|(path, _)| path)
-                .map(SmallString::from)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| self.0.clone()),
-        )
+    pub fn without_fragment(&self) -> Cow<'_, Self> {
+        self.as_ref()
+            .split_once('#')
+            .map(|(path, _)| Cow::Owned(UrlString(SmallString::from(path))))
+            .unwrap_or(Cow::Borrowed(self))
+    }
+
+    /// Return the [`UrlString`] (as a [`Cow`]) with trailing slash removed.
+    ///
+    /// This matches the semantics of [`Url::pop_if_empty`], which will not trim a trailing slash if
+    /// it's the only path segment, e.g., `https://example.com/` would be unchanged.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn without_trailing_slash(&self) -> Cow<'_, Self> {
+        self.as_ref()
+            .strip_suffix('/')
+            .filter(|path| {
+                // Only strip the trailing slash if there's _another_ trailing slash that isn't a
+                // part of the scheme.
+                path.split_once("://")
+                    .map(|(_scheme, rest)| rest)
+                    .unwrap_or(path)
+                    .contains('/')
+            })
+            .map(|path| Cow::Owned(UrlString(SmallString::from(path))))
+            .unwrap_or(Cow::Borrowed(self))
    }
 }

@ -252,16 +270,51 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn without_fragment() {
+        // Borrows a URL without a fragment
+        let url = UrlString("https://example.com/path".into());
+        assert_eq!(&*url.without_fragment(), &url);
+        assert!(matches!(url.without_fragment(), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
+
+        // Removes the fragment if present on the URL
        let url = UrlString("https://example.com/path?query#fragment".into());
        assert_eq!(
-            url.without_fragment(),
-            UrlString("https://example.com/path?query".into())
+            &*url.without_fragment(),
+            &UrlString("https://example.com/path?query".into())
        );
+        assert!(matches!(url.without_fragment(), Cow::Owned(_)));
+    }

-        let url = UrlString("https://example.com/path#fragment".into());
-        assert_eq!(url.base_str(), "https://example.com/path");
-
+    #[test]
+    fn without_trailing_slash() {
+        // Borrows a URL without a slash
        let url = UrlString("https://example.com/path".into());
-        assert_eq!(url.base_str(), "https://example.com/path");
+        assert_eq!(&*url.without_trailing_slash(), &url);
+        assert!(matches!(url.without_trailing_slash(), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
+
+        // Removes the trailing slash if present on the URL
+        let url = UrlString("https://example.com/path/".into());
+        assert_eq!(
+            &*url.without_trailing_slash(),
+            &UrlString("https://example.com/path".into())
+        );
+        assert!(matches!(url.without_trailing_slash(), Cow::Owned(_)));
+
+        // Does not remove a trailing slash if it's the only path segment
+        let url = UrlString("https://example.com/".into());
+        assert_eq!(&*url.without_trailing_slash(), &url);
+        assert!(matches!(url.without_trailing_slash(), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
+
+        // Does not remove a trailing slash if it's the only path segment with a missing scheme
+        let url = UrlString("example.com/".into());
+        assert_eq!(&*url.without_trailing_slash(), &url);
+        assert!(matches!(url.without_trailing_slash(), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
+
+        // Removes the trailing slash when the scheme is missing
+        let url = UrlString("example.com/path/".into());
+        assert_eq!(
+            &*url.without_trailing_slash(),
+            &UrlString("example.com/path".into())
+        );
+        assert!(matches!(url.without_trailing_slash(), Cow::Owned(_)));
    }
 }
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/index_url.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/index_url.rs
@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use url::{ParseError, Url};

 use uv_pep508::{Scheme, VerbatimUrl, VerbatimUrlError, split_scheme};
 use uv_redacted::DisplaySafeUrl;
+use uv_warnings::warn_user;

 use crate::{Index, IndexStatusCodeStrategy, Verbatim};

@ -37,6 +38,8 @@ impl IndexUrl {
    ///
    /// If no root directory is provided, relative paths are resolved against the current working
    /// directory.
+    ///
+    /// Normalizes non-file URLs by removing trailing slashes for consistency.
    pub fn parse(path: &str, root_dir: Option<&Path>) -> Result<Self, IndexUrlError> {
        let url = match split_scheme(path) {
            Some((scheme, ..)) => {
@ -92,20 +95,15 @@ impl IndexUrl {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for IndexUrl {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "IndexUrl".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("IndexUrl")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some("The URL of an index to use for fetching packages (e.g., `https://pypi.org/simple`), or a local path.".to_string()),
-              ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "The URL of an index to use for fetching packages (e.g., `https://pypi.org/simple`), or a local path."
+        })
    }
 }

@ -140,6 +138,30 @@ impl IndexUrl {
            Cow::Owned(url)
        }
    }
+
+    /// Warn user if the given URL was provided as an ambiguous relative path.
+    ///
+    /// This is a temporary warning. Ambiguous values will not be
+    /// accepted in the future.
+    pub fn warn_on_disambiguated_relative_path(&self) {
+        let Self::Path(verbatim_url) = &self else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        if let Some(path) = verbatim_url.given() {
+            if !is_disambiguated_path(path) {
+                if cfg!(windows) {
+                    warn_user!(
+                        "Relative paths passed to `--index` or `--default-index` should be disambiguated from index names (use `.\\{path}` or `./{path}`). Support for ambiguous values will be removed in the future"
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    warn_user!(
+                        "Relative paths passed to `--index` or `--default-index` should be disambiguated from index names (use `./{path}`). Support for ambiguous values will be removed in the future"
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl Display for IndexUrl {
@ -162,6 +184,28 @@ impl Verbatim for IndexUrl {
    }
 }

+/// Checks if a path is disambiguated.
+///
+/// Disambiguated paths are absolute paths, paths with valid schemes,
+/// and paths starting with "./" or "../" on Unix or ".\\", "..\\",
+/// "./", or "../" on Windows.
+fn is_disambiguated_path(path: &str) -> bool {
+    if cfg!(windows) {
+        if path.starts_with(".\\") || path.starts_with("..\\") || path.starts_with('/') {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    if path.starts_with("./") || path.starts_with("../") || Path::new(path).is_absolute() {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Check if the path has a scheme (like `file://`)
+    if let Some((scheme, _)) = split_scheme(path) {
+        return Scheme::parse(scheme).is_some();
+    }
+    // This is an ambiguous relative path
+    false
+}
+
 /// An error that can occur when parsing an [`IndexUrl`].
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum IndexUrlError {
@ -214,13 +258,20 @@ impl<'de> serde::de::Deserialize<'de> for IndexUrl {
 }

 impl From<VerbatimUrl> for IndexUrl {
-    fn from(url: VerbatimUrl) -> Self {
+    fn from(mut url: VerbatimUrl) -> Self {
        if url.scheme() == "file" {
            Self::Path(Arc::new(url))
-        } else if *url.raw() == *PYPI_URL {
-            Self::Pypi(Arc::new(url))
        } else {
-            Self::Url(Arc::new(url))
+            // Remove trailing slashes for consistency. They'll be re-added if necessary when
+            // querying the Simple API.
+            if let Ok(mut path_segments) = url.raw_mut().path_segments_mut() {
+                path_segments.pop_if_empty();
+            }
+            if *url.raw() == *PYPI_URL {
+                Self::Pypi(Arc::new(url))
+            } else {
+                Self::Url(Arc::new(url))
+            }
        }
    }
 }
@ -411,6 +462,19 @@ impl<'a> IndexLocations {
            indexes
        }
    }
+
+    /// Add all authenticated sources to the cache.
+    pub fn cache_index_credentials(&self) {
+        for index in self.allowed_indexes() {
+            if let Some(credentials) = index.credentials() {
+                let credentials = Arc::new(credentials);
+                uv_auth::store_credentials(index.raw_url(), credentials.clone());
+                if let Some(root_url) = index.root_url() {
+                    uv_auth::store_credentials(&root_url, credentials.clone());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl From<&IndexLocations> for uv_auth::Indexes {
@ -625,3 +689,41 @@ impl IndexCapabilities {
            .insert(Flags::FORBIDDEN);
    }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_index_url_parse_valid_paths() {
+        // Absolute path
+        assert!(is_disambiguated_path("/absolute/path"));
+        // Relative path
+        assert!(is_disambiguated_path("./relative/path"));
+        assert!(is_disambiguated_path("../../relative/path"));
+        if cfg!(windows) {
+            // Windows absolute path
+            assert!(is_disambiguated_path("C:/absolute/path"));
+            // Windows relative path
+            assert!(is_disambiguated_path(".\\relative\\path"));
+            assert!(is_disambiguated_path("..\\..\\relative\\path"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_index_url_parse_ambiguous_paths() {
+        // Test single-segment ambiguous path
+        assert!(!is_disambiguated_path("index"));
+        // Test multi-segment ambiguous path
+        assert!(!is_disambiguated_path("relative/path"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_index_url_parse_with_schemes() {
+        assert!(is_disambiguated_path("file:///absolute/path"));
+        assert!(is_disambiguated_path("https://registry.com/simple/"));
+        assert!(is_disambiguated_path(
+            "git+https://github.com/example/repo.git"
+        ));
+    }
+}
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/pip_index.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/pip_index.rs
@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 //! flags set.

 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize};
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::path::Path;

 use crate::{Index, IndexUrl};
@ -50,14 +52,14 @@ macro_rules! impl_index {

        #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
        impl schemars::JsonSchema for $name {
-            fn schema_name() -> String {
+            fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
                IndexUrl::schema_name()
            }

            fn json_schema(
-                r#gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator,
-            ) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-                IndexUrl::json_schema(r#gen)
+                generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator,
+            ) -> schemars::Schema {
+                IndexUrl::json_schema(generator)
            }
        }
    };
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/requires_python.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/requires_python.rs
@ -66,15 +66,8 @@ impl RequiresPython {
    ) -> Option<Self> {
        // Convert to PubGrub range and perform an intersection.
        let range = specifiers
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|specifier| release_specifiers_to_ranges(specifier.clone()))
-            .fold(None, |range: Option<Ranges<Version>>, requires_python| {
-                if let Some(range) = range {
-                    Some(range.intersection(&requires_python))
-                } else {
-                    Some(requires_python)
-                }
-            })?;
+            .map(|specs| release_specifiers_to_ranges(specs.clone()))
+            .reduce(|acc, r| acc.intersection(&r))?;

        // If the intersection is empty, return `None`.
        if range.is_empty() {
--- a/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/status_code_strategy.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution-types/src/status_code_strategy.rs
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::ops::Deref;

 use http::StatusCode;
@ -136,17 +138,17 @@ impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for SerializableStatusCode {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for SerializableStatusCode {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "StatusCode".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("StatusCode")
    }

-    fn json_schema(r#gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        let mut schema = r#gen.subschema_for::<u16>().into_object();
-        schema.metadata().description = Some("HTTP status code (100-599)".to_string());
-        schema.number().minimum = Some(100.0);
-        schema.number().maximum = Some(599.0);
-
-        schema.into()
+    fn json_schema(_generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "number",
+            "minimum": 100,
+            "maximum": 599,
+            "description": "HTTP status code (100-599)"
+        })
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-distribution/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution/src/error.rs
@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ pub enum Error {
    CacheHeal(String, HashAlgorithm),
    #[error("The source distribution requires Python {0}, but {1} is installed")]
    RequiresPython(VersionSpecifiers, Version),
+    #[error("Failed to identify base Python interpreter")]
+    BaseInterpreter(#[source] std::io::Error),

    /// A generic request middleware error happened while making a request.
    /// Refer to the error message for more details.
--- a/crates/uv-distribution/src/metadata/lowering.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution/src/metadata/lowering.rs
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use uv_git_types::{GitReference, GitUrl, GitUrlParseError};
 use uv_normalize::{ExtraName, GroupName, PackageName};
 use uv_pep440::VersionSpecifiers;
 use uv_pep508::{MarkerTree, VerbatimUrl, VersionOrUrl, looks_like_git_repository};
-use uv_pypi_types::{ConflictItem, ParsedUrlError, VerbatimParsedUrl};
+use uv_pypi_types::{ConflictItem, ParsedGitUrl, ParsedUrlError, VerbatimParsedUrl};
 use uv_redacted::DisplaySafeUrl;
 use uv_workspace::Workspace;
 use uv_workspace::pyproject::{PyProjectToml, Source, Sources};
@ -700,17 +700,23 @@ fn path_source(
    };
    if is_dir {
        if let Some(git_member) = git_member {
+            let git = git_member.git_source.git.clone();
            let subdirectory = uv_fs::relative_to(install_path, git_member.fetch_root)
                .expect("Workspace member must be relative");
            let subdirectory = uv_fs::normalize_path_buf(subdirectory);
+            let subdirectory = if subdirectory == PathBuf::new() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(subdirectory.into_boxed_path())
+            };
+            let url = DisplaySafeUrl::from(ParsedGitUrl {
+                url: git.clone(),
+                subdirectory: subdirectory.clone(),
+            });
            return Ok(RequirementSource::Git {
-                git: git_member.git_source.git.clone(),
-                subdirectory: if subdirectory == PathBuf::new() {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(subdirectory.into_boxed_path())
-                },
-                url,
+                git,
+                subdirectory,
+                url: VerbatimUrl::from_url(url),
            });
        }

--- a/crates/uv-distribution/src/source/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-distribution/src/source/mod.rs
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ use uv_normalize::PackageName;
 use uv_pep440::{Version, release_specifiers_to_ranges};
 use uv_platform_tags::Tags;
 use uv_pypi_types::{HashAlgorithm, HashDigest, HashDigests, PyProjectToml, ResolutionMetadata};
-use uv_types::{BuildContext, BuildStack, SourceBuildTrait};
+use uv_types::{BuildContext, BuildKey, BuildStack, SourceBuildTrait};
 use uv_workspace::pyproject::ToolUvSources;

 use crate::distribution_database::ManagedClient;
@ -1860,6 +1860,12 @@ impl<'a, T: BuildContext> SourceDistributionBuilder<'a, T> {
            }
        };

+        // If the URL is already precise, return it.
+        if self.build_context.git().get_precise(git).is_some() {
+            debug!("Precise commit already known: {source}");
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
        // If this is GitHub URL, attempt to resolve to a precise commit using the GitHub API.
        if self
            .build_context
@ -2270,6 +2276,7 @@ impl<'a, T: BuildContext> SourceDistributionBuilder<'a, T> {
        fs::create_dir_all(&cache_shard)
            .await
            .map_err(Error::CacheWrite)?;
+
        // Try a direct build if that isn't disabled and the uv build backend is used.
        let disk_filename = if let Some(name) = self
            .build_context
@ -2290,27 +2297,73 @@ impl<'a, T: BuildContext> SourceDistributionBuilder<'a, T> {
            // In the uv build backend, the normalized filename and the disk filename are the same.
            name.to_string()
        } else {
-            self.build_context
-                .setup_build(
-                    source_root,
-                    subdirectory,
-                    source_root,
-                    Some(&source.to_string()),
-                    source.as_dist(),
-                    source_strategy,
-                    if source.is_editable() {
-                        BuildKind::Editable
-                    } else {
-                        BuildKind::Wheel
-                    },
-                    BuildOutput::Debug,
-                    self.build_stack.cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
-                )
-                .await
-                .map_err(|err| Error::Build(err.into()))?
-                .wheel(temp_dir.path())
-                .await
-                .map_err(Error::Build)?
+            // Identify the base Python interpreter to use in the cache key.
+            let base_python = if cfg!(unix) {
+                self.build_context
+                    .interpreter()
+                    .find_base_python()
+                    .map_err(Error::BaseInterpreter)?
+            } else {
+                self.build_context
+                    .interpreter()
+                    .to_base_python()
+                    .map_err(Error::BaseInterpreter)?
+            };
+
+            let build_kind = if source.is_editable() {
+                BuildKind::Editable
+            } else {
+                BuildKind::Wheel
+            };
+
+            let build_key = BuildKey {
+                base_python: base_python.into_boxed_path(),
+                source_root: source_root.to_path_buf().into_boxed_path(),
+                subdirectory: subdirectory
+                    .map(|subdirectory| subdirectory.to_path_buf().into_boxed_path()),
+                source_strategy,
+                build_kind,
+            };
+
+            if let Some(builder) = self.build_context.build_arena().remove(&build_key) {
+                debug!("Creating build environment for: {source}");
+                let wheel = builder.wheel(temp_dir.path()).await.map_err(Error::Build)?;
+
+                // Store the build context.
+                self.build_context.build_arena().insert(build_key, builder);
+
+                wheel
+            } else {
+                debug!("Reusing existing build environment for: {source}");
+
+                let builder = self
+                    .build_context
+                    .setup_build(
+                        source_root,
+                        subdirectory,
+                        source_root,
+                        Some(&source.to_string()),
+                        source.as_dist(),
+                        source_strategy,
+                        if source.is_editable() {
+                            BuildKind::Editable
+                        } else {
+                            BuildKind::Wheel
+                        },
+                        BuildOutput::Debug,
+                        self.build_stack.cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|err| Error::Build(err.into()))?;
+
+                // Build the wheel.
+                let wheel = builder.wheel(temp_dir.path()).await.map_err(Error::Build)?;
+
+                // Store the build context.
+                self.build_context.build_arena().insert(build_key, builder);
+
+                wheel
+            }
        };

        // Read the metadata from the wheel.
@ -2365,6 +2418,26 @@ impl<'a, T: BuildContext> SourceDistributionBuilder<'a, T> {
            }
        }

+        // Identify the base Python interpreter to use in the cache key.
+        let base_python = if cfg!(unix) {
+            self.build_context
+                .interpreter()
+                .find_base_python()
+                .map_err(Error::BaseInterpreter)?
+        } else {
+            self.build_context
+                .interpreter()
+                .to_base_python()
+                .map_err(Error::BaseInterpreter)?
+        };
+
+        // Determine whether this is an editable or non-editable build.
+        let build_kind = if source.is_editable() {
+            BuildKind::Editable
+        } else {
+            BuildKind::Wheel
+        };
+
        // Set up the builder.
        let mut builder = self
            .build_context
@ -2375,11 +2448,7 @@ impl<'a, T: BuildContext> SourceDistributionBuilder<'a, T> {
                Some(&source.to_string()),
                source.as_dist(),
                source_strategy,
-                if source.is_editable() {
-                    BuildKind::Editable
-                } else {
-                    BuildKind::Wheel
-                },
+                build_kind,
                BuildOutput::Debug,
                self.build_stack.cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
            )
@ -2388,6 +2457,21 @@ impl<'a, T: BuildContext> SourceDistributionBuilder<'a, T> {

        // Build the metadata.
        let dist_info = builder.metadata().await.map_err(Error::Build)?;
+
+        // Store the build context.
+        self.build_context.build_arena().insert(
+            BuildKey {
+                base_python: base_python.into_boxed_path(),
+                source_root: source_root.to_path_buf().into_boxed_path(),
+                subdirectory: subdirectory
+                    .map(|subdirectory| subdirectory.to_path_buf().into_boxed_path()),
+                source_strategy,
+                build_kind,
+            },
+            builder,
+        );
+
+        // Return the `.dist-info` directory, if it exists.
        let Some(dist_info) = dist_info else {
            return Ok(None);
        };
--- a/crates/uv-extract/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-extract/src/error.rs
@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ use std::{ffi::OsString, path::PathBuf};

 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum Error {
-    #[error(transparent)]
+    #[error("Failed to read from zip file")]
    Zip(#[from] zip::result::ZipError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
+    #[error("Failed to read from zip file")]
    AsyncZip(#[from] async_zip::error::ZipError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
+    #[error("I/O operation failed during extraction")]
    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
    #[error(
        "The top-level of the archive must only contain a list directory, but it contains: {0:?}"
--- a/crates/uv-fs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-fs/src/lib.rs
@ -601,6 +601,7 @@ pub fn is_virtualenv_base(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> bool {

 /// A file lock that is automatically released when dropped.
 #[derive(Debug)]
+#[must_use]
 pub struct LockedFile(fs_err::File);

 impl LockedFile {
--- a/crates/uv-fs/src/path.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-fs/src/path.rs
@ -330,11 +330,11 @@ pub struct PortablePathBuf(Box<Path>);

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for PortablePathBuf {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        PathBuf::schema_name()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("PortablePathBuf")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
+    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
        PathBuf::json_schema(_gen)
    }
 }
--- a/crates/uv-fs/src/which.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-fs/src/which.rs
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ fn get_binary_type(path: &Path) -> windows::core::Result<u32> {
        .chain(Some(0))
        .collect::<Vec<u16>>();
    // SAFETY: winapi call
-    unsafe { GetBinaryTypeW(PCWSTR(name.as_ptr()), &mut binary_type)? };
+    unsafe { GetBinaryTypeW(PCWSTR(name.as_ptr()), &raw mut binary_type)? };
    Ok(binary_type)
 }

--- a/crates/uv-git/src/git.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-git/src/git.rs
@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ use uv_redacted::DisplaySafeUrl;
 use uv_static::EnvVars;
 use uv_version::version;

+use crate::rate_limit::{GITHUB_RATE_LIMIT_STATUS, is_github_rate_limited};
+
 /// A file indicates that if present, `git reset` has been done and a repo
 /// checkout is ready to go. See [`GitCheckout::reset`] for why we need this.
 const CHECKOUT_READY_LOCK: &str = ".ok";
@ -787,7 +789,15 @@ fn github_fast_path(
        }
    };

-    let url = format!("https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}/commits/{github_branch_name}");
+    // Check if we're rate-limited by GitHub before determining the FastPathRev
+    if GITHUB_RATE_LIMIT_STATUS.is_active() {
+        debug!("Skipping GitHub fast path attempt for: {url} (rate-limited)");
+        return Ok(FastPathRev::Indeterminate);
+    }
+
+    let base_url = std::env::var(EnvVars::UV_GITHUB_FAST_PATH_URL)
+        .unwrap_or("https://api.github.com/repos".to_owned());
+    let url = format!("{base_url}/{owner}/{repo}/commits/{github_branch_name}");

    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
        .enable_all()
@ -807,6 +817,11 @@ fn github_fast_path(

        let response = request.send().await?;

+        if is_github_rate_limited(&response) {
+            // Mark that we are being rate-limited by GitHub
+            GITHUB_RATE_LIMIT_STATUS.activate();
+        }
+
        // GitHub returns a 404 if the repository does not exist, and a 422 if it exists but GitHub
        // is unable to resolve the requested revision.
        response.error_for_status_ref()?;
--- a/crates/uv-git/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-git/src/lib.rs
@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ pub use crate::source::{Fetch, GitSource, Reporter};

 mod credentials;
 mod git;
+mod rate_limit;
 mod resolver;
 mod source;
--- a/crates/uv-git/src/rate_limit.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-git/src/rate_limit.rs
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use reqwest::{Response, StatusCode};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+
+/// A global state on whether we are being rate-limited by GitHub's REST API.
+/// If we are, avoid "fast-path" attempts.
+pub(crate) static GITHUB_RATE_LIMIT_STATUS: GitHubRateLimitStatus = GitHubRateLimitStatus::new();
+
+/// GitHub REST API rate limit status tracker.
+///
+/// ## Assumptions
+///
+/// The rate limit timeout duration is much longer than the runtime of a `uv` command.
+/// And so we do not need to invalidate this state based on `x-ratelimit-reset`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct GitHubRateLimitStatus(AtomicBool);
+
+impl GitHubRateLimitStatus {
+    const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(AtomicBool::new(false))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn activate(&self) {
+        self.0.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Determine if GitHub is applying rate-limiting based on the response
+pub(crate) fn is_github_rate_limited(response: &Response) -> bool {
+    // HTTP 403 and 429 are possible status codes in the event of a primary or secondary rate limit.
+    // Source: https://docs.github.com/en/rest/using-the-rest-api/troubleshooting-the-rest-api?apiVersion=2022-11-28#rate-limit-errors
+    let status_code = response.status();
+    status_code == StatusCode::FORBIDDEN || status_code == StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
+}
--- a/crates/uv-git/src/resolver.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-git/src/resolver.rs
@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ use uv_git_types::{GitHubRepository, GitOid, GitReference, GitUrl};
 use uv_static::EnvVars;
 use uv_version::version;

-use crate::{Fetch, GitSource, Reporter};
+use crate::{
+    Fetch, GitSource, Reporter,
+    rate_limit::{GITHUB_RATE_LIMIT_STATUS, is_github_rate_limited},
+};

 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum GitResolverError {
@ -46,6 +49,21 @@ impl GitResolver {
        self.0.get(reference)
    }

+    pub fn get_precise(&self, url: &GitUrl) -> Option<GitOid> {
+        // If the URL is already precise, return it.
+        if let Some(precise) = url.precise() {
+            return Some(precise);
+        }
+
+        // If we know the precise commit already, return it.
+        let reference = RepositoryReference::from(url);
+        if let Some(precise) = self.get(&reference) {
+            return Some(*precise);
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+
    /// Resolve a Git URL to a specific commit without performing any Git operations.
    ///
    /// Returns a [`GitOid`] if the URL has already been resolved (i.e., is available in the cache),
@ -59,31 +77,32 @@ impl GitResolver {
            return Ok(None);
        }

-        let reference = RepositoryReference::from(url);
-
-        // If the URL is already precise, return it.
-        if let Some(precise) = url.precise() {
+        // If the URL is already precise or we know the precise commit, return it.
+        if let Some(precise) = self.get_precise(url) {
            return Ok(Some(precise));
        }

-        // If we know the precise commit already, return it.
-        if let Some(precise) = self.get(&reference) {
-            return Ok(Some(*precise));
-        }
-
        // If the URL is a GitHub URL, attempt to resolve it via the GitHub API.
        let Some(GitHubRepository { owner, repo }) = GitHubRepository::parse(url.repository())
        else {
            return Ok(None);
        };

+        // Check if we're rate-limited by GitHub, before determining the Git reference
+        if GITHUB_RATE_LIMIT_STATUS.is_active() {
+            debug!("Rate-limited by GitHub. Skipping GitHub fast path attempt for: {url}");
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+
        // Determine the Git reference.
        let rev = url.reference().as_rev();

-        let url = format!("https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}/commits/{rev}");
+        let github_api_base_url = std::env::var(EnvVars::UV_GITHUB_FAST_PATH_URL)
+            .unwrap_or("https://api.github.com/repos".to_owned());
+        let github_api_url = format!("{github_api_base_url}/{owner}/{repo}/commits/{rev}");

-        debug!("Querying GitHub for commit at: {url}");
-        let mut request = client.get(&url);
+        debug!("Querying GitHub for commit at: {github_api_url}");
+        let mut request = client.get(&github_api_url);
        request = request.header("Accept", "application/vnd.github.3.sha");
        request = request.header(
            "User-Agent",
@ -91,13 +110,20 @@ impl GitResolver {
        );

        let response = request.send().await?;
-        if !response.status().is_success() {
+        let status = response.status();
+        if !status.is_success() {
            // Returns a 404 if the repository does not exist, and a 422 if GitHub is unable to
            // resolve the requested rev.
            debug!(
-                "GitHub API request failed for: {url} ({})",
+                "GitHub API request failed for: {github_api_url} ({})",
                response.status()
            );
+
+            if is_github_rate_limited(&response) {
+                // Mark that we are being rate-limited by GitHub
+                GITHUB_RATE_LIMIT_STATUS.activate();
+            }
+
            return Ok(None);
        }

@ -108,7 +134,7 @@ impl GitResolver {

        // Insert the resolved URL into the in-memory cache. This ensures that subsequent fetches
        // resolve to the same precise commit.
-        self.insert(reference, precise);
+        self.insert(RepositoryReference::from(url), precise);

        Ok(Some(precise))
    }
--- a/crates/uv-pep440/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep440/src/lib.rs
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub use {
        VersionPatternParseError,
    },
    version_specifier::{
-        VersionSpecifier, VersionSpecifierBuildError, VersionSpecifiers,
+        TildeVersionSpecifier, VersionSpecifier, VersionSpecifierBuildError, VersionSpecifiers,
        VersionSpecifiersParseError,
    },
 };
--- a/crates/uv-pep440/src/version.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep440/src/version.rs
@ -610,6 +610,24 @@ impl Version {
        Self::new(self.release().iter().copied())
    }

+    /// Return the version with any segments apart from the release removed, with trailing zeroes
+    /// trimmed.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn only_release_trimmed(&self) -> Self {
+        if let Some(last_non_zero) = self.release().iter().rposition(|segment| *segment != 0) {
+            if last_non_zero == self.release().len() {
+                // Already trimmed.
+                self.clone()
+            } else {
+                Self::new(self.release().iter().take(last_non_zero + 1).copied())
+            }
+        } else {
+            // `0` is a valid version.
+            Self::new([0])
+        }
+    }
+
    /// Return the version with trailing `.0` release segments removed.
    ///
    /// # Panics
--- a/crates/uv-pep440/src/version_ranges.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep440/src/version_ranges.rs
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ impl From<VersionSpecifier> for Ranges<Version> {
 pub fn release_specifiers_to_ranges(specifiers: VersionSpecifiers) -> Ranges<Version> {
    let mut range = Ranges::full();
    for specifier in specifiers {
-        range = range.intersection(&release_specifier_to_range(specifier));
+        range = range.intersection(&release_specifier_to_range(specifier, false));
    }
    range
 }
@ -148,67 +148,57 @@ pub fn release_specifiers_to_ranges(specifiers: VersionSpecifiers) -> Ranges<Ver
 /// is allowed for projects that declare `requires-python = ">3.13"`.
 ///
 /// See: <https://github.com/pypa/pip/blob/a432c7f4170b9ef798a15f035f5dfdb4cc939f35/src/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py#L540>
-pub fn release_specifier_to_range(specifier: VersionSpecifier) -> Ranges<Version> {
+pub fn release_specifier_to_range(specifier: VersionSpecifier, trim: bool) -> Ranges<Version> {
    let VersionSpecifier { operator, version } = specifier;
+    // Note(konsti): We switched strategies to trimmed for the markers, but we don't want to cause
+    // churn in lockfile requires-python, so we only trim for markers.
+    let version_trimmed = if trim {
+        version.only_release_trimmed()
+    } else {
+        version.only_release()
+    };
    match operator {
-        Operator::Equal => {
-            let version = version.only_release();
-            Ranges::singleton(version)
-        }
-        Operator::ExactEqual => {
-            let version = version.only_release();
-            Ranges::singleton(version)
-        }
-        Operator::NotEqual => {
-            let version = version.only_release();
-            Ranges::singleton(version).complement()
-        }
+        // Trailing zeroes are not semantically relevant.
+        Operator::Equal => Ranges::singleton(version_trimmed),
+        Operator::ExactEqual => Ranges::singleton(version_trimmed),
+        Operator::NotEqual => Ranges::singleton(version_trimmed).complement(),
+        Operator::LessThan => Ranges::strictly_lower_than(version_trimmed),
+        Operator::LessThanEqual => Ranges::lower_than(version_trimmed),
+        Operator::GreaterThan => Ranges::strictly_higher_than(version_trimmed),
+        Operator::GreaterThanEqual => Ranges::higher_than(version_trimmed),
+
+        // Trailing zeroes are semantically relevant.
        Operator::TildeEqual => {
            let release = version.release();
            let [rest @ .., last, _] = &*release else {
                unreachable!("~= must have at least two segments");
            };
            let upper = Version::new(rest.iter().chain([&(last + 1)]));
-            let version = version.only_release();
-            Ranges::from_range_bounds(version..upper)
-        }
-        Operator::LessThan => {
-            let version = version.only_release();
-            Ranges::strictly_lower_than(version)
-        }
-        Operator::LessThanEqual => {
-            let version = version.only_release();
-            Ranges::lower_than(version)
-        }
-        Operator::GreaterThan => {
-            let version = version.only_release();
-            Ranges::strictly_higher_than(version)
-        }
-        Operator::GreaterThanEqual => {
-            let version = version.only_release();
-            Ranges::higher_than(version)
+            Ranges::from_range_bounds(version_trimmed..upper)
        }
        Operator::EqualStar => {
-            let low = version.only_release();
+            // For (not-)equal-star, trailing zeroes are still before the star.
+            let low_full = version.only_release();
            let high = {
-                let mut high = low.clone();
+                let mut high = low_full.clone();
                let mut release = high.release().to_vec();
                *release.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
                high = high.with_release(release);
                high
            };
-            Ranges::from_range_bounds(low..high)
+            Ranges::from_range_bounds(version..high)
        }
        Operator::NotEqualStar => {
-            let low = version.only_release();
+            // For (not-)equal-star, trailing zeroes are still before the star.
+            let low_full = version.only_release();
            let high = {
-                let mut high = low.clone();
+                let mut high = low_full.clone();
                let mut release = high.release().to_vec();
                *release.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
                high = high.with_release(release);
                high
            };
-            Ranges::from_range_bounds(low..high).complement()
+            Ranges::from_range_bounds(version..high).complement()
        }
    }
 }
@ -223,8 +213,8 @@ impl LowerBound {
    /// These bounds use release-only semantics when comparing versions.
    pub fn new(bound: Bound<Version>) -> Self {
        Self(match bound {
-            Bound::Included(version) => Bound::Included(version.only_release()),
-            Bound::Excluded(version) => Bound::Excluded(version.only_release()),
+            Bound::Included(version) => Bound::Included(version.only_release_trimmed()),
+            Bound::Excluded(version) => Bound::Excluded(version.only_release_trimmed()),
            Bound::Unbounded => Bound::Unbounded,
        })
    }
@ -358,8 +348,8 @@ impl UpperBound {
    /// These bounds use release-only semantics when comparing versions.
    pub fn new(bound: Bound<Version>) -> Self {
        Self(match bound {
-            Bound::Included(version) => Bound::Included(version.only_release()),
-            Bound::Excluded(version) => Bound::Excluded(version.only_release()),
+            Bound::Included(version) => Bound::Included(version.only_release_trimmed()),
+            Bound::Excluded(version) => Bound::Excluded(version.only_release_trimmed()),
            Bound::Unbounded => Bound::Unbounded,
        })
    }
--- a/crates/uv-pep440/src/version_specifier.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep440/src/version_specifier.rs
@ -80,24 +80,38 @@ impl VersionSpecifiers {

        // Add specifiers for the holes between the bounds.
        for (lower, upper) in bounds {
-            match (next, lower) {
+            let specifier = match (next, lower) {
                // Ex) [3.7, 3.8.5), (3.8.5, 3.9] -> >=3.7,!=3.8.5,<=3.9
                (Bound::Excluded(prev), Bound::Excluded(lower)) if prev == lower => {
-                    specifiers.push(VersionSpecifier::not_equals_version(prev.clone()));
+                    Some(VersionSpecifier::not_equals_version(prev.clone()))
                }
                // Ex) [3.7, 3.8), (3.8, 3.9] -> >=3.7,!=3.8.*,<=3.9
-                (Bound::Excluded(prev), Bound::Included(lower))
-                    if prev.release().len() == 2
-                        && *lower.release() == [prev.release()[0], prev.release()[1] + 1] =>
-                {
-                    specifiers.push(VersionSpecifier::not_equals_star_version(prev.clone()));
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
-                    warn!(
-                        "Ignoring unsupported gap in `requires-python` version: {next:?} -> {lower:?}"
-                    );
+                (Bound::Excluded(prev), Bound::Included(lower)) => {
+                    match *prev.only_release_trimmed().release() {
+                        [major] if *lower.only_release_trimmed().release() == [major, 1] => {
+                            Some(VersionSpecifier::not_equals_star_version(Version::new([
+                                major, 0,
+                            ])))
+                        }
+                        [major, minor]
+                            if *lower.only_release_trimmed().release() == [major, minor + 1] =>
+                        {
+                            Some(VersionSpecifier::not_equals_star_version(Version::new([
+                                major, minor,
+                            ])))
+                        }
+                        _ => None,
+                    }
                }
+                _ => None,
+            };
+            if let Some(specifier) = specifier {
+                specifiers.push(specifier);
+            } else {
+                #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
+                warn!(
+                    "Ignoring unsupported gap in `requires-python` version: {next:?} -> {lower:?}"
+                );
            }
            next = upper;
        }
@ -348,6 +362,33 @@ impl VersionSpecifier {
        Ok(Self { operator, version })
    }

+    /// Remove all non-release parts of the version.
+    ///
+    /// The marker decision diagram relies on the assumption that the negation of a marker tree is
+    /// the complement of the marker space. However, pre-release versions violate this assumption.
+    ///
+    /// For example, the marker `python_full_version > '3.9' or python_full_version <= '3.9'`
+    /// does not match `python_full_version == 3.9.0a0` and so cannot simplify to `true`. However,
+    /// its negation, `python_full_version > '3.9' and python_full_version <= '3.9'`, also does not
+    /// match `3.9.0a0` and simplifies to `false`, which violates the algebra decision diagrams
+    /// rely on. For this reason we ignore pre-release versions entirely when evaluating markers.
+    ///
+    /// Note that `python_version` cannot take on pre-release values as it is truncated to just the
+    /// major and minor version segments. Thus using release-only specifiers is definitely necessary
+    /// for `python_version` to fully simplify any ranges, such as
+    /// `python_version > '3.9' or python_version <= '3.9'`, which is always `true` for
+    /// `python_version`. For `python_full_version` however, this decision is a semantic change.
+    ///
+    /// For Python versions, the major.minor is considered the API version, so unlike the rules
+    /// for package versions in PEP 440, we Python `3.9.0a0` is acceptable for `>= "3.9"`.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn only_release(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            operator: self.operator,
+            version: self.version.only_release(),
+        }
+    }
+
    /// `==<version>`
    pub fn equals_version(version: Version) -> Self {
        Self {
@ -416,7 +457,7 @@ impl VersionSpecifier {
        &self.operator
    }

-    /// Get the version, e.g. `<=` in `<= 2.0.0`
+    /// Get the version, e.g. `2.0.0` in `<= 2.0.0`
    pub fn version(&self) -> &Version {
        &self.version
    }
@ -442,14 +483,23 @@ impl VersionSpecifier {
                (Some(VersionSpecifier::equals_version(v1.clone())), None)
            }
            // `v >= 3.7 && v < 3.8` is equivalent to `v == 3.7.*`
-            (Bound::Included(v1), Bound::Excluded(v2))
-                if v1.release().len() == 2
-                    && *v2.release() == [v1.release()[0], v1.release()[1] + 1] =>
-            {
-                (
-                    Some(VersionSpecifier::equals_star_version(v1.clone())),
-                    None,
-                )
+            (Bound::Included(v1), Bound::Excluded(v2)) => {
+                match *v1.only_release_trimmed().release() {
+                    [major] if *v2.only_release_trimmed().release() == [major, 1] => {
+                        let version = Version::new([major, 0]);
+                        (Some(VersionSpecifier::equals_star_version(version)), None)
+                    }
+                    [major, minor]
+                        if *v2.only_release_trimmed().release() == [major, minor + 1] =>
+                    {
+                        let version = Version::new([major, minor]);
+                        (Some(VersionSpecifier::equals_star_version(version)), None)
+                    }
+                    _ => (
+                        VersionSpecifier::from_lower_bound(&Bound::Included(v1.clone())),
+                        VersionSpecifier::from_upper_bound(&Bound::Excluded(v2.clone())),
+                    ),
+                }
            }
            (lower, upper) => (
                VersionSpecifier::from_lower_bound(lower),
@ -838,6 +888,90 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_version_specifiers(
    Ok(version_ranges)
 }

+/// A simple `~=` version specifier with a major, minor and (optional) patch version, e.g., `~=3.13`
+/// or `~=3.13.0`.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct TildeVersionSpecifier<'a> {
+    inner: Cow<'a, VersionSpecifier>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> TildeVersionSpecifier<'a> {
+    /// Create a new [`TildeVersionSpecifier`] from a [`VersionSpecifier`] value.
+    ///
+    /// If a [`Operator::TildeEqual`] is not used, or the version includes more than minor and patch
+    /// segments, this will return [`None`].
+    pub fn from_specifier(specifier: VersionSpecifier) -> Option<TildeVersionSpecifier<'a>> {
+        TildeVersionSpecifier::new(Cow::Owned(specifier))
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new [`TildeVersionSpecifier`] from a [`VersionSpecifier`] reference.
+    ///
+    /// See [`TildeVersionSpecifier::from_specifier`].
+    pub fn from_specifier_ref(
+        specifier: &'a VersionSpecifier,
+    ) -> Option<TildeVersionSpecifier<'a>> {
+        TildeVersionSpecifier::new(Cow::Borrowed(specifier))
+    }
+
+    fn new(specifier: Cow<'a, VersionSpecifier>) -> Option<Self> {
+        if specifier.operator != Operator::TildeEqual {
+            return None;
+        }
+        if specifier.version().release().len() < 2 || specifier.version().release().len() > 3 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        if specifier.version().any_prerelease()
+            || specifier.version().is_local()
+            || specifier.version().is_post()
+        {
+            return None;
+        }
+        Some(Self { inner: specifier })
+    }
+
+    /// Whether a patch version is present in this tilde version specifier.
+    pub fn has_patch(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.version.release().len() == 3
+    }
+
+    /// Construct the lower and upper bounding version specifiers for this tilde version specifier,
+    /// e.g., for `~=3.13` this would return `>=3.13` and `<4` and for `~=3.13.0` it would
+    /// return `>=3.13.0` and `<3.14`.
+    pub fn bounding_specifiers(&self) -> (VersionSpecifier, VersionSpecifier) {
+        let release = self.inner.version().release();
+        let lower = self.inner.version.clone();
+        let upper = if self.has_patch() {
+            Version::new([release[0], release[1] + 1])
+        } else {
+            Version::new([release[0] + 1])
+        };
+        (
+            VersionSpecifier::greater_than_equal_version(lower),
+            VersionSpecifier::less_than_version(upper),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a new tilde `VersionSpecifier` with the given patch version appended.
+    pub fn with_patch_version(&self, patch: u64) -> TildeVersionSpecifier {
+        let mut release = self.inner.version.release().to_vec();
+        if self.has_patch() {
+            release.pop();
+        }
+        release.push(patch);
+        TildeVersionSpecifier::from_specifier(
+            VersionSpecifier::from_version(Operator::TildeEqual, Version::new(release))
+                .expect("We should always derive a valid new version specifier"),
+        )
+        .expect("We should always derive a new tilde version specifier")
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for TildeVersionSpecifier<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.inner)
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use std::{cmp::Ordering, str::FromStr};
--- a/crates/uv-pep508/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-pep508/Cargo.toml
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ version-ranges = { workspace = true }

 [dev-dependencies]
 insta = { version = "1.40.0" }
-serde_json = { version = "1.0.128" }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
 tracing-test = { version = "0.2.5" }

 [features]
--- a/crates/uv-pep508/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep508/src/lib.rs
@ -16,6 +16,8 @@

 #![warn(missing_docs)]

+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter};
 use std::path::Path;
@ -334,22 +336,15 @@ impl Reporter for TracingReporter {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl<T: Pep508Url> schemars::JsonSchema for Requirement<T> {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "Requirement".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("Requirement")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some(
-                    "A PEP 508 dependency specifier, e.g., `ruff >= 0.6.0`".to_string(),
-                ),
-                ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "A PEP 508 dependency specifier, e.g., `ruff >= 0.6.0`"
+        })
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-pep508/src/marker/algebra.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep508/src/marker/algebra.rs
@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl InternerGuard<'_> {
                ),
                // Normalize `python_version` markers to `python_full_version` nodes.
                MarkerValueVersion::PythonVersion => {
-                    match python_version_to_full_version(normalize_specifier(specifier)) {
+                    match python_version_to_full_version(specifier.only_release()) {
                        Ok(specifier) => (
                            Variable::Version(CanonicalMarkerValueVersion::PythonFullVersion),
                            Edges::from_specifier(specifier),
@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ impl Edges {

    /// Returns the [`Edges`] for a version specifier.
    fn from_specifier(specifier: VersionSpecifier) -> Edges {
-        let specifier = release_specifier_to_range(normalize_specifier(specifier));
+        let specifier = release_specifier_to_range(specifier.only_release(), true);
        Edges::Version {
            edges: Edges::from_range(&specifier),
        }
@ -1227,9 +1227,9 @@ impl Edges {
        let mut range: Ranges<Version> = versions
            .into_iter()
            .map(|version| {
-                let specifier = VersionSpecifier::equals_version(version.clone());
+                let specifier = VersionSpecifier::equals_version(version.only_release());
                let specifier = python_version_to_full_version(specifier)?;
-                Ok(release_specifier_to_range(normalize_specifier(specifier)))
+                Ok(release_specifier_to_range(specifier, true))
            })
            .flatten_ok()
            .collect::<Result<Ranges<_>, NodeId>>()?;
@ -1526,57 +1526,62 @@ impl Edges {
    }
 }

-// Normalize a [`VersionSpecifier`] before adding it to the tree.
-fn normalize_specifier(specifier: VersionSpecifier) -> VersionSpecifier {
-    let (operator, version) = specifier.into_parts();
-
-    // The decision diagram relies on the assumption that the negation of a marker tree is
-    // the complement of the marker space. However, pre-release versions violate this assumption.
-    //
-    // For example, the marker `python_full_version > '3.9' or python_full_version <= '3.9'`
-    // does not match `python_full_version == 3.9.0a0` and so cannot simplify to `true`. However,
-    // its negation, `python_full_version > '3.9' and python_full_version <= '3.9'`, also does not
-    // match `3.9.0a0` and simplifies to `false`, which violates the algebra decision diagrams
-    // rely on. For this reason we ignore pre-release versions entirely when evaluating markers.
-    //
-    // Note that `python_version` cannot take on pre-release values as it is truncated to just the
-    // major and minor version segments. Thus using release-only specifiers is definitely necessary
-    // for `python_version` to fully simplify any ranges, such as `python_version > '3.9' or python_version <= '3.9'`,
-    // which is always `true` for `python_version`. For `python_full_version` however, this decision
-    // is a semantic change.
-    let mut release = &*version.release();
-
-    // Strip any trailing `0`s.
-    //
-    // The [`Version`] type ignores trailing `0`s for equality, but still preserves them in its
-    // [`Display`] output. We must normalize all versions by stripping trailing `0`s to remove the
-    // distinction between versions like `3.9` and `3.9.0`. Otherwise, their output would depend on
-    // which form was added to the global marker interner first.
-    //
-    // Note that we cannot strip trailing `0`s for star equality, as `==3.0.*` is different from `==3.*`.
-    if !operator.is_star() {
-        if let Some(end) = release.iter().rposition(|segment| *segment != 0) {
-            if end > 0 {
-                release = &release[..=end];
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    VersionSpecifier::from_version(operator, Version::new(release)).unwrap()
-}
-
 /// Returns the equivalent `python_full_version` specifier for a `python_version` specifier.
 ///
 /// Returns `Err` with a constant node if the equivalent comparison is always `true` or `false`.
 fn python_version_to_full_version(specifier: VersionSpecifier) -> Result<VersionSpecifier, NodeId> {
+    // Trailing zeroes matter only for (not-)equals-star and tilde-equals. This means that below
+    // the next two blocks, we can use the trimmed release as the release.
+    if specifier.operator().is_star() {
+        // Input          python_version  python_full_version
+        // ==3.*          3.*             3.*
+        // ==3.0.*        3.0             3.0.*
+        // ==3.0.0.*      3.0             3.0.*
+        // ==3.9.*        3.9             3.9.*
+        // ==3.9.0.*      3.9             3.9.*
+        // ==3.9.0.0.*    3.9             3.9.*
+        // ==3.9.1.*      FALSE           FALSE
+        // ==3.9.1.0.*    FALSE           FALSE
+        // ==3.9.1.0.0.*  FALSE           FALSE
+        return match &*specifier.version().release() {
+            // `3.*`
+            [_major] => Ok(specifier),
+            // Ex) `3.9.*`, `3.9.0.*`, or `3.9.0.0.*`
+            [major, minor, rest @ ..] if rest.iter().all(|x| *x == 0) => {
+                let python_version = Version::new([major, minor]);
+                // Unwrap safety: A star operator with two version segments is always valid.
+                Ok(VersionSpecifier::from_version(*specifier.operator(), python_version).unwrap())
+            }
+            // Ex) `3.9.1.*` or `3.9.0.1.*`
+            _ => Err(NodeId::FALSE),
+        };
+    }
+
+    if *specifier.operator() == Operator::TildeEqual {
+        // python_version  python_full_version
+        // ~=3             (not possible)
+        // ~= 3.0          >= 3.0, < 4.0
+        // ~= 3.9          >= 3.9, < 4.0
+        // ~= 3.9.0        == 3.9.*
+        // ~= 3.9.1        FALSE
+        // ~= 3.9.0.0      == 3.9.*
+        // ~= 3.9.0.1      FALSE
+        return match &*specifier.version().release() {
+            // Ex) `3.0`, `3.7`
+            [_major, _minor] => Ok(specifier),
+            // Ex) `3.9`, `3.9.0`, or `3.9.0.0`
+            [major, minor, rest @ ..] if rest.iter().all(|x| *x == 0) => {
+                let python_version = Version::new([major, minor]);
+                Ok(VersionSpecifier::equals_star_version(python_version))
+            }
+            // Ex) `3.9.1` or `3.9.0.1`
+            _ => Err(NodeId::FALSE),
+        };
+    }
+
    // Extract the major and minor version segments if the specifier contains exactly
    // those segments, or if it contains a major segment with an implied minor segment of `0`.
-    let major_minor = match *specifier.version().release() {
-        // For star operators, we cannot add a trailing `0`.
-        //
-        // `python_version == 3.*` is equivalent to `python_full_version == 3.*`. Adding a
-        // trailing `0` would result in `python_version == 3.0.*`, which is incorrect.
-        [_major] if specifier.operator().is_star() => return Ok(specifier),
+    let major_minor = match *specifier.version().only_release_trimmed().release() {
        // Add a trailing `0` for the minor version, which is implied.
        // For example, `python_version == 3` matches `3.0.1`, `3.0.2`, etc.
        [major] => Some((major, 0)),
@ -1614,9 +1619,10 @@ fn python_version_to_full_version(specifier: VersionSpecifier) -> Result<Version
                VersionSpecifier::less_than_version(Version::new([major, minor + 1]))
            }

-            // `==3.7.*`, `!=3.7.*`, `~=3.7` already represent the equivalent `python_full_version`
-            // comparison.
-            Operator::EqualStar | Operator::NotEqualStar | Operator::TildeEqual => specifier,
+            Operator::EqualStar | Operator::NotEqualStar | Operator::TildeEqual => {
+                // Handled above.
+                unreachable!()
+            }
        })
    } else {
        let [major, minor, ..] = *specifier.version().release() else {
@ -1624,13 +1630,14 @@ fn python_version_to_full_version(specifier: VersionSpecifier) -> Result<Version
        };

        Ok(match specifier.operator() {
-            // `python_version` cannot have more than two release segments, so equality is impossible.
-            Operator::Equal | Operator::ExactEqual | Operator::EqualStar | Operator::TildeEqual => {
+            // `python_version` cannot have more than two release segments, and we know
+            // that the following release segments aren't purely zeroes so equality is impossible.
+            Operator::Equal | Operator::ExactEqual => {
                return Err(NodeId::FALSE);
            }

            // Similarly, inequalities are always `true`.
-            Operator::NotEqual | Operator::NotEqualStar => return Err(NodeId::TRUE),
+            Operator::NotEqual => return Err(NodeId::TRUE),

            // `python_version {<,<=} 3.7.8` is equivalent to `python_full_version < 3.8`.
            Operator::LessThan | Operator::LessThanEqual => {
@ -1641,6 +1648,11 @@ fn python_version_to_full_version(specifier: VersionSpecifier) -> Result<Version
            Operator::GreaterThan | Operator::GreaterThanEqual => {
                VersionSpecifier::greater_than_equal_version(Version::new([major, minor + 1]))
            }
+
+            Operator::EqualStar | Operator::NotEqualStar | Operator::TildeEqual => {
+                // Handled above.
+                unreachable!()
+            }
        })
    }
 }
--- a/crates/uv-pep508/src/marker/simplify.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep508/src/marker/simplify.rs
@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ fn collect_dnf(
                    continue;
                }

-                // Detect whether the range for this edge can be simplified as a star inequality.
-                if let Some(specifier) = star_range_inequality(&range) {
+                // Detect whether the range for this edge can be simplified as a star specifier.
+                if let Some(specifier) = star_range_specifier(&range) {
                    path.push(MarkerExpression::Version {
                        key: marker.key().into(),
                        specifier,
@ -343,22 +343,34 @@ where
    Some(excluded)
 }

-/// Returns `Some` if the version expression can be simplified as a star inequality with the given
-/// specifier.
+/// Returns `Some` if the version range can be simplified as a star specifier.
 ///
-/// For example, `python_full_version < '3.8' or python_full_version >= '3.9'` can be simplified to
-/// `python_full_version != '3.8.*'`.
-fn star_range_inequality(range: &Ranges<Version>) -> Option<VersionSpecifier> {
+/// Only for the two bounds case not covered by [`VersionSpecifier::from_release_only_bounds`].
+///
+/// For negative ranges like `python_full_version < '3.8' or python_full_version >= '3.9'`,
+/// returns `!= '3.8.*'`.
+fn star_range_specifier(range: &Ranges<Version>) -> Option<VersionSpecifier> {
+    if range.iter().count() != 2 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    // Check for negative star range: two segments [(Unbounded, Excluded(v1)), (Included(v2), Unbounded)]
    let (b1, b2) = range.iter().collect_tuple()?;
-
-    match (b1, b2) {
-        ((Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Excluded(v1)), (Bound::Included(v2), Bound::Unbounded))
-            if v1.release().len() == 2
-                && *v2.release() == [v1.release()[0], v1.release()[1] + 1] =>
-        {
-            Some(VersionSpecifier::not_equals_star_version(v1.clone()))
+    if let ((Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Excluded(v1)), (Bound::Included(v2), Bound::Unbounded)) =
+        (b1, b2)
+    {
+        match *v1.only_release_trimmed().release() {
+            [major] if *v2.release() == [major, 1] => {
+                Some(VersionSpecifier::not_equals_star_version(Version::new([
+                    major, 0,
+                ])))
+            }
+            [major, minor] if *v2.release() == [major, minor + 1] => {
+                Some(VersionSpecifier::not_equals_star_version(v1.clone()))
+            }
+            _ => None,
        }
-        _ => None,
+    } else {
+        None
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-pep508/src/marker/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep508/src/marker/tree.rs
@ -1707,23 +1707,15 @@ impl Display for MarkerTreeContents {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for MarkerTree {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "MarkerTree".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("MarkerTree")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some(
-                    "A PEP 508-compliant marker expression, e.g., `sys_platform == 'Darwin'`"
-                        .to_string(),
-                ),
-                ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "A PEP 508-compliant marker expression, e.g., `sys_platform == 'Darwin'`"
+        })
    }
 }

@ -2279,13 +2271,13 @@ mod test {
    #[test]
    fn test_marker_simplification() {
        assert_false("python_version == '3.9.1'");
-        assert_false("python_version == '3.9.0.*'");
        assert_true("python_version != '3.9.1'");

-        // Technically these is are valid substring comparison, but we do not allow them.
-        // e.g., using a version with patch components with `python_version` is considered
-        // impossible to satisfy since the value it is truncated at the minor version
-        assert_false("python_version in '3.9.0'");
+        // This is an edge case that happens to be supported, but is not critical to support.
+        assert_simplifies(
+            "python_version in '3.9.0'",
+            "python_full_version == '3.9.*'",
+        );
        // e.g., using a version that is not PEP 440 compliant is considered arbitrary
        assert_true("python_version in 'foo'");
        // e.g., including `*` versions, which would require tracking a version specifier
@ -2295,16 +2287,25 @@ mod test {
        assert_true("python_version in '3.9,3.10'");
        assert_true("python_version in '3.9 or 3.10'");

-        // e.g, when one of the values cannot be true
-        // TODO(zanieb): This seems like a quirk of the `python_full_version` normalization, this
-        // should just act as though the patch version isn't present
-        assert_false("python_version in '3.9 3.10.0 3.11'");
+        // This is an edge case that happens to be supported, but is not critical to support.
+        assert_simplifies(
+            "python_version in '3.9 3.10.0 3.11'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3.9' and python_full_version < '3.12'",
+        );

        assert_simplifies("python_version == '3.9'", "python_full_version == '3.9.*'");
        assert_simplifies(
            "python_version == '3.9.0'",
            "python_full_version == '3.9.*'",
        );
+        assert_simplifies(
+            "python_version == '3.9.0.*'",
+            "python_full_version == '3.9.*'",
+        );
+        assert_simplifies(
+            "python_version == '3.*'",
+            "python_full_version >= '3' and python_full_version < '4'",
+        );

        // `<version> in`
        // e.g., when the range is not contiguous
@ -2515,7 +2516,7 @@ mod test {
    #[test]
    fn test_simplification_extra_versus_other() {
        // Here, the `extra != 'foo'` cannot be simplified out, because
-        // `extra == 'foo'` can be true even when `extra == 'bar`' is true.
+        // `extra == 'foo'` can be true even when `extra == 'bar'`' is true.
        assert_simplifies(
            r#"extra != "foo" and (extra == "bar" or extra == "baz")"#,
            "(extra == 'bar' and extra != 'foo') or (extra == 'baz' and extra != 'foo')",
@ -2536,6 +2537,68 @@ mod test {
        );
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn test_python_version_equal_star() {
+        // Input, equivalent with python_version, equivalent with python_full_version
+        let cases = [
+            ("3.*", "3.*", "3.*"),
+            ("3.0.*", "3.0", "3.0.*"),
+            ("3.0.0.*", "3.0", "3.0.*"),
+            ("3.9.*", "3.9", "3.9.*"),
+            ("3.9.0.*", "3.9", "3.9.*"),
+            ("3.9.0.0.*", "3.9", "3.9.*"),
+        ];
+        for (input, equal_python_version, equal_python_full_version) in cases {
+            assert_eq!(
+                m(&format!("python_version == '{input}'")),
+                m(&format!("python_version == '{equal_python_version}'")),
+                "{input} {equal_python_version}"
+            );
+            assert_eq!(
+                m(&format!("python_version == '{input}'")),
+                m(&format!(
+                    "python_full_version == '{equal_python_full_version}'"
+                )),
+                "{input} {equal_python_full_version}"
+            );
+        }
+
+        let cases_false = ["3.9.1.*", "3.9.1.0.*", "3.9.1.0.0.*"];
+        for input in cases_false {
+            assert!(
+                m(&format!("python_version == '{input}'")).is_false(),
+                "{input}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tilde_equal_normalization() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            m("python_version ~= '3.10.0'"),
+            m("python_version >= '3.10.0' and python_version < '3.11.0'")
+        );
+
+        // Two digit versions such as `python_version` get padded with a zero, so they can never
+        // match
+        assert_eq!(m("python_version ~= '3.10.1'"), MarkerTree::FALSE);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            m("python_version ~= '3.10'"),
+            m("python_version >= '3.10' and python_version < '4.0'")
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            m("python_full_version ~= '3.10.0'"),
+            m("python_full_version >= '3.10.0' and python_full_version < '3.11.0'")
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            m("python_full_version ~= '3.10'"),
+            m("python_full_version >= '3.10' and python_full_version < '4.0'")
+        );
+    }
+
    /// This tests marker implication.
    ///
    /// Specifically, these test cases come from a [bug] where `foo` and `bar`
@ -3332,4 +3395,32 @@ mod test {
            ]
        );
    }
+
+    /// Case a: There is no version `3` (no trailing zero) in the interner yet.
+    #[test]
+    fn marker_normalization_a() {
+        let left_tree = m("python_version == '3.0.*'");
+        let left = left_tree.try_to_string().unwrap();
+        let right = "python_full_version == '3.0.*'";
+        assert_eq!(left, right, "{left} != {right}");
+    }
+
+    /// Case b: There is already a version `3` (no trailing zero) in the interner.
+    #[test]
+    fn marker_normalization_b() {
+        m("python_version >= '3' and python_version <= '3.0'");
+
+        let left_tree = m("python_version == '3.0.*'");
+        let left = left_tree.try_to_string().unwrap();
+        let right = "python_full_version == '3.0.*'";
+        assert_eq!(left, right, "{left} != {right}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn marker_normalization_c() {
+        let left_tree = MarkerTree::from_str("python_version == '3.10.0.*'").unwrap();
+        let left = left_tree.try_to_string().unwrap();
+        let right = "python_full_version == '3.10.*'";
+        assert_eq!(left, right, "{left} != {right}");
+    }
 }
--- a/crates/uv-pep508/src/verbatim_url.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pep508/src/verbatim_url.rs
@ -18,11 +18,16 @@ use uv_redacted::DisplaySafeUrl;
 use crate::Pep508Url;

 /// A wrapper around [`Url`] that preserves the original string.
+///
+/// The original string is not preserved after serialization/deserialization.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq)]
 pub struct VerbatimUrl {
    /// The parsed URL.
    url: DisplaySafeUrl,
    /// The URL as it was provided by the user.
+    ///
+    /// Even if originally set, this will be [`None`] after
+    /// serialization/deserialization.
    given: Option<ArcStr>,
 }

@ -166,6 +171,11 @@ impl VerbatimUrl {
        &self.url
    }

+    /// Return a mutable reference to the underlying [`DisplaySafeUrl`].
+    pub fn raw_mut(&mut self) -> &mut DisplaySafeUrl {
+        &mut self.url
+    }
+
    /// Convert a [`VerbatimUrl`] into a [`DisplaySafeUrl`].
    pub fn to_url(&self) -> DisplaySafeUrl {
        self.url.clone()
--- a/crates/uv-publish/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-publish/src/lib.rs
@ -758,6 +758,14 @@ impl FormMetadata {
    }
 }

+impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a FormMetadata {
+    type Item = &'a (&'a str, String);
+    type IntoIter = std::slice::Iter<'a, (&'a str, String)>;
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        self.iter()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Build the upload request.
 ///
 /// Returns the request and the reporter progress bar id.
--- a/crates/uv-pypi-types/src/conflicts.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pypi-types/src/conflicts.rs
@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ use petgraph::{
    graph::{DiGraph, NodeIndex},
 };
 use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::{collections::BTreeSet, hash::Hash, rc::Rc};
 use uv_normalize::{ExtraName, GroupName, PackageName};

@ -638,12 +640,12 @@ pub struct SchemaConflictItem {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for SchemaConflictItem {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "SchemaConflictItem".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("SchemaConflictItem")
    }

-    fn json_schema(r#gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        <ConflictItemWire as schemars::JsonSchema>::json_schema(r#gen)
+    fn json_schema(generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        <ConflictItemWire as schemars::JsonSchema>::json_schema(generator)
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-pypi-types/src/identifier.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-pypi-types/src/identifier.rs
@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use thiserror::Error;
@ -99,25 +101,16 @@ impl Serialize for Identifier {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for Identifier {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "Identifier".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("Identifier")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            string: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::StringValidation {
-                // Best-effort Unicode support (https://stackoverflow.com/a/68844380/3549270)
-                pattern: Some(r"^[_\p{Alphabetic}][_0-9\p{Alphabetic}]*$".to_string()),
-                ..schemars::schema::StringValidation::default()
-            })),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some("An identifier in Python".to_string()),
-                ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": r"^[_\p{Alphabetic}][_0-9\p{Alphabetic}]*$",
+            "description": "An identifier in Python"
+        })
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-python/download-metadata.json
+++ b/crates/uv-python/download-metadata.json
--- a/crates/uv-python/src/discovery.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/discovery.rs
@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ pub(crate) fn is_windows_store_shim(path: &Path) -> bool {
            0,
            buf.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
            buf.len() as u32 * 2,
-            &mut bytes_returned,
+            &raw mut bytes_returned,
            std::ptr::null_mut(),
        ) != 0
    };
--- a/crates/uv-python/src/downloads.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/downloads.rs
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use futures::TryStreamExt;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
 use owo_colors::OwoColorize;
-use reqwest_retry::RetryPolicy;
+use reqwest_retry::{RetryError, RetryPolicy};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWriteExt, BufWriter, ReadBuf};
@ -111,6 +111,33 @@ pub enum Error {
    },
 }

+impl Error {
+    // Return the number of attempts that were made to complete this request before this error was
+    // returned. Note that e.g. 3 retries equates to 4 attempts.
+    //
+    // It's easier to do arithmetic with "attempts" instead of "retries", because if you have
+    // nested retry loops you can just add up all the attempts directly, while adding up the
+    // retries requires +1/-1 adjustments.
+    fn attempts(&self) -> u32 {
+        // Unfortunately different variants of `Error` track retry counts in different ways. We
+        // could consider unifying the variants we handle here in `Error::from_reqwest_middleware`
+        // instead, but both approaches will be fragile as new variants get added over time.
+        if let Error::NetworkErrorWithRetries { retries, .. } = self {
+            return retries + 1;
+        }
+        // TODO(jack): let-chains are stable as of Rust 1.88. We should use them here as soon as
+        // our rust-version is high enough.
+        if let Error::NetworkMiddlewareError(_, anyhow_error) = self {
+            if let Some(RetryError::WithRetries { retries, .. }) =
+                anyhow_error.downcast_ref::<RetryError>()
+            {
+                return retries + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        1
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
 pub struct ManagedPythonDownload {
    key: PythonInstallationKey,
@ -695,7 +722,8 @@ impl ManagedPythonDownload {
        pypy_install_mirror: Option<&str>,
        reporter: Option<&dyn Reporter>,
    ) -> Result<DownloadResult, Error> {
-        let mut n_past_retries = 0;
+        let mut total_attempts = 0;
+        let mut retried_here = false;
        let start_time = SystemTime::now();
        let retry_policy = client.retry_policy();
        loop {
@ -710,25 +738,41 @@ impl ManagedPythonDownload {
                    reporter,
                )
                .await;
-            if result
-                .as_ref()
-                .err()
-                .is_some_and(|err| is_extended_transient_error(err))
-            {
-                let retry_decision = retry_policy.should_retry(start_time, n_past_retries);
-                if let reqwest_retry::RetryDecision::Retry { execute_after } = retry_decision {
-                    debug!(
-                        "Transient failure while handling response for {}; retrying...",
-                        self.key()
-                    );
-                    let duration = execute_after
-                        .duration_since(SystemTime::now())
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| Duration::default());
-                    tokio::time::sleep(duration).await;
-                    n_past_retries += 1;
-                    continue;
+            let result = match result {
+                Ok(download_result) => Ok(download_result),
+                Err(err) => {
+                    // Inner retry loops (e.g. `reqwest-retry` middleware) might make more than one
+                    // attempt per error we see here.
+                    total_attempts += err.attempts();
+                    // We currently interpret e.g. "3 retries" to mean we should make 4 attempts.
+                    let n_past_retries = total_attempts - 1;
+                    if is_extended_transient_error(&err) {
+                        let retry_decision = retry_policy.should_retry(start_time, n_past_retries);
+                        if let reqwest_retry::RetryDecision::Retry { execute_after } =
+                            retry_decision
+                        {
+                            debug!(
+                                "Transient failure while handling response for {}; retrying...",
+                                self.key()
+                            );
+                            let duration = execute_after
+                                .duration_since(SystemTime::now())
+                                .unwrap_or_else(|_| Duration::default());
+                            tokio::time::sleep(duration).await;
+                            retried_here = true;
+                            continue; // Retry.
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if retried_here {
+                        Err(Error::NetworkErrorWithRetries {
+                            err: Box::new(err),
+                            retries: n_past_retries,
+                        })
+                    } else {
+                        Err(err)
+                    }
                }
-            }
+            };
            return result;
        }
    }
@ -772,7 +816,9 @@ impl ManagedPythonDownload {

        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir_in(scratch_dir).map_err(Error::DownloadDirError)?;

-        if let Some(python_builds_dir) = env::var_os(EnvVars::UV_PYTHON_CACHE_DIR) {
+        if let Some(python_builds_dir) =
+            env::var_os(EnvVars::UV_PYTHON_CACHE_DIR).filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+        {
            let python_builds_dir = PathBuf::from(python_builds_dir);
            fs_err::create_dir_all(&python_builds_dir)?;
            let hash_prefix = match self.sha256 {
--- a/crates/uv-python/src/implementation.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/implementation.rs
@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ impl ImplementationName {
            Self::GraalPy => "GraalPy",
        }
    }
+
+    pub fn executable_name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::CPython => "python",
+            Self::PyPy | Self::GraalPy => self.into(),
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl LenientImplementationName {
@ -53,6 +60,13 @@ impl LenientImplementationName {
            Self::Unknown(name) => name,
        }
    }
+
+    pub fn executable_name(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Known(implementation) => implementation.executable_name(),
+            Self::Unknown(name) => name,
+        }
+    }
 }

 impl From<&ImplementationName> for &'static str {
--- a/crates/uv-python/src/interpreter.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/interpreter.rs
@ -967,6 +967,31 @@ impl InterpreterInfo {
    pub(crate) fn query_cached(executable: &Path, cache: &Cache) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let absolute = std::path::absolute(executable)?;

+        // Provide a better error message if the link is broken or the file does not exist. Since
+        // `canonicalize_executable` does not resolve the file on Windows, we must re-use this logic
+        // for the subsequent metadata read as we may not have actually resolved the path.
+        let handle_io_error = |err: io::Error| -> Error {
+            if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
+                // Check if it looks like a venv interpreter where the underlying Python
+                // installation was removed.
+                if absolute
+                    .symlink_metadata()
+                    .is_ok_and(|metadata| metadata.is_symlink())
+                {
+                    Error::BrokenSymlink(BrokenSymlink {
+                        path: executable.to_path_buf(),
+                        venv: uv_fs::is_virtualenv_executable(executable),
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    Error::NotFound(executable.to_path_buf())
+                }
+            } else {
+                err.into()
+            }
+        };
+
+        let canonical = canonicalize_executable(&absolute).map_err(handle_io_error)?;
+
        let cache_entry = cache.entry(
            CacheBucket::Interpreter,
            // Shard interpreter metadata by host architecture, operating system, and version, to
@ -977,33 +1002,18 @@ impl InterpreterInfo {
                sys_info::os_release().unwrap_or_default(),
            )),
            // We use the absolute path for the cache entry to avoid cache collisions for relative
-            // paths. But we don't to query the executable with symbolic links resolved.
-            format!("{}.msgpack", cache_digest(&absolute)),
+            // paths. But we don't want to query the executable with symbolic links resolved because
+            // that can change reported values, e.g., `sys.executable`. We include the canonical
+            // path in the cache entry as well, otherwise we can have cache collisions if an
+            // absolute path refers to different interpreters with matching ctimes, e.g., if you
+            // have a `.venv/bin/python` pointing to both Python 3.12 and Python 3.13 that were
+            // modified at the same time.
+            format!("{}.msgpack", cache_digest(&(&absolute, &canonical))),
        );

        // We check the timestamp of the canonicalized executable to check if an underlying
        // interpreter has been modified.
-        let modified = canonicalize_executable(&absolute)
-            .and_then(Timestamp::from_path)
-            .map_err(|err| {
-                if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
-                    // Check if it looks like a venv interpreter where the underlying Python
-                    // installation was removed.
-                    if absolute
-                        .symlink_metadata()
-                        .is_ok_and(|metadata| metadata.is_symlink())
-                    {
-                        Error::BrokenSymlink(BrokenSymlink {
-                            path: executable.to_path_buf(),
-                            venv: uv_fs::is_virtualenv_executable(executable),
-                        })
-                    } else {
-                        Error::NotFound(executable.to_path_buf())
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    err.into()
-                }
-            })?;
+        let modified = Timestamp::from_path(canonical).map_err(handle_io_error)?;

        // Read from the cache.
        if cache
@ -1015,7 +1025,7 @@ impl InterpreterInfo {
                    Ok(cached) => {
                        if cached.timestamp == modified {
                            trace!(
-                                "Cached interpreter info for Python {}, skipping probing: {}",
+                                "Found cached interpreter info for Python {}, skipping query of: {}",
                                cached.data.markers.python_full_version(),
                                executable.user_display()
                            );
--- a/crates/uv-python/src/managed.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/managed.rs
@ -362,11 +362,7 @@ impl ManagedPythonInstallation {
    /// If windowed is true, `pythonw.exe` is selected over `python.exe` on windows, with no changes
    /// on non-windows.
    pub fn executable(&self, windowed: bool) -> PathBuf {
-        let implementation = match self.implementation() {
-            ImplementationName::CPython => "python",
-            ImplementationName::PyPy => "pypy",
-            ImplementationName::GraalPy => "graalpy",
-        };
+        let implementation = self.implementation().executable_name();

        let version = match self.implementation() {
            ImplementationName::CPython => {
--- a/crates/uv-python/src/platform.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/platform.rs
@ -43,15 +43,36 @@ impl Ord for Arch {
            return self.variant.cmp(&other.variant);
        }

-        let native = Arch::from_env();
+        // For the time being, manually make aarch64 windows disfavored
+        // on its own host platform, because most packages don't have wheels for
+        // aarch64 windows, making emulation more useful than native execution!
+        //
+        // The reason we do this in "sorting" and not "supports" is so that we don't
+        // *refuse* to use an aarch64 windows pythons if they happen to be installed
+        // and nothing else is available.
+        //
+        // Similarly if someone manually requests an aarch64 windows install, we
+        // should respect that request (this is the way users should "override"
+        // this behaviour).
+        let preferred = if cfg!(all(windows, target_arch = "aarch64")) {
+            Arch {
+                family: target_lexicon::Architecture::X86_64,
+                variant: None,
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Prefer native architectures
+            Arch::from_env()
+        };

-        // Prefer native architectures
-        match (self.family == native.family, other.family == native.family) {
+        match (
+            self.family == preferred.family,
+            other.family == preferred.family,
+        ) {
            (true, true) => unreachable!(),
            (true, false) => std::cmp::Ordering::Less,
            (false, true) => std::cmp::Ordering::Greater,
            (false, false) => {
-                // Both non-native, fallback to lexicographic order
+                // Both non-preferred, fallback to lexicographic order
                self.family.to_string().cmp(&other.family.to_string())
            }
        }
--- a/crates/uv-python/src/python_version.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/python_version.rs
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::str::FromStr;
@ -65,26 +67,16 @@ impl FromStr for PythonVersion {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for PythonVersion {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        String::from("PythonVersion")
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("PythonVersion")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            string: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::StringValidation {
-                pattern: Some(r"^3\.\d+(\.\d+)?$".to_string()),
-                ..schemars::schema::StringValidation::default()
-            })),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some(
-                    "A Python version specifier, e.g. `3.11` or `3.12.4`.".to_string(),
-                ),
-                ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": r"^3\.\d+(\.\d+)?$",
+            "description": "A Python version specifier, e.g. `3.11` or `3.12.4`."
+        })
    }
 }

--- a/crates/uv-python/src/sysconfig/generated_mappings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/sysconfig/generated_mappings.rs
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! DO NOT EDIT
 //!
 //! Generated with `cargo run dev generate-sysconfig-metadata`
-//! Targets from <https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/blob/20250612/cpython-unix/targets.yml>
+//! Targets from <https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/blob/20250702/cpython-unix/targets.yml>
 //!
 #![allow(clippy::all)]
 #![cfg_attr(any(), rustfmt::skip)]
@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ use crate::sysconfig::replacements::{ReplacementEntry, ReplacementMode};
 pub(crate) static DEFAULT_VARIABLE_UPDATES: LazyLock<BTreeMap<String, Vec<ReplacementEntry>>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    BTreeMap::from_iter([
        ("BLDSHARED".to_string(), vec![
-            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/mips-linux-gnu-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ pub(crate) static DEFAULT_VARIABLE_UPDATES: LazyLock<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Replac
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "musl-clang".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
        ]),
        ("CC".to_string(), vec![
-            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/mips-linux-gnu-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
@ -41,7 +39,6 @@ pub(crate) static DEFAULT_VARIABLE_UPDATES: LazyLock<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Replac
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "musl-clang".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
        ]),
        ("CXX".to_string(), vec![
-            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-g++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/mips-linux-gnu-g++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
@ -53,7 +50,6 @@ pub(crate) static DEFAULT_VARIABLE_UPDATES: LazyLock<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Replac
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "clang++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
        ]),
        ("LDCXXSHARED".to_string(), vec![
-            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-g++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/mips-linux-gnu-g++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
@ -65,7 +61,6 @@ pub(crate) static DEFAULT_VARIABLE_UPDATES: LazyLock<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Replac
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "clang++".to_string() }, to: "c++".to_string() },
        ]),
        ("LDSHARED".to_string(), vec![
-            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/mips-linux-gnu-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
@ -78,7 +73,6 @@ pub(crate) static DEFAULT_VARIABLE_UPDATES: LazyLock<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Replac
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "musl-clang".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
        ]),
        ("LINKCC".to_string(), vec![
-            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
            ReplacementEntry { mode: ReplacementMode::Partial { from: "/usr/bin/mips-linux-gnu-gcc".to_string() }, to: "cc".to_string() },
--- a/crates/uv-python/src/sysconfig/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-python/src/sysconfig/mod.rs
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ mod tests {

        // Cross-compiles use GNU
        let sysconfigdata = [
-            ("CC", "/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"),
+            ("CC", "/usr/bin/riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc"),
            ("CXX", "/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-g++"),
        ]
        .into_iter()
--- a/crates/uv-redacted/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-redacted/src/lib.rs
@ -177,7 +177,9 @@ impl FromStr for DisplaySafeUrl {
 }

 fn is_ssh_git_username(url: &Url) -> bool {
-    matches!(url.scheme(), "ssh" | "git+ssh") && url.username() == "git" && url.password().is_none()
+    matches!(url.scheme(), "ssh" | "git+ssh" | "git+https")
+        && url.username() == "git"
+        && url.password().is_none()
 }

 fn display_with_redacted_credentials(
--- a/crates/uv-requirements-txt/src/snapshots/uv_requirements_txttestline-endings-poetry-with-hashes.txt.snap
+++ b/crates/uv-requirements-txt/src/snapshots/uv_requirements_txttestline-endings-poetry-with-hashes.txt.snap
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ---
 source: crates/uv-requirements-txt/src/lib.rs
 expression: actual
+snapshot_kind: text
 ---
 RequirementsTxt {
    requirements: [
@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0' and sys_platform == 'win32',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4' and sys_platform == 'win32',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
--- a/crates/uv-requirements-txt/src/snapshots/uv_requirements_txttestparse-poetry-with-hashes.txt.snap
+++ b/crates/uv-requirements-txt/src/snapshots/uv_requirements_txttestparse-poetry-with-hashes.txt.snap
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ---
 source: crates/uv-requirements-txt/src/lib.rs
 expression: actual
+snapshot_kind: text
 ---
 RequirementsTxt {
    requirements: [
@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0' and sys_platform == 'win32',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4' and sys_platform == 'win32',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ RequirementsTxt {
                            ),
                        ),
                    ),
-                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4.0',
+                    marker: python_full_version >= '3.8' and python_full_version < '4',
                    origin: Some(
                        File(
                            "<REQUIREMENTS_DIR>/poetry-with-hashes.txt",
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/error.rs
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::fmt::Formatter;
 use std::sync::Arc;

 use indexmap::IndexSet;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use owo_colors::OwoColorize;
 use pubgrub::{
    DefaultStringReporter, DerivationTree, Derived, External, Range, Ranges, Reporter, Term,
@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ use uv_normalize::{ExtraName, InvalidNameError, PackageName};
 use uv_pep440::{LocalVersionSlice, LowerBound, Version, VersionSpecifier};
 use uv_pep508::{MarkerEnvironment, MarkerExpression, MarkerTree, MarkerValueVersion};
 use uv_platform_tags::Tags;
+use uv_pypi_types::ParsedUrl;
+use uv_redacted::DisplaySafeUrl;
 use uv_static::EnvVars;

 use crate::candidate_selector::CandidateSelector;
@ -56,11 +59,14 @@ pub enum ResolveError {
        } else {
            format!(" in {env}")
        },
-        urls.join("\n- "),
+        urls.iter()
+            .map(|url| format!("{}{}", DisplaySafeUrl::from(url.clone()), if url.is_editable() { " (editable)" } else { "" }))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join("\n- ")
    )]
    ConflictingUrls {
        package_name: PackageName,
-        urls: Vec<String>,
+        urls: Vec<ParsedUrl>,
        env: ResolverEnvironment,
    },

@ -71,11 +77,14 @@ pub enum ResolveError {
        } else {
            format!(" in {env}")
        },
-        indexes.join("\n- "),
+        indexes.iter()
+            .map(std::string::ToString::to_string)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join("\n- ")
    )]
    ConflictingIndexesForEnvironment {
        package_name: PackageName,
-        indexes: Vec<String>,
+        indexes: Vec<IndexUrl>,
        env: ResolverEnvironment,
    },

@ -148,7 +157,7 @@ impl<T> From<tokio::sync::mpsc::error::SendError<T>> for ResolveError {
    }
 }

-pub(crate) type ErrorTree = DerivationTree<PubGrubPackage, Range<Version>, UnavailableReason>;
+pub type ErrorTree = DerivationTree<PubGrubPackage, Range<Version>, UnavailableReason>;

 /// A wrapper around [`pubgrub::error::NoSolutionError`] that displays a resolution failure report.
 pub struct NoSolutionError {
@ -359,6 +368,11 @@ impl NoSolutionError {
        NoSolutionHeader::new(self.env.clone())
    }

+    /// Get the conflict derivation tree for external analysis
+    pub fn derivation_tree(&self) -> &ErrorTree {
+        &self.error
+    }
+
    /// Hint at limiting the resolver environment if universal resolution failed for a target
    /// that is not the current platform or not the current Python version.
    fn hint_disjoint_targets(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
@ -396,6 +410,15 @@ impl NoSolutionError {
        }
        Ok(())
    }
+
+    /// Get the packages that are involved in this error.
+    pub fn packages(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &PackageName> {
+        self.error
+            .packages()
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|p| p.name())
+            .unique()
+    }
 }

 impl std::fmt::Debug for NoSolutionError {
@ -1213,6 +1236,69 @@ impl SentinelRange<'_> {
    }
 }

+/// A prefix match, e.g., `==2.4.*`, which is desugared to a range like `>=2.4.dev0,<2.5.dev0`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct PrefixMatch<'a> {
+    version: &'a Version,
+}
+
+impl<'a> PrefixMatch<'a> {
+    /// Determine whether a given range is equivalent to a prefix match (e.g., `==2.4.*`).
+    ///
+    /// Prefix matches are desugared to (e.g.) `>=2.4.dev0,<2.5.dev0`, but we want to render them
+    /// as `==2.4.*` in error messages.
+    pub(crate) fn from_range(lower: &'a Bound<Version>, upper: &'a Bound<Version>) -> Option<Self> {
+        let Bound::Included(lower) = lower else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        let Bound::Excluded(upper) = upper else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        if lower.is_pre() || lower.is_post() || lower.is_local() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        if upper.is_pre() || upper.is_post() || upper.is_local() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        if lower.dev() != Some(0) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        if upper.dev() != Some(0) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        if lower.release().len() != upper.release().len() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // All segments should be the same, except the last one, which should be incremented.
+        let num_segments = lower.release().len();
+        for (i, (lower, upper)) in lower
+            .release()
+            .iter()
+            .zip(upper.release().iter())
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            if i == num_segments - 1 {
+                if lower + 1 != *upper {
+                    return None;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if lower != upper {
+                    return None;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Some(PrefixMatch { version: lower })
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for PrefixMatch<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "=={}.*", self.version.only_release())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct NoSolutionHeader {
    /// The [`ResolverEnvironment`] that caused the failure.
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/exclude_newer.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/exclude_newer.rs
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::str::FromStr;

 use jiff::{Timestamp, ToSpan, tz::TimeZone};
@ -67,25 +69,15 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for ExcludeNewer {

 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for ExcludeNewer {
-    fn schema_name() -> String {
-        "ExcludeNewer".to_string()
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
+        Cow::Borrowed("ExcludeNewer")
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        schemars::schema::SchemaObject {
-            instance_type: Some(schemars::schema::InstanceType::String.into()),
-            string: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::StringValidation {
-                pattern: Some(
-                    r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}(T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(Z|[+-]\d{2}:\d{2}))?$".to_string(),
-                ),
-                ..schemars::schema::StringValidation::default()
-            })),
-            metadata: Some(Box::new(schemars::schema::Metadata {
-                description: Some("Exclude distributions uploaded after the given timestamp.\n\nAccepts both RFC 3339 timestamps (e.g., `2006-12-02T02:07:43Z`) and local dates in the same format (e.g., `2006-12-02`).".to_string()),
-              ..schemars::schema::Metadata::default()
-            })),
-            ..schemars::schema::SchemaObject::default()
-        }
-        .into()
+    fn json_schema(_generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        schemars::json_schema!({
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}(T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(Z|[+-]\d{2}:\d{2}))?$",
+            "description": "Exclude distributions uploaded after the given timestamp.\n\nAccepts both RFC 3339 timestamps (e.g., `2006-12-02T02:07:43Z`) and local dates in the same format (e.g., `2006-12-02`).",
+        })
    }
 }
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/fork_indexes.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/fork_indexes.rs
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl ForkIndexes {
    ) -> Result<(), ResolveError> {
        if let Some(previous) = self.0.insert(package_name.clone(), index.clone()) {
            if &previous != index {
-                let mut conflicts = vec![previous.url.to_string(), index.url.to_string()];
+                let mut conflicts = vec![previous.url, index.url.clone()];
                conflicts.sort();
                return Err(ResolveError::ConflictingIndexesForEnvironment {
                    package_name: package_name.clone(),
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/fork_urls.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/fork_urls.rs
@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;

 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;

-use uv_distribution_types::Verbatim;
 use uv_normalize::PackageName;
 use uv_pypi_types::VerbatimParsedUrl;

@ -34,10 +33,8 @@ impl ForkUrls {
        match self.0.entry(package_name.clone()) {
            Entry::Occupied(previous) => {
                if previous.get() != url {
-                    let mut conflicting_url = vec![
-                        previous.get().verbatim.verbatim().to_string(),
-                        url.verbatim.verbatim().to_string(),
-                    ];
+                    let mut conflicting_url =
+                        vec![previous.get().parsed_url.clone(), url.parsed_url.clone()];
                    conflicting_url.sort();
                    return Err(ResolveError::ConflictingUrls {
                        package_name: package_name.clone(),
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/lib.rs
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 pub use dependency_mode::DependencyMode;
-pub use error::{NoSolutionError, NoSolutionHeader, ResolveError, SentinelRange};
+pub use error::{ErrorTree, NoSolutionError, NoSolutionHeader, ResolveError, SentinelRange};
 pub use exclude_newer::ExcludeNewer;
 pub use exclusions::Exclusions;
 pub use flat_index::{FlatDistributions, FlatIndex};
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ mod options;
 mod pins;
 mod preferences;
 mod prerelease;
-mod pubgrub;
+pub mod pubgrub;
 mod python_requirement;
 mod redirect;
 mod resolution;
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/lock/mod.rs
@ -1478,9 +1478,11 @@ impl Lock {
            if let Source::Registry(index) = &package.id.source {
                match index {
                    RegistrySource::Url(url) => {
+                        // Normalize URL before validating.
+                        let url = url.without_trailing_slash();
                        if remotes
                            .as_ref()
-                            .is_some_and(|remotes| !remotes.contains(url))
+                            .is_some_and(|remotes| !remotes.contains(&url))
                        {
                            let name = &package.id.name;
                            let version = &package
@ -1488,7 +1490,11 @@ impl Lock {
                                .version
                                .as_ref()
                                .expect("version for registry source");
-                            return Ok(SatisfiesResult::MissingRemoteIndex(name, version, url));
+                            return Ok(SatisfiesResult::MissingRemoteIndex(
+                                name,
+                                version,
+                                url.into_owned(),
+                            ));
                        }
                    }
                    RegistrySource::Path(path) => {
@ -1793,7 +1799,7 @@ pub enum SatisfiesResult<'lock> {
    /// The lockfile is missing a workspace member.
    MissingRoot(PackageName),
    /// The lockfile referenced a remote index that was not provided
-    MissingRemoteIndex(&'lock PackageName, &'lock Version, &'lock UrlString),
+    MissingRemoteIndex(&'lock PackageName, &'lock Version, UrlString),
    /// The lockfile referenced a local index that was not provided
    MissingLocalIndex(&'lock PackageName, &'lock Version, &'lock Path),
    /// A package in the lockfile contains different `requires-dist` metadata than expected.
@ -2371,7 +2377,13 @@ impl Package {
        let sdist = match &self.id.source {
            Source::Path(path) => {
                // A direct path source can also be a wheel, so validate the extension.
-                let DistExtension::Source(ext) = DistExtension::from_path(path)? else {
+                let DistExtension::Source(ext) = DistExtension::from_path(path).map_err(|err| {
+                    LockErrorKind::MissingExtension {
+                        id: self.id.clone(),
+                        err,
+                    }
+                })?
+                else {
                    return Ok(None);
                };
                let install_path = absolute_path(workspace_root, path)?;
@ -2444,7 +2456,14 @@ impl Package {
            }
            Source::Direct(url, direct) => {
                // A direct URL source can also be a wheel, so validate the extension.
-                let DistExtension::Source(ext) = DistExtension::from_path(url.as_ref())? else {
+                let DistExtension::Source(ext) =
+                    DistExtension::from_path(url.base_str()).map_err(|err| {
+                        LockErrorKind::MissingExtension {
+                            id: self.id.clone(),
+                            err,
+                        }
+                    })?
+                else {
                    return Ok(None);
                };
                let location = url.to_url().map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidUrl)?;
@ -2483,7 +2502,12 @@ impl Package {
                    .ok_or_else(|| LockErrorKind::MissingFilename {
                        id: self.id.clone(),
                    })?;
-                let ext = SourceDistExtension::from_path(filename.as_ref())?;
+                let ext = SourceDistExtension::from_path(filename.as_ref()).map_err(|err| {
+                    LockErrorKind::MissingExtension {
+                        id: self.id.clone(),
+                        err,
+                    }
+                })?;
                let file = Box::new(uv_distribution_types::File {
                    dist_info_metadata: false,
                    filename: SmallString::from(filename),
@ -2523,19 +2547,41 @@ impl Package {
                    .as_ref()
                    .expect("version for registry source");

-                let file_path = sdist.path().ok_or_else(|| LockErrorKind::MissingPath {
-                    name: name.clone(),
-                    version: version.clone(),
-                })?;
-                let file_url =
-                    DisplaySafeUrl::from_file_path(workspace_root.join(path).join(file_path))
-                        .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::PathToUrl)?;
+                let file_url = match sdist {
+                    SourceDist::Url { url: file_url, .. } => {
+                        FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(file_url.clone())
+                    }
+                    SourceDist::Path {
+                        path: file_path, ..
+                    } => {
+                        let file_path = workspace_root.join(path).join(file_path);
+                        let file_url =
+                            DisplaySafeUrl::from_file_path(&file_path).map_err(|()| {
+                                LockErrorKind::PathToUrl {
+                                    path: file_path.into_boxed_path(),
+                                }
+                            })?;
+                        FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(UrlString::from(file_url))
+                    }
+                    SourceDist::Metadata { .. } => {
+                        return Err(LockErrorKind::MissingPath {
+                            name: name.clone(),
+                            version: version.clone(),
+                        }
+                        .into());
+                    }
+                };
                let filename = sdist
                    .filename()
                    .ok_or_else(|| LockErrorKind::MissingFilename {
                        id: self.id.clone(),
                    })?;
-                let ext = SourceDistExtension::from_path(filename.as_ref())?;
+                let ext = SourceDistExtension::from_path(filename.as_ref()).map_err(|err| {
+                    LockErrorKind::MissingExtension {
+                        id: self.id.clone(),
+                        err,
+                    }
+                })?;
                let file = Box::new(uv_distribution_types::File {
                    dist_info_metadata: false,
                    filename: SmallString::from(filename),
@ -2545,9 +2591,10 @@ impl Package {
                    requires_python: None,
                    size: sdist.size(),
                    upload_time_utc_ms: sdist.upload_time().map(Timestamp::as_millisecond),
-                    url: FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(UrlString::from(file_url)),
+                    url: file_url,
                    yanked: None,
                });
+
                let index = IndexUrl::from(
                    VerbatimUrl::from_absolute_path(workspace_root.join(path))
                        .map_err(LockErrorKind::RegistryVerbatimUrl)?,
@ -3227,7 +3274,9 @@ impl Source {
                Ok(Source::Registry(source))
            }
            IndexUrl::Path(url) => {
-                let path = url.to_file_path().map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath)?;
+                let path = url
+                    .to_file_path()
+                    .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath { url: url.to_url() })?;
                let path = relative_to(&path, root)
                    .or_else(|_| std::path::absolute(&path))
                    .map_err(LockErrorKind::IndexRelativePath)?;
@ -3660,14 +3709,6 @@ impl SourceDist {
        }
    }

-    fn path(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
-        match &self {
-            SourceDist::Metadata { .. } => None,
-            SourceDist::Url { .. } => None,
-            SourceDist::Path { path, .. } => Some(path),
-        }
-    }
-
    pub(crate) fn hash(&self) -> Option<&Hash> {
        match &self {
            SourceDist::Metadata { metadata } => metadata.hash.as_ref(),
@ -3787,34 +3828,60 @@ impl SourceDist {
                }))
            }
            IndexUrl::Path(path) => {
-                let index_path = path.to_file_path().map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath)?;
-                let reg_dist_path = reg_dist
+                let index_path = path
+                    .to_file_path()
+                    .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath { url: path.to_url() })?;
+                let url = reg_dist
                    .file
                    .url
                    .to_url()
-                    .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidUrl)?
-                    .to_file_path()
-                    .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath)?;
-                let path = relative_to(&reg_dist_path, index_path)
-                    .or_else(|_| std::path::absolute(&reg_dist_path))
-                    .map_err(LockErrorKind::DistributionRelativePath)?
-                    .into_boxed_path();
-                let hash = reg_dist.file.hashes.iter().max().cloned().map(Hash::from);
-                let size = reg_dist.file.size;
-                let upload_time = reg_dist
-                    .file
-                    .upload_time_utc_ms
-                    .map(Timestamp::from_millisecond)
-                    .transpose()
-                    .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidTimestamp)?;
-                Ok(Some(SourceDist::Path {
-                    path,
-                    metadata: SourceDistMetadata {
-                        hash,
-                        size,
-                        upload_time,
-                    },
-                }))
+                    .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidUrl)?;
+
+                if url.scheme() == "file" {
+                    let reg_dist_path = url
+                        .to_file_path()
+                        .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath { url })?;
+                    let path = relative_to(&reg_dist_path, index_path)
+                        .or_else(|_| std::path::absolute(&reg_dist_path))
+                        .map_err(LockErrorKind::DistributionRelativePath)?
+                        .into_boxed_path();
+                    let hash = reg_dist.file.hashes.iter().max().cloned().map(Hash::from);
+                    let size = reg_dist.file.size;
+                    let upload_time = reg_dist
+                        .file
+                        .upload_time_utc_ms
+                        .map(Timestamp::from_millisecond)
+                        .transpose()
+                        .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidTimestamp)?;
+                    Ok(Some(SourceDist::Path {
+                        path,
+                        metadata: SourceDistMetadata {
+                            hash,
+                            size,
+                            upload_time,
+                        },
+                    }))
+                } else {
+                    let url = normalize_file_location(&reg_dist.file.url)
+                        .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidUrl)
+                        .map_err(LockError::from)?;
+                    let hash = reg_dist.file.hashes.iter().max().cloned().map(Hash::from);
+                    let size = reg_dist.file.size;
+                    let upload_time = reg_dist
+                        .file
+                        .upload_time_utc_ms
+                        .map(Timestamp::from_millisecond)
+                        .transpose()
+                        .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidTimestamp)?;
+                    Ok(Some(SourceDist::Url {
+                        url,
+                        metadata: SourceDistMetadata {
+                            hash,
+                            size,
+                            upload_time,
+                        },
+                    }))
+                }
            }
        }
    }
@ -4117,25 +4184,46 @@ impl Wheel {
                })
            }
            IndexUrl::Path(path) => {
-                let index_path = path.to_file_path().map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath)?;
-                let wheel_path = wheel
-                    .file
-                    .url
-                    .to_url()
-                    .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidUrl)?
+                let index_path = path
                    .to_file_path()
-                    .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath)?;
-                let path = relative_to(&wheel_path, index_path)
-                    .or_else(|_| std::path::absolute(&wheel_path))
-                    .map_err(LockErrorKind::DistributionRelativePath)?
-                    .into_boxed_path();
-                Ok(Wheel {
-                    url: WheelWireSource::Path { path },
-                    hash: None,
-                    size: None,
-                    upload_time: None,
-                    filename,
-                })
+                    .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath { url: path.to_url() })?;
+                let wheel_url = wheel.file.url.to_url().map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidUrl)?;
+
+                if wheel_url.scheme() == "file" {
+                    let wheel_path = wheel_url
+                        .to_file_path()
+                        .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::UrlToPath { url: wheel_url })?;
+                    let path = relative_to(&wheel_path, index_path)
+                        .or_else(|_| std::path::absolute(&wheel_path))
+                        .map_err(LockErrorKind::DistributionRelativePath)?
+                        .into_boxed_path();
+                    Ok(Wheel {
+                        url: WheelWireSource::Path { path },
+                        hash: None,
+                        size: None,
+                        upload_time: None,
+                        filename,
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    let url = normalize_file_location(&wheel.file.url)
+                        .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidUrl)
+                        .map_err(LockError::from)?;
+                    let hash = wheel.file.hashes.iter().max().cloned().map(Hash::from);
+                    let size = wheel.file.size;
+                    let upload_time = wheel
+                        .file
+                        .upload_time_utc_ms
+                        .map(Timestamp::from_millisecond)
+                        .transpose()
+                        .map_err(LockErrorKind::InvalidTimestamp)?;
+                    Ok(Wheel {
+                        url: WheelWireSource::Url { url },
+                        hash,
+                        size,
+                        filename,
+                        upload_time,
+                    })
+                }
            }
        }
    }
@ -4173,8 +4261,10 @@ impl Wheel {

        match source {
            RegistrySource::Url(url) => {
-                let file_url = match &self.url {
-                    WheelWireSource::Url { url } => url,
+                let file_location = match &self.url {
+                    WheelWireSource::Url { url: file_url } => {
+                        FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(file_url.clone())
+                    }
                    WheelWireSource::Path { .. } | WheelWireSource::Filename { .. } => {
                        return Err(LockErrorKind::MissingUrl {
                            name: filename.name,
@ -4190,7 +4280,7 @@ impl Wheel {
                    requires_python: None,
                    size: self.size,
                    upload_time_utc_ms: self.upload_time.map(Timestamp::as_millisecond),
-                    url: FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(file_url.clone()),
+                    url: file_location,
                    yanked: None,
                });
                let index = IndexUrl::from(VerbatimUrl::from_url(
@ -4203,9 +4293,21 @@ impl Wheel {
                })
            }
            RegistrySource::Path(index_path) => {
-                let file_path = match &self.url {
-                    WheelWireSource::Path { path } => path,
-                    WheelWireSource::Url { .. } | WheelWireSource::Filename { .. } => {
+                let file_location = match &self.url {
+                    WheelWireSource::Url { url: file_url } => {
+                        FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(file_url.clone())
+                    }
+                    WheelWireSource::Path { path: file_path } => {
+                        let file_path = root.join(index_path).join(file_path);
+                        let file_url =
+                            DisplaySafeUrl::from_file_path(&file_path).map_err(|()| {
+                                LockErrorKind::PathToUrl {
+                                    path: file_path.into_boxed_path(),
+                                }
+                            })?;
+                        FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(UrlString::from(file_url))
+                    }
+                    WheelWireSource::Filename { .. } => {
                        return Err(LockErrorKind::MissingPath {
                            name: filename.name,
                            version: filename.version,
@ -4213,9 +4315,6 @@ impl Wheel {
                        .into());
                    }
                };
-                let file_url =
-                    DisplaySafeUrl::from_file_path(root.join(index_path).join(file_path))
-                        .map_err(|()| LockErrorKind::PathToUrl)?;
                let file = Box::new(uv_distribution_types::File {
                    dist_info_metadata: false,
                    filename: SmallString::from(filename.to_string()),
@ -4223,7 +4322,7 @@ impl Wheel {
                    requires_python: None,
                    size: self.size,
                    upload_time_utc_ms: self.upload_time.map(Timestamp::as_millisecond),
-                    url: FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(UrlString::from(file_url)),
+                    url: file_location,
                    yanked: None,
                });
                let index = IndexUrl::from(
@ -4597,7 +4696,7 @@ impl From<Hash> for Hashes {
 /// Convert a [`FileLocation`] into a normalized [`UrlString`].
 fn normalize_file_location(location: &FileLocation) -> Result<UrlString, ToUrlError> {
    match location {
-        FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(absolute) => Ok(absolute.without_fragment()),
+        FileLocation::AbsoluteUrl(absolute) => Ok(absolute.without_fragment().into_owned()),
        FileLocation::RelativeUrl(_, _) => Ok(normalize_url(location.to_url()?)),
    }
 }
@ -5222,8 +5321,13 @@ enum LockErrorKind {
    ),
    /// An error that occurs when the extension can't be determined
    /// for a given wheel or source distribution.
-    #[error("Failed to parse file extension; expected one of: {0}")]
-    MissingExtension(#[from] ExtensionError),
+    #[error("Failed to parse file extension for `{id}`; expected one of: {err}", id = id.cyan())]
+    MissingExtension {
+        /// The filename that was expected to have an extension.
+        id: PackageId,
+        /// The list of valid extensions that were expected.
+        err: ExtensionError,
+    },
    /// Failed to parse a Git source URL.
    #[error("Failed to parse Git URL")]
    InvalidGitSourceUrl(
@ -5421,11 +5525,11 @@ enum LockErrorKind {
        VerbatimUrlError,
    ),
    /// An error that occurs when converting a path to a URL.
-    #[error("Failed to convert path to URL")]
-    PathToUrl,
+    #[error("Failed to convert path to URL: {path}", path = path.display().cyan())]
+    PathToUrl { path: Box<Path> },
    /// An error that occurs when converting a URL to a path
-    #[error("Failed to convert URL to path")]
-    UrlToPath,
+    #[error("Failed to convert URL to path: {url}", url = url.cyan())]
+    UrlToPath { url: DisplaySafeUrl },
    /// An error that occurs when multiple packages with the same
    /// name were found when identifying the root packages.
    #[error("Found multiple packages matching `{name}`", name = name.cyan())]
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/pubgrub/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/pubgrub/mod.rs
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pub(crate) use crate::pubgrub::dependencies::PubGrubDependency;
 pub(crate) use crate::pubgrub::distribution::PubGrubDistribution;
-pub(crate) use crate::pubgrub::package::{PubGrubPackage, PubGrubPackageInner, PubGrubPython};
+pub use crate::pubgrub::package::{PubGrubPackage, PubGrubPackageInner, PubGrubPython};
 pub(crate) use crate::pubgrub::priority::{PubGrubPriorities, PubGrubPriority, PubGrubTiebreaker};
 pub(crate) use crate::pubgrub::report::PubGrubReportFormatter;

--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/pubgrub/package.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/pubgrub/package.rs
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::python_requirement::PythonRequirement;

 /// [`Arc`] wrapper around [`PubGrubPackageInner`] to make cloning (inside PubGrub) cheap.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub(crate) struct PubGrubPackage(Arc<PubGrubPackageInner>);
+pub struct PubGrubPackage(Arc<PubGrubPackageInner>);

 impl Deref for PubGrubPackage {
    type Target = PubGrubPackageInner;
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl From<PubGrubPackageInner> for PubGrubPackage {
 ///    package (e.g., `black[colorama]`), and mark it as a dependency of the real package (e.g.,
 ///    `black`). We then discard the virtual packages at the end of the resolution process.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub(crate) enum PubGrubPackageInner {
+pub enum PubGrubPackageInner {
    /// The root package, which is used to start the resolution process.
    Root(Option<PackageName>),
    /// A Python version.
@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ impl PubGrubPackage {
 }

 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Hash, Ord)]
-pub(crate) enum PubGrubPython {
+pub enum PubGrubPython {
    /// The Python version installed in the current environment.
    Installed,
    /// The Python version for which dependencies are being resolved.
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/pubgrub/report.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/pubgrub/report.rs
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use uv_pep440::{Version, VersionSpecifiers};
 use uv_platform_tags::{AbiTag, IncompatibleTag, LanguageTag, PlatformTag, Tags};

 use crate::candidate_selector::CandidateSelector;
-use crate::error::ErrorTree;
+use crate::error::{ErrorTree, PrefixMatch};
 use crate::fork_indexes::ForkIndexes;
 use crate::fork_urls::ForkUrls;
 use crate::prerelease::AllowPrerelease;
@ -944,17 +944,30 @@ impl PubGrubReportFormatter<'_> {
        hints: &mut IndexSet<PubGrubHint>,
    ) {
        let any_prerelease = set.iter().any(|(start, end)| {
+            // Ignore, e.g., `>=2.4.dev0,<2.5.dev0`, which is the desugared form of `==2.4.*`.
+            if PrefixMatch::from_range(start, end).is_some() {
+                return false;
+            }
+
            let is_pre1 = match start {
                Bound::Included(version) => version.any_prerelease(),
                Bound::Excluded(version) => version.any_prerelease(),
                Bound::Unbounded => false,
            };
+            if is_pre1 {
+                return true;
+            }
+
            let is_pre2 = match end {
                Bound::Included(version) => version.any_prerelease(),
                Bound::Excluded(version) => version.any_prerelease(),
                Bound::Unbounded => false,
            };
-            is_pre1 || is_pre2
+            if is_pre2 {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            false
        });

        if any_prerelease {
@ -1928,11 +1941,11 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for PackageRange<'_> {
                PackageRangeKind::Available => write!(f, "are available:")?,
            }
        }
-        for segment in &segments {
+        for (lower, upper) in &segments {
            if segments.len() > 1 {
                write!(f, "\n    ")?;
            }
-            match segment {
+            match (lower, upper) {
                (Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Unbounded) => match self.kind {
                    PackageRangeKind::Dependency => write!(f, "{package}")?,
                    PackageRangeKind::Compatibility => write!(f, "all versions of {package}")?,
@ -1948,7 +1961,13 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for PackageRange<'_> {
                        write!(f, "{package}>={v},<={b}")?;
                    }
                }
-                (Bound::Included(v), Bound::Excluded(b)) => write!(f, "{package}>={v},<{b}")?,
+                (Bound::Included(v), Bound::Excluded(b)) => {
+                    if let Some(prefix) = PrefixMatch::from_range(lower, upper) {
+                        write!(f, "{package}{prefix}")?;
+                    } else {
+                        write!(f, "{package}>={v},<{b}")?;
+                    }
+                }
                (Bound::Excluded(v), Bound::Unbounded) => write!(f, "{package}>{v}")?,
                (Bound::Excluded(v), Bound::Included(b)) => write!(f, "{package}>{v},<={b}")?,
                (Bound::Excluded(v), Bound::Excluded(b)) => write!(f, "{package}>{v},<{b}")?,
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/availability.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/availability.rs
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use uv_platform_tags::{AbiTag, Tags};

 /// The reason why a package or a version cannot be used.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub(crate) enum UnavailableReason {
+pub enum UnavailableReason {
    /// The entire package cannot be used.
    Package(UnavailablePackage),
    /// A single version cannot be used.
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ impl Display for UnavailableReason {
 /// Most variant are from [`MetadataResponse`] without the error source, since we don't format
 /// the source and we want to merge unavailable messages across versions.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub(crate) enum UnavailableVersion {
+pub enum UnavailableVersion {
    /// Version is incompatible because it has no usable distributions
    IncompatibleDist(IncompatibleDist),
    /// The wheel metadata was found, but could not be parsed.
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl From<&MetadataUnavailable> for UnavailableVersion {

 /// The package is unavailable and cannot be used.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub(crate) enum UnavailablePackage {
+pub enum UnavailablePackage {
    /// Index lookups were disabled (i.e., `--no-index`) and the package was not found in a flat index (i.e. from `--find-links`).
    NoIndex,
    /// Network requests were disabled (i.e., `--offline`), and the package was not found in the cache.
--- a/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/urls.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-resolver/src/resolver/urls.rs
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use same_file::is_same_file;
 use tracing::debug;

 use uv_cache_key::CanonicalUrl;
-use uv_distribution_types::Verbatim;
 use uv_git::GitResolver;
 use uv_normalize::PackageName;
 use uv_pep508::{MarkerTree, VerbatimUrl};
@ -170,8 +169,8 @@ impl Urls {
        let [allowed_url] = matching_urls.as_slice() else {
            let mut conflicting_urls: Vec<_> = matching_urls
                .into_iter()
-                .map(|parsed_url| parsed_url.verbatim.verbatim().to_string())
-                .chain(std::iter::once(verbatim_url.verbatim().to_string()))
+                .map(|parsed_url| parsed_url.parsed_url.clone())
+                .chain(std::iter::once(parsed_url.clone()))
                .collect();
            conflicting_urls.sort();
            return Err(ResolveError::ConflictingUrls {
--- a/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-settings/src/settings.rs
@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Tools {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Deserialize, CombineOptions, OptionsMetadata)]
 #[serde(from = "OptionsWire", rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", derive(schemars::JsonSchema))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "schemars", schemars(!from))]
 pub struct Options {
    #[serde(flatten)]
    pub globals: GlobalOptions,
--- a/crates/uv-small-str/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-small-str/src/lib.rs
@ -147,15 +147,15 @@ impl PartialOrd<SmallString> for rkyv::string::ArchivedString {
 /// An [`schemars::JsonSchema`] implementation for [`SmallString`].
 #[cfg(feature = "schemars")]
 impl schemars::JsonSchema for SmallString {
-    fn is_referenceable() -> bool {
-        String::is_referenceable()
+    fn inline_schema() -> bool {
+        true
    }

-    fn schema_name() -> String {
+    fn schema_name() -> Cow<'static, str> {
        String::schema_name()
    }

-    fn json_schema(_gen: &mut schemars::r#gen::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::schema::Schema {
-        String::json_schema(_gen)
+    fn json_schema(generator: &mut schemars::generate::SchemaGenerator) -> schemars::Schema {
+        String::json_schema(generator)
    }
 }
--- a/crates/uv-static/src/env_vars.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-static/src/env_vars.rs
@ -359,10 +359,6 @@ impl EnvVars {
    #[attr_hidden]
    pub const UV_INTERNAL__SHOW_DERIVATION_TREE: &'static str = "UV_INTERNAL__SHOW_DERIVATION_TREE";

-    /// Used to set a temporary directory for some tests.
-    #[attr_hidden]
-    pub const UV_INTERNAL__TEST_DIR: &'static str = "UV_INTERNAL__TEST_DIR";
-
    /// Path to system-level configuration directory on Unix systems.
    pub const XDG_CONFIG_DIRS: &'static str = "XDG_CONFIG_DIRS";

@ -667,6 +663,10 @@ impl EnvVars {
    #[attr_hidden]
    pub const UV_TEST_INDEX_URL: &'static str = "UV_TEST_INDEX_URL";

+    /// Used to set the GitHub fast-path url for tests.
+    #[attr_hidden]
+    pub const UV_GITHUB_FAST_PATH_URL: &'static str = "UV_GITHUB_FAST_PATH_URL";
+
    /// Hide progress messages with non-deterministic order in tests.
    #[attr_hidden]
    pub const UV_TEST_NO_CLI_PROGRESS: &'static str = "UV_TEST_NO_CLI_PROGRESS";
--- a/crates/uv-trampoline-builder/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-trampoline-builder/src/lib.rs
@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
    }

    #[test]
-    #[ignore]
+    #[ignore = "This test will spawn a GUI and wait until you close the window."]
    fn gui_launcher() -> Result<()> {
        // Create Temp Dirs
        let temp_dir = assert_fs::TempDir::new()?;
--- a/crates/uv-types/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-types/Cargo.toml
@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ uv-redacted = { workspace = true }
 uv-workspace = { workspace = true }

 anyhow = { workspace = true }
+dashmap = { workspace = true }
 rustc-hash = { workspace = true }
 thiserror = { workspace = true }

--- a/crates/uv-types/src/builds.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-types/src/builds.rs
@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use dashmap::DashMap;
+
+use uv_configuration::{BuildKind, SourceStrategy};
 use uv_pep508::PackageName;
 use uv_python::PythonEnvironment;

@ -37,3 +43,42 @@ impl BuildIsolation<'_> {
        }
    }
 }
+
+/// A key for the build cache, which includes the interpreter, source root, subdirectory, source
+/// strategy, and build kind.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct BuildKey {
+    pub base_python: Box<Path>,
+    pub source_root: Box<Path>,
+    pub subdirectory: Option<Box<Path>>,
+    pub source_strategy: SourceStrategy,
+    pub build_kind: BuildKind,
+}
+
+/// An arena of in-process builds.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct BuildArena<T>(Arc<DashMap<BuildKey, T>>);
+
+impl<T> Default for BuildArena<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::new(DashMap::new()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for BuildArena<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> BuildArena<T> {
+    /// Insert a build entry into the arena.
+    pub fn insert(&self, key: BuildKey, value: T) {
+        self.0.insert(key, value);
+    }
+
+    /// Remove a build entry from the arena.
+    pub fn remove(&self, key: &BuildKey) -> Option<T> {
+        self.0.remove(key).map(|entry| entry.1)
+    }
+}
--- a/crates/uv-types/src/traits.rs
+++ b/crates/uv-types/src/traits.rs
@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ use uv_pep508::PackageName;
 use uv_python::{Interpreter, PythonEnvironment};
 use uv_workspace::WorkspaceCache;

+use crate::BuildArena;
+
 ///  Avoids cyclic crate dependencies between resolver, installer and builder.
 ///
 /// To resolve the dependencies of a packages, we may need to build one or more source
@ -67,6 +69,9 @@ pub trait BuildContext {
    /// Return a reference to the Git resolver.
    fn git(&self) -> &GitResolver;

+    /// Return a reference to the build arena.
+    fn build_arena(&self) -> &BuildArena<Self::SourceDistBuilder>;
+
    /// Return a reference to the discovered registry capabilities.
    fn capabilities(&self) -> &IndexCapabilities;

@ -180,13 +185,13 @@ pub trait InstalledPackagesProvider: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static {
 pub struct EmptyInstalledPackages;

 impl InstalledPackagesProvider for EmptyInstalledPackages {
-    fn get_packages(&self, _name: &PackageName) -> Vec<&InstalledDist> {
-        Vec::new()
-    }
-
    fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &InstalledDist> {
        std::iter::empty()
    }
+
+    fn get_packages(&self, _name: &PackageName) -> Vec<&InstalledDist> {
+        Vec::new()
+    }
 }

 /// [`anyhow::Error`]-like wrapper type for [`BuildDispatch`] method return values, that also makes
--- a/crates/uv-version/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/uv-version/Cargo.toml
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "uv-version"
-version = "0.7.14"
+version = "0.7.19"
 edition = { workspace = true }
 rust-version = { workspace = true }
 homepage = { workspace = true }
--- a/Show more
+++ b/Show more